• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3483-3489
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• 2013

Background: To identify the prevalence of different stages of smoking and differences in associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Thos longitudinal study started in February 2011 and the subjects were 2552 form one students aged between twelve to thirteen years of from 15 government secondary schools of Kinta, Perak. Data on demographic, parental, school and peer factors were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. We examined the effects of peer, school and parental factors on the five stages of smoking; never smokers, susceptible never smokers, experimenters, current smokers and ex-smokers, at baseline. Results: In the sample, 19.3% were susceptible never smokers, 5.5% were current smokers 6% were experimenters and 3.1% were ex-smokers. Gender, ethnicity, best friends' smoking status, high peer pressure, higher number of relatives who smoked and parental monitoring were found to be associated with smoking stages. Presence of parent-teen conflict was only associated with susceptible never smokers and experimenters whereas absence of home discussion on smoking hazards was associated with susceptible never smokers and current smokers. Conclusions: We identified variations in the factors associated with the different stages of smoking. Our results highlight that anti-smoking strategies should be tailored according to the different smoking stages.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the structural relationship, direct and indirect effects between adolescents' peer attachment, self-resilience, academic stress, and smartphone addiction. The subject of this study used panel data of a total of 1280 middle school students who participated in the 14th study of the Children's Panel of the Korea Child Care Policy Institute. For data analysis, SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 programs were used. As a result of the study, children's peer attachment was positively correlated with ego resiliency, academic stress and negatively correlated with smartphone addiction. All pathways except peer attachment and smartphone addiction were found to have a direct influence, and adolescents' peer attachment had an indirect effect on smartphone addiction through ego resiliency and parental achievement pressure. In conclusion, in order to lower adolescents' smartphone addiction, practical interventions to improve ego resiliency and reduce academic stress through peer attachment are considered necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.275-284
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• 2010

Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is the act of deliberately harming your own body, such as cutting or burning yourself, without suicidal intent. It has especially become a problem among adolescents and college-age students in institutional settings such as boarding schools, Greek houses, detention centers and hospitals. We focus on contagion of DSH among adolescents and young adults by creating a deterministic epidemiological model. We study the impact of actual peer pressure, virtual peer pressure (the Internet) and treatment analytically in terms of a basic reproduction number through stability analysis of a system of ordinary differential equations. All parameters are approximated and results are also explored by simulations. The model shows that DSH is present in an endemic state in the population considered, and the control strategies are discussed.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.89-110
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• 2019

This study is to verify relative influence of individual, parent, peer, teacher-related variables as protective factors and risk factors of academic hatred. Surveys were conducted with 1,015 (women, 57.3%) high school third grade students across eight schools where are located in Seoul, Incheon, and Geyonggi province. Correlation analysis and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were performed. The findings are summarized as follows. Teacher's academic pressure did not have significant correlation with student's basic psychological needs, teacher's autonomy support, teacher's support, and peer support whereas other variables showed significant correlation each others. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that student's individual competence and autonomy, parent's academic support, and teacher's emotional support work as protective factors and that parent's academic pressure functions as a risk factor. The effects of peer support disappeared when teacher-related factors were included. In addition, the effects of teacher's autonomy support disappeared, while the effects of teacher's support strengthened when learner's basic psychological needs were input. This study is meaningful in that it clarified academic hatred which had not been studied in other research and that it provided theoretical foundation for subsequent studies on academic hatred by examining relative influence of related variables. Lastly, it presented its limitation, implications on intervening strategies in school counseling, and suggestions for later studies.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

We have investigated optimal control strategies for prevention of ecstasy use. Ecstasy use has continued at raves and nightclubs in recent years and the reduction of ecstasy use has become one of the important issues in society. We apply optimal control theory to a model of the peer-driven dynamics of ecstasy use. Our goal is to minimize the ecstasy use class and the intervention cost. Optimal control is characterized in terms of the solution of optimality system, which is the state system coupled with the adjoint system and the optimality equations. The numerical simulations show the optimal prevention policies of ecstasy use in various scenarios.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2010

