• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.694-697
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• 2000

Laying hens kept in different light and dark periods of the day at high ambient temperature of maximum $35^{\circ}C$ were challenged to $38.5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ acute heat 3 hours daily for 7 consecutive days. They were found to have a significant (p<0.01) acclimatization response (rectal temperature) to heat stress during the dark period compared to those exposed to the same temperature during the light period. The blood pH was not significantly different. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($PCO_2$) was significantly high (p<0.01) except in day 4. Similarly the blood bicarbonate ($HCO_3$) concentration was significantly high (p<0.05) except day three and day four. Acute heat exposure in the first day increased the body temperature in both groups (Light and Dark) reaching $44^{\circ}C$, followed by gradual reduction in body temperature. The dark treated birds showed rapid reduction in body temperature ($42.88^{\circ}C$) and adaptation to high temperature during days 2-4 but that this was lost to some extent in days 6-8. However this was not obvious in the light treated birds. It is concluded that darkness reduce hyperthermia and enhance acclimatization responses during acute heat stress.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.693-702
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity and distance of the Korean native black goat line. Thus far, this Korean native black goat line has not been studied intensively, especially in genetic diversity and relationship studies in comparison with other breeds. In total, eleven microsatellite (MS) markers were used to evaluate alleles from 391 Korean native black goats and foreign hybrid animals. The genetic diversity index was evaluated based on the allele distributions. Four Korean native black goat lines showed expected ranges of observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, and polymorphism information content (PIC) values for use in genetic diversity research (0.509 - 0.643, 0.434 - 0.623 and 0.356 - 0.567). Lines from the Korean native black goat and foreign hybrid were clearly separated according to principal coordinates analysis (PCoA), phylogenetic tree and tended to be clustered in each Korean native black goat line. Thus, this study can be used for analyzing the genetic relationships between Korean native black goats and foreign breeds for line preservation and for fundamental information to determine breed improvement strategies.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.742-753
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• 2012

Copper-containing compounds are introduced into the environment through agricultural chemicals, mining, and metal industries and cause severe detrimental effects on ecosystems. Certain microorganisms exposed to these stressors exhibit molecular mechanisms to maintain intracellular copper homeostasis and avoid toxicity. We have previously reported that the soil bacterial isolate Achromobacter sp. AO22 is multi-heavy metal tolerant and exhibits a mer operon associated with a Tn21 type transposon. The present study reports that AO22 also hosts a unique cop locus encoding copper homeostasis determinants. The putative cop genes were amplified from the strain AO22 using degenerate primers based on reported cop and pco sequences, and a constructed 10,552 base pair contig (GenBank Accession No. GU929214). BLAST analyses of the sequence revealed a unique cop locus of 10 complete open reading frames, designated copSRABGOFCDK, with unusual separation of copCD from copAB. The promoter areas exhibit two putative cop boxes, and copRS appear to be transcribed divergently from other genes. The putative protein CopA may be a copper oxidase involved in export to the periplasm, CopB is likely extracytoplasmic, CopC may be periplasmic, CopD is cytoplasmic/inner membrane, CopF is a P-type ATPase, and CopG, CopO, and CopK are likely copper chaperones. CopA, B, C, and D exhibit several potential copper ligands and CopS and CopR exhibit features of two-component regulatory systems. Sequences flanking indicate the AO22 cop locus may be present within a genomic island. Achromobacter sp. strain AO22 is thus an ideal candidate for understanding copper homeostasis mechanisms and exploiting them for copper biosensor or biosorption systems.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1987

