• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2002

It is extremely important to minimize network access time in constructing a high-performance PC cluster system For an SCI based PC cluster it is possilbe to reduce the network access time by maintaining network cache in each cluster node, This paper presents a CC-NUMA card that utilizes network cache for SCI based PC clustering The CC-NUMA card is directly plugged into the PCI solot of each node, and contains shared memory network cache, and interconnection modules. The network cache is maintained for the shared memory on the PCI bus of cluster nodes. The coherency mechanism between the network cache and the shared memory is based on the IEEE SCI standard. A CC-NUMA prototype card is developed to evaluate the performance of the system. According to the experiments. the cluster system with the CC-NUMA card showed considerable improvements compared with an SCI based clustser without network cache.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.216-229
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aims to investigate trends of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor profiles over 17 years in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients at the Mayo Clinic. Methods: We performed a time-trend analysis within the Mayo Clinic PCI Registry from 1994 to 2010. Results were the incidence and prevalence of CVD risk factors as estimate by the Framingham risk score. Results: Between 1994 and 2010, 25 519 patients underwent a PCI. During the time assessed, the mean age at PCI became older, but the gender distribution did not change. A significant trend towards higher body mass index and more prevalent hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes was found over time. The prevalence of current smokers remained unchanged. The prevalence of ever-smokers decreased among males, but increased among females. However, overall CVD risk according to the Framingham risk score (FRS) and 10-year CVD risk significantly decreased. The use of most of medications elevated from 1994 to 2010, except for ${\beta}$-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decreased after 2007 and 2006 in both baseline and discharge, respectively. Conclusions: Most of the major risk factors improved and the FRS and 10-year CVD risk declined in this population of PCI patients. However, obesity, history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, and medication use increased substantially. Improvements to blood pressure and lipid profile management because of medication use may have influenced the positive trends.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2002

Physiological Cost Index (PCI) of walking has been widely used to predict oxygen consumption in healthy subjects or patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictability of physiological cost index of walking for the amount of exercise and cardiac function. Walking exercise was conducted in 67 healthy children (age 4-12) with a self-selected comfortable walking speed on the level surface. Walking speed was calculated, and heart rate was measured before and immediately after the walking. PCI was calculated for statistical analysis. The results were as follows; 1) The walking speed tends to increase and PCI of walking tends to decrease with age. There was significant difference in walking speed and PCI of walking among three age groups (p<.05). The change of walking heart rate tends to decrease with age, however, there was no significant difference among three age groups. 2) Linear regression equation between walking speed and age was 'Y (walking speed) = 2.124X (age) + 48.286' ($R^2$=.337), (p=.00). 3) The walking heart rate tends to decrease with age. Linear regression equation between walking heart rate and age was 'Y (walking heart rate) = 143.346 - 2.63X (age)' ($R^2$=.3425), (p=.00). 4) The walking heart rate decreased as body surface area (BSA) increased. Linear regression equation between walking heart rate and BSA was 'Y (walking heart rate) = 149.830 - 27.115X (BSA)' ($R^2$=.3066), (p=.00). In conclusion, these equations and PCI could be useful to quantify the variation of energy expenditure of children with pathological gait when compared with age-matched healthy children.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.716-725
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• 2004

It is extremely important to minimize network access time in constructing a high-performance PC cluster system. For PC cluster systems, it is possible to reduce network access time by maintaining network cache in each cluster node. This paper presents a Network Cache Coherent NUMA (NCC-NUMA) system to utilize network cache by locating shared memory on the PCI bus, and the NCC-NUMA card which is core module of the NCC-NUMA system is developed. The NCC-NUMA card is directly plugged into the PCI slot of each node, and contains shared memory, network cache, shared memory control module and network control module. The network cache is maintained for the shared memory on the PCI bus of cluster nodes. The coherency mechanism between the network cache and the shared memory is based on the IEEE SCI standard. According to the SPLASH-2 benchmark experiments, the NCC-NUMA system showed improvements of 56% compared with an SCI-based cluster without network cache.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.17-27
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• 1993

