• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.442-453
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• 2013

Objectives This case study was about a Taeeumin patient with advanced Parkinson's disease diagnosed as Dry-heat symptomatic pattern. In this study, we reported significant improvement of motor and non-motor symptoms of this patient after Sasang constitutional medicine treatment. Methods The patient was diagnosed with Taeeumin Dry-heat symptomatic pattern and treated with Taeeumin's constitutional medications and acupuncture. The primary outcome measure for this study is Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS) to assess the overall function of patient. Secondary outcome assessments include Global Assessment Scale(GAS), change of patient's sleep, stool and urine. Results and Conclusions The patient treated with Taeeumin's constitutional medications and acupuncture had reduction in UPDRS (specifically Part II, Part III and Part IV) and GAS of motor symptoms. Furthermore, patient's sleep, stool and urine were reported to be normal after treatment. In conclusion, this study shows that Sasang constitutional medicine can be effective treatment for Taeeumin patient with Advanced Parkinson's disease diagnosed as Dry-heat symptomatic pattern.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.173-182
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• 2019

Background: Patient reported outcome measures assess clinical progress from the patient's perspective. This study explored the relationship between shoulder outcome measures (The Disability of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH], American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Standard Shoulder Assessment score [ASES], and Constant score) by comparing the best possible scores obtained in an asymptomatic population compared to overall perception of health, as measured by the SF-36 outcome measure. Methods: Volunteers (age range, 20-69 years) with asymptomatic shoulders and no history of shoulder pain, injury, surgery, imaging, or pathology (bilaterally) were included. The DASH and ASES measures were completed by 111 volunteers (72 female, 39 male), of which 92 completed the Constant score (56 female, 36 male). The SF-36 was completed by all volunteers (level of evidence: IV case series). Results: The mean (${\bar{x}}$) score for ASES measure on the right shoulder was higher for the left-hand dominant side (${\bar{x}}=100.00$ vs. 95.02, p-value<0.001); no other significant differences. Better SF-36 scores were associated with better DASH scores. Our prediction models suggest that perception of overall health affects the DASH scores. Sex affected all three shoulder measures scores. Conclusions: Comparing scores of shoulder outcome measures to the highest possible score is not the most informative way to interpret patient progress. Variables such as health status, sex, and hand dominance need to be considered. Furthermore, it is possible to use these variables to predict scores of outcome measures, which facilitates the healthcare provider to deliver individualized care to their patients.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.352-359
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• 2022

Background Breast augmentation with implants is the most commonly performed cosmetic plastic surgery in Brazil and worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction and quality of life following subpectoral breast augmentation with either microtextured or macrotextured implants, using the BREAST-Q. Methods A prospective study was conducted with 40 women with hypomastia undergoing subpectoral breast augmentation. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups to receive either microtextured or macrotextured breast implants. All participants were assessed preoperatively (baseline) and after 2 and 4 months of surgery for quality of life and patient satisfaction with the surgical results, using the BREAST-Q augmentation module, a patient-reported outcome measure. Results The patients had a mean age of 28.9 ± 6.45 years. The microtextured (n = 20) and macrotextured (n = 20) groups were homogeneous for sex, age, education level, marital status, and number of children (p > 0.05). Both groups showed significant improvement in satisfaction with breasts (p < 0.001), psychosocial well-being (p < 0.001), and sexual well-being (p < 0.001) at the 2- and 4-month follow-up visits compared with baseline. The observed improvements were associated with high effect size values of 5.09, 3.44, and 3.90, respectively. In contrast, significant decreases from baseline in physical well-being scores (p = 0.001) were found 2 and 4 weeks after surgery in both groups. Conclusion Subpectoral breast augmentation with either microtextured or macrotextured breast implants improved satisfaction with breasts and quality of life in patients with hypomastia.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Dental Administration
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2022