This paper shows the development process for measuring three-dimensional flow velocity components in a web-browser. The system is developed in an embeddable C/C++ interpreter Ch and Ch-CGI toolkit. The interface for the web-based measurement system consists of a set of web HTML files and Ch files for CGI. All of data in web browser are passed to Ch-CGI script to generate the output of new HTML file. PC-Server and PC-Client can submit measurement parameters and receive the text/graphical results each other. PC-Client can control the test equipment by using a parameters that received from PC-Server. It also can pass the test results between the web-based measurement system. In summary, the designed measurement system is evaluated, the outputs shown well on the web browser.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.173-181
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of sociocultural attitude toward appearance, social pressure, and stress on university students' body figure discrepancy. A total of 363 students were recruited from a university in C and A city. Data were collected by self-reported questionnaires from Oct 27 to Dec 9, 2016. Statistical analyses of the collected data were conducted using SPSS 20.0 and consisted of descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. A positive relationship was observed between body figure discrepancy and female's sociocultural attitude toward appearance (r=.406, p=.006), peer pressure (r=.197, p<.001), parental pressure (r=.176, p=.002), and stress (r=.218, p<.001). Body figure discrepancies increased with peer pressure (${\beta}=.159$, p=.007), stress (${\beta}=.186$, p=.002), and BMI (${\beta}=.186$, p=.002), and these factors accounted for 10.9% of the body figure discrepancy. To reduce body figure discrepancy, it is necessary to develop health education and promotion programs that enable university students to manage weight and stress for health maintenance and to have positive self-assessment without being hurt by other people's view or evaluation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6553-6558
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• 2014

Background: This study was conducted to gauge how the demographic profile of smokeless tobacco (SLT) users from Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh, India, differs from that of smokers. It also addresses how factors associated with the initiation and continuation of smokeless tobacco vary by age, gender, and education. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 2011 cross-sectional survey data collected from 4,759 respondents (smokers/SLT users/non-users) in both states. Chi-square analysis was used to make comparisons between the demographic profiles of smokers and SLT users. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the odds ratios (ORs) for initiation and continuation factors regressed on socio-demographic variables (age, gender, education). Results: Initiation-women were less likely than men to report "peer pressure", "fashion statement", and "stress/coping" as relevant factors for SLT use (OR: 0.45 CI: 0.30-0.70; OR: 0.42 CI: 0.24-0.74; OR: 2.47, CI: 1.47-4.15). Older age groups had lower odds of choosing "peer pressure" than the 15-24 year olds. Respondents with 11 or more years of education were more likely to report "stress/coping" than those with no education (OR: 2.82, CI: 1.06-7.48). Continuation-women were less likely than men to choose "relaxation", and "distance from family" as important continuation factors (OR: 0.50, CI:0.32-0.80; OR: 0.20, CI: 0.06-0.65). All age groups were less likely to choose "stimulation" as a factor than the youngest group. Conclusions: Along with confirming and expanding upon previous literature, the findings of this study should encourage further SLT research in women and younger age groups (15-24 and 24-44). They also confirm the need for SLT prevention and cessation interventions in India in other community-based settings, besides schools.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.133-142
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence safety rule violation at work. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 337 participants from nine manufacturing plants. The results of the content analysis revealed the following six categories: Individual characteristics, safety commitment, safety support and resources, safety competence and communication, production pressure, and problems with rules. Among the 14 factors in the six categories above, indirect accident experience in the individual characteristics category and no action for complying with laws in the problems with rules category had not been identified in previous studies. However, some factors, such as age, peer pressure, pay type, the lowering of risk, a masculine way of working, and supervisor position were not found in this study. The implications and limitations are discussed.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

This study investigated how variables of internalizing and externalizing problematic behaviors change according to gender and as time passes by and how the variables influence adolescent problematic behaviors. The variables selected for the analysis are personal variables, parent variables, peer and school variables, and community variables. longitudinal data collected for 4 years from the Korea Youth Panel Survey(KYPS) were utilized for the analysis. Data were collected initially from 2,707 fifth grade elementary students in 2005 and they were traced until 2008. The final respondents were 2,448 students. The findings are as follows. Frist, the statistical significance was found in changes of problematic behavioral variables in terms of the gender difference. Second, variables, such as self-esteem and self-control are negatively correlated to the problematic behaviors and stress level is strongly positively correlated to the behaviors. Third, the study pressure and peer attachment level are correlated to the initial value of internalizing problematic behaviors. In conclusion, given that more statistical significances were found at initial values than the change rates among variables, early intervention is important in addressing adolescent problematic behaviors.