Respiratory care with oxygen inhalation is often a necessity to maintain life, and it is one of the important therapeutic adjuncts in respiratory disease and in intensive care after surgery. However, it has been reported that oxygen toxicity occurs after prolonged exposure to 100% 0, [Smith, 1899; Kistler et al. 1967; Schaffner et al. 1967; Rowland and Newman, 1969. Subjective symptoms of oxygen toxicity include tracheal irritation, frequent cough, some burning sensation in the trachea, tachypnea, severe dyspnea, etc. [Welch, 1963; Fisher et al, 1968; Milier et al, 1970; Clark and Lambertsen, 1971; Sackner, 1975]. Pathologic findings are atelectasis, injuries to the pulmonary capillaries and hemorrhage in the alveoli in gross specimens. There can be inflammation, proliferation of fibrin, thickening of alveolar membranes, degeneration of collagen fibers and interstitial edema in the microscopic findings. [Penrod, 1956; Cedergren, 1959; Bean, 1965; Schaffner, 1967]. Dubois and colleagues [1961] found that the amount of pulmonary surfactant was decreased in oxygen toxicity and atelectasis followed by the decreased pulmonary surfactant. Many authors reported that vital capacity, inspiratory force, pulmonary compliance, pulmonary capillary blood flow and pulmonary elasticity were deceased and arteriovenous shunting increased. [Comroe et al, 1945; Fuson et al, 1965; Kistler et al, 1966; Knowles and Blenner-hassett, 1967; Barber et al, 1978]. Many human volunteers were examined after prolonged exposure in a high oxygenated chamber and there were a few reports on animals with oxygen toxicity, subjects including rabbits. Gas partial pressures of alveoli and arteries were measured in rabbits exposed to 100% $O_2$ and the alveolar-arterial gas gradients were analyzed, which is the basis for the study of oxygen toxicity. These rabbits were divided into two groups; rabbits under natural respiration, and second group under artificial respiration with a respirator. The alveolar $PO_2$ [$P]AO_2$] and $PCO_2$ [$PACO_2$], and the arterial $PO_2$ [$PaO_2$] were measured under varying $O_2$ pressures; 15% $O_2$, 21% $O_2$ and 100% $O_2$.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2005

Objective: To investigate the histologic features of the uterus and adnexae extirpated from gender identity disorder (GID) patients that received depot androgen injection. Methods: We reviewed the histologic findings of the uterus and adnexae removed from sixteen GID patients, who had taken depot androgen injection for 5~168 months. Results: Fourteen patients (87.5%) showed the atrophied epithelium of exocervix and all of 16 patients (100%) showed the atrophy of endometrium. Seven patients (43.7%) showed multiple cystic follicles in the ovarian cortex and 6 patients (37.5%), 3 patients (18.7%) showed corpus albicans and corpus luteum, respectively. Conclusions: Exogenous androgen induced atrophy of cervix and endometrium. This effect was more prominent in the endometrium. In addition, PCO-like histologic features were observed in the ovary.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.343-346
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• 2007

Hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery is a rare congenital anomaly. Agenesis, aplasia, and hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery [ICA] are frequently associated with cerebral aneurysms in the circle of Willis. Authors report two cases with congenital hypoplasia of the ICA accompanying with the aneurysms. Transfemoral cerebral angiography [TFCA] in one patient identified nonvisualization of the left ICA. Bilateral anterior cerebral artery [ACA] and middle cerebral artery [MCA] were supplied from the right ICA accompanying with two aneurysms at anterior communicating artery [AcoA] and A1 portion of the left ACA. TFCA in another patient demonstrated hypoplastic left ICA and left ACA filled from the right ICA accompanying with AcoA aneurysm. Left MCA was filled from basilar artery via posterior communicating artery [PcoA]. Skull base computed tomography [CT] in two patients showed hypoplastic carotid canal. Authors performed direct aneurysmal neck clipping. Follow up CT angiography [CTA] at one year after surgery did not show regrowth or new development of the aneurysm. In patients with hypoplastic ICA, neurosurgeons should be aware of the possibility of development of the aneurysms, presumably because of hemodynamic process. Direct aneurysmal neck clipping is a good treatment modality. After operation, regular CTA, magnetic resonance angiography [MRA] or TFCA is needed to find progressive lesion and to prevent cerebrovascular attack [CVA].

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.2 s.149
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• pp.157-163
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• 2007

Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. is a kind of 64 endangered plant species designated by the Ministry of Environment in Korea. It is very a rare native plant throughout the country. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the native T. tschonoskii in Ulleung Island for their distribution and ecological characteristics. They were mostly distributed valley, mid-slope of the mountain from 186 to 458 m altitude. They had a little low light conditions as they faced west, north west, south west, south-south west, north-north east and east-east north. They were provided with slightly humid condition. Aerial humidities of these quadrates were variable as 21.5-71%. They were located on the variable slopes of 5 to 43 degrees. Soil humidity was slightly dry. Native sites were semi-shaded because tree layer such as Tilia insularis, Zelkova serrata, okamotoanum etc.and sub-tall tree layer such as Ligustrum foliosum, Comellia japonica, Tilia insularis, Callicarpa japonica and so on were grown near by. Woody plants such as A. Okamotoanum, Sorbus commixta, Fagus japonica var. multinervis etc. were frequently observed. These environmental conditions were suitable that T. tschonoskii grows up naturally because of high Percentage as 52.78% of blooming individuals in this study. These native sites were classified with three communities, T. tschonoskii-Majanthemum dilatatum community, T. tschonoskii-Anthriscus sylvestris community and T. tschonoskii-Hepatica maxima community in accordance with altitude and aerial humidity. The best way ffr the preservation of T. tschonoskii habitats and maintainance of its recent population is maintained in recent environmental condition and ecological condition without any management by human-being.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.154-161
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• 2021