The Primary Care Patient Measure of Safety (PC-PMOS) is a measure of safety that allows patients to evaluate contributing factors related to patient safety in primary care. This study aimed to examine which questionnaire items of the PC-PMOS could be used in Korean dental institutions. A survey of the Korean translation of the PC-PMOS, a self-reported questionnaire, was conducted in August 2022 by 400 adults who had used dental-care services within the last three years. Of the 77 items, 34 were selected using principal component analysis and two experts' evaluations based on face validity. Five domains were identified from factor analysis: patient centeredness, patient information update, complaint processing, communication, and information about the complaint process. The Cronbach's alpha of the data was 0.913, indicating high reliability. As a result of the generalized multiple regression analysis, regression coefficients were not statistically significant, except for household income. This indicated that there was no bias in the patient safety scores of dental institutions evaluated by patients within the range of independent variables used in this study. The five domains with 34 items identified in this study suggested the factors that contribute to the safety of patients who used dental care services in Korea. However, validation of this study result is still important to refine questionnaires suitable for dental institutions in Korea so as to further improve the quality of dental care.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.488-493
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• 2022

Background Currently, the BREAST-Q can effectively measure patient's satisfaction on the quality of life from the patient's perspective in relation to different type of breast reconstruction. However, evaluation of patient satisfaction and cosmetic outcomes in breast reconstruction may have potential to led bias. Methods To maximize the benefits of using BREAST-Q to evaluate clinical outcome, we performed comparative study focused on the correlation between postoperative BREAST-Q and cosmetic outcomes assessed by medical professionals. For the current analysis, we used three postoperative BREAST-Q scales (satisfaction with breast, psychosocial well-being, and sexual well-being). The Ten-Point Scale by Visser et al was applied to provide reproducible grading of the postoperative cosmetic outcomes of the breast. The system includes six subscales that measured overall aesthetic outcome, volume, shape, symmetry, scarring, and nipple-areolar complex. The photographic assessments were made by five medical professionals who were shown photographs on a computer screen in a random order. Obtained data were stored in Excel and evaluated by Spearman's correlations using SPSS Statistics. Results We enrolled 92 women in this study, 10 did not respond to all scales of postoperative BREAST-Q, the remaining 82 women had undergone breast reconstruction. The correlation between BREAST-Q score and aesthetic score measured by Ten-Point Scale for the three BREAST-Q scales all show positive values in Spearman's correlation coefficient. Conclusion A significant correlation without any bias observed was found between the patient's satisfaction measured by BREAST-Q after breast reconstruction and the medical expert's aesthetic evaluation.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2001

Objectives : To compare the multiple outcomes of patients with cataract surgery at perioperative time,3-4 months and 12 months after surgery and to assess patient outcomes associated with visual improvement(visual acuity of operated eye, visual function-14(VF-14), symptom score). Methods : For this assessment, a prospective study was conducted with 389 patients who had undergone cataract surgery for either one eye or both eyes. The surgery was peformed by 20 ophthalmologists who were practicing at university hospitals and general hospitals. Patients were interviewed and clinical data were obtained. Doctors were questioned with self-reported questionnaire forms. Medical records were examined in order to measure variables related to the surgical process such as surgical methods and ocular comorbidity. The survey was 'conducted at 4 stages' : preoperative time(389 cases), perioperative time(344 cases, 88.4%), postoperative 3-4 months (343 cases, 88.2%), and postoperative 12 months (281 cases, 72.2%). After excluding cases with incomplete data, 198 cases were enrolled in the study. Patient outcomes was measured for any improvement in the functional outcomes(visual acuity of operated eye, visual function, symptom score) at postoperative 3-4 months. Results : The visual acuity(operated, weighted average), symptom score, VF-14 score, satisfaction with vision, and subjective health status were shown to be improved at the perioperative time, postoperative 3-4 months and 12 mouths. An improvement in the Snellen visual acuity score was observed in 190 patients(96.0%), whereas improvements of the VF-14 score and cataract symptom sure were observed in 151 patients(76.3%) and 179 patients(90.4%), respectively. All three outcome measures demonstrated improvement in 137 patients(09.2%). The improvement of the three functional outcomes at 3-4 months after receiving surgery was associated with a lower level of visual function and a higher level of cataract symptom score at perioperative time, as well as a greater experience level of the surgeon. Conclusions : In this study, the estimates of the proportion of patients benefiting from cataract surgery varied with the outcome measure of benefit. Preoperative VF-14 score, a measure of functional impairment related to vision, and symptom score may be better measures of the benefit derived from cataract surgery than the change in visual acuity.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.23-41
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• 2023

