• Korea Trade Review
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.159-184
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• 2017

OECD MNE Guidelines ('OECD Guidelines') was set forth in 1976 as a form of annex to the OECD Declaration on International Investment and Multinational Enterprises. The objective of the OECD Guidelines is to fulfill the implementation and adoption of the Responsible Business Conduct ('RBC') among the adhering states. To further the effectiveness of the OECD Guidelines, OECD, specifically the Investment Committee of OECD, has utilized National Contact Point ('NCP') structure. According to the Procedural Guidance annexed to the OECD Guidelines, peer learning is prescribed as an important tool for promoting and facilitating the implementation procedures of the OECD Guidelines. This paper, inter alia, is mainly focusing on the peer review mechanism applicable to NCPs because negative assessments by peers are likely to harm Korea's state image and entail international criticisms even though such reviews are conducted voluntarily. In addition, the Working Party on Responsible Business Conduct ('WPRBC') decided to have a peer review of Korean NCP in 2019. This paper first outlines the meaning and current applications of the peer review mechanism, and then analyzes specific peer review cases conducted in Denmark and Belgium in 2015, and in 2016, respectively. Lastly, based on the issues handled in the peer review reports on the above states, this paper makes a few recommendations for Korean government to prepare the peer review scheduled in 2019.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.333-349
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• 2014

This study exploratively investigated the cultural disposition of undergraduates in LIS and their collaborative learning. To identify the cultural disposition, this study employed the Triandis' scale identifying four dimensions including horizontal individualism, vertical individualism, horizontal collectivism, vertical collectivism. Additionally, their collaborative learning was analyzed by self- and peer-evaluation surveys. The findings showed that 66.7% LIS students had the horizontal collectivism and their contribution to the collaboration was higher than other groups. Additionally, the gender difference indicated that female students actively participated in the collaboration and gave more contributions than male students. However, the female students had low satisfaction to the collaboration. These results can be used to improve LIS students' collaborative learning.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.581-592
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• 2020

This research aims to explore the effect of participation in 'peer tutoring(learning tutoring)' program designed for low achiever students, and to provide an explanation for the improvement of related extracurricular activity. For this, firstly, the study analyzed differences between goal attainment group and non-attainment group in self-directed learning readiness, learning presence and learning transfer. Secondly, the relationships between three variables were analyzed. Based on an online survey of 154 low achievers participating in learning tutoring, two research questions were examined using t-test, correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Our findings show that firstly, the academic achievement after participating in tutoring improved more than before. Secondly, there were differences in three variables by gender and grades. Also, there were differences in three variables between two groups. Finally, there was a high positive correlation between three variables, and 71% of learning transfer was explained by self-directed learning readiness and learning presence. Based on these findings, the practical implications are discussed regarding the improvement of tutoring program.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2022

Bitcoin is a peer-to-peer cryptocurrency designed for electronic transactions that do not depend on the government or financial institutions. Since Bitcoin was first issued, a huge blockchain financial market has been created, and as a result, research to predict Bitcoin price data using machine learning has been increasing. However, the inefficient Hyper-parameter optimization process of machine learning research is interrupting the progress of the research. In this paper, we analyzes and presents the direction of Hyper-parameter optimization through experiments that compose the entire combination of the Timesteps, the number of LSTM units, and the Dropout ratio among the most representative Hyper-parameter and measure the predictive performance for each combination based on Bitcoin price prediction model using LSTM layer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2015.01a
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• pp.293-294
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 컴퓨터 프로그래밍 수업에 피어 튜터링을 적용할 때 팀 구성 방법을 다르게 하여 참여 학습자들의 성적 변화를 비교해보았다. 그 결과 팀 구성시 친분보다는 수준을 고려할수록 성적 상승에 긍정적으로 작용했으며 특히 친분에 의한 팀 구성시 학습자들의 학습 수준 차이가 크면 상위 학습자 성적 하력이 더 큰 것으로 분석되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.553-555
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 분산 가상 환경을 기반으로 한 원격교육시스템을 제안한다. 기존에 제안되었던 대부분의 원격교육시스템 들은 클라이언트/서버 구조를 택함으로써 시스템의 확장성과 속도에 많은 단점을 가지고 있었다. 이러한 단점을 보완하고자 본 논문에서는 분산 객체 모델을 기반으로 peer-to-peer 구조를 가지는 새로운 원격교육시스템을 소개한다. DOVE(Distributed Object-oriented virtual computing environment)라는 분산 가상 환경 상에서 설계된 본 시스템은 peer-to-peer 구조를 가짐으로써 기존 시스템들의 확장성 문제를 해결했을 뿐만 아니라 DOVE의 가장 큰 장점 중에 하나인 객체 그룹(Object Group)의 개념을 도입하여 객체간에 멀티캐스트를 기반으로 한 상호작용을 가능케 함으로써 속도와 부하 문제도 해결하였다.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.91-108
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• 2007