To investigate the relationship between radiosensitivity and postirradiation recovery in human cancer cells, a study was performed using human cancer cell lines-A549, CaSki, SNU-C5 and PCI-13. For the study of radiosensitivity, single doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 Gy were given and for postirradiation recovery, two fractions of 4 Gy were separated with a time interval of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, or 6 hours. Surviving fraction was estimated using colony forming ability. Surviving fractions at 2 Gy (SF2) were 0.496 (0.570-0.412) for A549, 0.496 (0.660-0.332) for CaSki, 0.386 (0.576-0.216) for SNU-C5, and 0.185 (0.247-0.123) for PCI-13. By statistical analysis the SF2 of PCI-13 was lower significantly than those of others (p<0.05). This difference was also observed at 4, 6 and 8 Gy dose levels. At 6 and 8 Gy the surviving fractions of SNU-C5 were also lower significantly than A549 and CaSki (p<0.05). By the analysis with linear quadratic model, the values of ${\alpha}$ for A549, CaSki, SNU-C5 and PCI-13 were 0.3016, 0.3212, 0.4327 and 0.8423, respectively, and those of ${\beta}$ were 0.02429, 0.02009, 0.03349 and 0.00059, respectively. So, the value of ${\alpha}$ showed increasing tendency with decreasing SF2. By the multitarget single hit model the values of Do for A549, CaSki, SUN-C5 and PCI-13 were 1.97, 1.97, 1.46 and 0.81, respectively, and those of n were 1.53, 1.50, 1.56 and 2.28, respectively. So, the value of Do decreased with decreasing SF2. Post-irradiation recovery reached plateau at around 2 hours. Recovery ratio at plateau phase ranged from 1.2 to 4.2; the value were 1.2 for PCI-13, 3.2 for CaSki, 3.3 for SNU-C5, and 4.2 for A549. Recovery rate well correlated with SF2, and increased with increasing Do and decreasing ${\alpha}$. According to above results, the intrinsic radiosensitivity was quite different among the tested cell lines; PCI-13 was the most sensitive and A549 and CaSki was similar. This difference of radiosensitivity is thought to be partly due to the difference in amount of postirradiation recovery. By linear quadratic model the difference of ${\alpha}$ values was very high, and by multitarget single hit model the difference of Do value was significantly high among four cell lines.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Communication Sciences Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.421-421
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• 2004

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.1684-1688
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• 2003

In this paper, position and speed control algorithm of LSM (Linear Stepping Motor) using general-purpose PCI I/O board is discussed. The main purpose of this paper is to show that LSM controller can be established on the non real time operating system such as Microsoft Win2000 under the assumption that thread priority strategy is well designed. We can guarantee sampling interval less than 5msec based on the Pentium III microprocessor. Therefore this kind of LSM controller development environment makes shorten the prior research period needed to verify the validness of the proposed control strategy. We also introduce the tool of the real-time windows target system of matlab, which also makes shorten the prior research period. The main focus of this paper is on developing general purpose NT device driver which can drive the general purpose PCI board and applying it for implementing the hardware interface for 2- axis linear stepping motor control. From the experimental results show that the developed LSM controller guarantee 2 micrometer resolution in position control with 10cm/sec moving speed

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 1969

The concentration of Strontium-90 in liquid whole milk produced in Korea were measured during past four years. The samples of milk were purchased from dairies in Seoul. Strontium-90 was analysed radiochemically and the amount of stable calcium was also determined. Radioactivity of Yttrium-90 was counted in low background beta counter which has the background of 1.38 cpm. The concentrations of Strontium-90 in the milk are 25.1 PCi $^{90}Sr$/g.Ca in 1965, 26.8 PCi $^{90}Sr$/g. Ca in 1966, 13.7 PCi 90Sr/g.Ca in 1967 and 18.2 PCi $^{90}Sr$/g.Ca in 1968 in annual average. The concentrations of Strontium-90 in the milk of 1967 and of 1968 were decreased approximately compared with the values of 60% 1965 and 1966. From the results we can see that Strontium-90 concentrations in the milk vary roughly proportionally with the specific activity of fallout. Considering on the safety problems, the Strontium-90 levels in the milk produced in Korea were far below the maximum permissible level recommended by ICRP.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.47-52
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• 2016

This paper covers the importance of a dedicated Power Line Filter implementation against HEMP(High altitude ElectroMagnetic Pulse) threats caused by high altitude nuclear detonations. As the PCI test results for E1 short pulse with 2500[A], only HEMP filter obtained the required residual current around 8[A], but others didn't meet below 10[A] on MIL-STD-188-125 PCI regulation. Consequently, the development of a dedicated power line filter turned out to be a essential element in order to protect the power related system against HEMP transient.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.207-220
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• 2009

A large number of phone calls and data services will take place in indoor environments. In Long Term Evolution (LTE), femtocell, as a home base station for indoor coverage extension and wideband data service, has recently gained significant interests from operators and consumers. Since femtocell is frequently turned on and off by a personal owner, not by a network operator, one of the key issues is that femtocell should be identified autonomously without system information to support handover from macrocell to femtocell. In this paper, we propose a dynamic reservation scheme of Physical Cell Identities (PCI) for 3GPP LTE femtocell systems. There are several reserving types, and each type reserves a different number of PCIs for femtocell. The transition among the types depends on the deployed number of femtocells, or the number of PCI confusion events. Accordingly, flexible use of PCIs can decrease PCI confusion. This reduces searching time for femtocell, and it is helpful for the quick handover from macrocell to femtocell. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme reduces average delay for identifying detected cells, and increases network capacity within equal delay constraints.