A number of Korean Chicken breeds were registered in Domestic Animal Diversity Information System (DAD-IS, http://dad.fao.org/) of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Evaluation of genetic diversity and relationship of local breeds is an important factor towards the identification of unique and valuable genetic resources. Therefore, this study aimed to analysis the genetic diversity and relationship of 22 Korean Chicken breeds using 12 microsatellite (MS) markers. The mean number of alleles for each variety was 5.52, ranging from a 3.75 (Leghorn F; NF) to a 7.0 (Ross). The most diverse breed was the Hanhyup3 (HCC), which had the highest expected heterozygosity (H_Exp) (0.754) and polymorphic information content (PIC) (0.711). The NF was the least diverse population, having the lowest H_Exp (0.467) and PIC (0.413). As a result of the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) and factorial correspondence analysis (FCA) confirmed that Hy-line Brown (HL) and Lohmann Brown (LO) are very close to each other and that Leghorn and Rhode Island Red (RIR) are clearly distinguished from other groups. Thus, the reliability and power of identification using 12 types of MS markers were improved, and the genetic diversity and probability of individual discrimination were confirmed through statistical analysis. This study is expected to be used as basic data for the identification of Korean chicken breeds, and our results indicated that these multiplex PCR marker sets will have considerable applications in population genetic structure analysis.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.895-908
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• 2023

Disposal of waste containing heavy metals into the environment is a major threat to human health and can result in toxic or chronic poisoning in aquatic life. In the current study, metal-resistant Raoultella ornithinolytica was isolated from metal-contaminated samples collected from the Tanjaro River, located southwest of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. R. ornithinolytica was identified by partial amplification of 16S rRNA. The uptake potency of heavy metals was assessed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and indicated that R. ornithinolytica removed 67, 89, 63.4, 55.6, 56.5, 65, and 61.9% of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Fe, respectively. These removal rates were influenced by temperature, pH, and contact time; at 35℃ and pH 5 with a change in the incubation time, the reduction rate improved from 89 to 95% for Pb, from 36.4 to 45% for Cu, and from 55.6 to 64% for Ni. Gene analysis indicated that R. ornithinolytica contained pbrT, chrB, nccA, iroN, and czcA genes, but the pcoD gene was absent. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) images showed evidence of metal ion binding on the cell wall surface with different rates of binding. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) detected different mechanisms for metal particle localization; cell surface adsorption was the main mechanism for Pb, Zn, and Co uptake, while Cd, Ni, and Fe were accumulated inside the cell. The current study describes, for the first time, the isolation of R. ornithinolytica from metal-contaminated water, which can be used as an eco-friendly biological expedient for the remediation and detoxification of metals from contaminated environments.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.1295-1300
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• 2010

The $CO_2-CH_4$ reaction catalyzed by Ni/silicon wafers was kinetically studied by using a photoacoustic technique. The catalytic reaction was performed at various partial pressures of $CO_2$ and $CH_4$ (50 Torr total pressure of $CO_2/CH_4/N_2$) in the temperature range of 500 - $650^{\circ}C$ in a static reactor system. The photoacoustic signal that varied with the $CO_2$ concentration during the catalytic reaction was recorded as a function of time. Under the reaction conditions, the $CO_2$ photoacoustic measurements showed the as-prepared Ni thin film sample to be inactive for the reaction, while the $CO_2/CH_4$ reactions carried out in the presence of the sample pre-treated in $H_2$ at $600^{\circ}C$ were associated with significant time-dependent changes in the $CO_2$ photoacoustic signal. The rate of $CO_2$ disappearance was measured from the $CO_2$ photoacoustic signal data in the early reaction period of 50 - 150 sec to obtain precise kinetic data. The apparent activation energy for $CO_2$ consumption was determined to be 6.9 kcal/mol from the $CO_2$ disappearance rates. The partial reaction orders, determined from the $CO_2$ disappearance rates measured at various $PCO{_2}'S$ and $PCH{_4}'S$ at $600^{\circ}C$, were determined to be 0.33 for $CH_4$ and 0.63 for $CO_2$, respectively. Kinetic data obtained in these measurements were compared with previous works and were discussed to construct a catalytic reaction mechanism for the $CO_2-CH_4$ reaction over Ni/silicon wafer at low pressures.