This study investigates learners' perception on their engagement in rating activities in the EFL essay-writing context. The current study aims to address the answers to the following research questions: 1) What attitude do students show about their participation in the rating tasks? and 2) which of three aspects (e.g. the degree of rating experience, the exposure to English composition instruction and learning, and proficiency level) significantly influences learners' rating activities? 104 EFL learners participated in the rater training session. After participants finished rater training session, they rated three sample essays and peer essays using the given scoring guide. Based on the analysis of survey responses that students made, students showed positive attitude toward their engagement in rating tasks. For research question 2, only L2 writing proficiency seriously affected students' perception on the rating tasks. Advanced level of subjects did not feel stressed by a grade of peers as low level of subjects did. They were also critical about the benefits of self- and peer-assessment, suggesting that a peer's feedback on their own essay was not so useful and that a self-rating does not fully help learners identify their writing proficiency.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.89-97
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• 2017

The purpose of the present study was to estimate the effect of adolescents' depression on cell phone dependency and to identify mediating effects of parenting style and peer isolation. The study used data from the $6^{th}$ waves of 2015 KCYPS(Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey). Structural Equation Model(SEM) was conducted to examine the mediating effects of parenting style and peer isolation. The results showed that adolescents' depression had positive effects on cell phone dependency. In addition, the relationship between adolescents' depression and cell phone dependency was partially mediated by parenting style, not mediated by peer relationships. Based on these findings, further suggestions are provided to reduce adolescents' cell phone dependency by decreasing parent's over-involvement and improve adolescents' self control opportunities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.58
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• pp.205-229
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the impact of exposure to peer delinquency among elementary school-age students and the mediating effects of aggression. The study utilized 458 cases (220 male students, 238 female students) of data from the 2015 Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS) conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). The theoretical frameworks used in this study included Bandura's social learning theory, Akers' social learning theory, and Sutherland's differential association theory. The findings were as follows. First, there was no statistically significant effect on peer group's delinquency experience overall, aggression, and delinquency experience by gender. Second, male students' delinquency experience of their peer group had a statistically significant effect on their delinquency, however, this was not true for female students. Third, in the case of male students, aggression was found to mediate the relationship between peer group delinquency experience and their own delinquency, but not for female students. From these findings, we suggest a practical and policy-driven intervention plan, focusing on reducing the contact frequency of delinquency experience and aggression, The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the impact of exposure to peer delinquency among elementary school-age students and the mediating effects of aggression. The study utilized 458 cases (220 male students, 238 female students) of data from the 2015 Korea Welfare Panel Study (KoWePS) conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs (KIHASA). The theoretical frameworks used in this study included Bandura's social learning theory, Akers' social learning theory, and Sutherland's differential association theory. The findings were as follows. First, there was no statistically significant effect on peer group's delinquency experience overall, aggression, and delinquency experience by gender. Second, male students'delinquency experience of their peer group had a statistically significant effect on their delinquency, however, this was not true for female students. Third, in the case of male students, aggression was found to mediate the relationship between peer group delinquency experience and their own delinquency, but not for female students. From these findings, we suggest a practical and policy-driven intervention plan, focusing on reducing the contact frequency of delinquency experience and aggression, which was found to adversely affect elementary school students' delinquency.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.113-137
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• 2015

The objective of the present study is to systematically examine the effects of on the cognitive and affective domains of elementary, middle, and high school students by conducting a meta-analysis. To this end, this study selected 31 research papers that had analyzed the effects of applying, and performed a meta-analysis of the findings presented in each research paper. The results obtained from the meta-analysis are presented as follows. First, both the collaborative learning program and the peer tutoring program for underachieving students in math manifested an above average size of effect in the cognitive domain. In particular, the effect was the greatest at the elementary school level, and out of the two programs, peer tutoring was identified to have a sizable effect. Second, both programs displayed an above average size of effect in the affective domain, and peer tutoring was identified to have a higher effect than collaborative learning. In addition, when the programs were compared based on school levels, the size of effect was highest at the elementary school level followed by middle school and high school, in that order. When compared based on the criteria of the affective domain, self-efficacy in math, learners' attitude toward math, and learners' interest in math were identified to. Finally, this study presented suggestions for teaching underachieving students in math and conducting follow-up studies based on the analysis results.