Objectives This study is aimed to develop criteria for assessing the health level of cancer survivors through patient reported outcome based on sasang constitutional symtomology. Methods As a result of the researchers' meetings and the first round of expert group consultation, the constitutional health level assessment items that would be common to all Sasang constitutions were extracted, and constitutional health level assessment items for cancer survivors were selected. A second round of expert group consultation was conducted to determine the importance and weighting of these items for each constitution. Results & Conclusions For soeumin, the importance ranking and calculated weight were as follows: 'I had sweats even when I was not hot or exercising.(1st, 4.09)', 'I had night sweats while sleeping(2nd, 3.94)', 'I lost weight.(3rd, 3. 75)', etc. For soyangin, as follows: 'I had night sweats while sleeping.(1st, 3.08)', 'I had vomiting.(2nd, 3.02)', 'I felt hot flashes in the afternoon or at night. (3rd, 2.73)', etc. For taeumin, as follows: 'I was out of breath.(1st, 3.48)', 'My heart was pounding for no reason.(2nd, 3.45)', 'My body was swollen.(3rd, 3.22)', etc. For taeyangins, as follows: 'I couldn't urinate well.(1st, 4.49)', 'I vomited(2nd, 4.44).', 'My upper abdomen were hard.(3rd, 3. 14)', etc. Based on the results, we developed a draft of a questionnaire to assess the Sasang constitutional health level of cancer survivors, weighted for each item.

• Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.584-592
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• 2018

Background/Aims There is uncertainty about how to measure outcomes reported by patients in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This study was conducted to develop an instrument and to determine of the definition of respondent for a patient reported outcomes to assess the efficacy of a treatment used for GERD treatment. Methods A structural process has developed a self-evaluation questionnaire for GERD (SEQ-GERD); health-related quality of life questionnaire for GERD (GERD-QOL) was translated through cross-cultural validation. Two-week reproducibility was evaluated and construct validity was assessed by correlating the SEQ-GERD with the Patient Assessment of Gastrointestinal Disorders (PAGI-SYM), the reflux disease questionnaire (RDQ), and GERD-QOL. Changes in SEQ-GERD scores were compared to assess the discriminative validity following 4 weeks of proton pump inhibitor administration. Results A total of 83 Korean patients were included (mean age $46{\pm}14$ years, females 61.4%). The internal consistency of the 19-item SEQ-GERD was good (alpha = 0.60-0.94) and the test-retest reliability was high (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.67-0.95). The SEQ-GERD highly correlated with the GERD domain of the PAGI-SYM (correlation coefficient r = 0.894, P < 0.001), the RDQ-GERD (r = 0.877, P < 0.001), and GERD-QOL (r = -0.536, P < 0.05). SEQ-GERD scores significantly varied according to the overall treatment effectiveness scale of drug responsiveness and significantly decreased after drug treatment (mean differences according to the overall treatment effectiveness scale, P = 0.020). Conclusion This study supports that SEQ-GERD is reliable and valid, and can be used to evaluate the treatment response in patients with GERD.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

Purpose: The patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) is used to quantify the subjective state of patients before and after the treatment. The electronic method was recently developed and used for the completion of PROM, in addition to the conventional paper and pencil method. This study identified whether the results of Foot Function Index (FFI) and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS) using the paper and pencil method was different from those using the electronic method. Materials and Methods: Between May 2016 and August 2016, 42 patients who were admitted to the Seoul Foot and Ankle Center two days before surgery were included for evaluation. The mean age was 46 years (range, 21~72 years). There were 29 males and 13 females. To use the electronic method, the PADAS software (PADAS, Seoul, Korea) was implemented using a touch pad. The primary trial of FFI and FAOS was performed using either the paper-and-pencil method or the electronic method. At 24 hours after the primary test, a secondary trial of FFI and FAOS was performed using the other method. Then, we identified the reliability of FFI and FAOS between the two methods by calculating the intraclass coefficient. Results: Twenty-two patients underwent the first trial using the paper-and-pencil method, and 20 patients underwent the first trial using the electronic method. Of the 42 patients, 8 patients were excluded from this study and only 34 patients were included in this study. The reliability of FFI was excellent with an intraclass coefficient of 0.957, and the reliability of FAOS was also excellent with an intraclass coefficient of 0.840. Conclusion: The paper-and-pencil method and the electronic method have the same result for the completion of FFI and FAOS in this study. Therefore, it is commonly considered that the completion of FFI and FAOS using the electronic method can be applied in practice.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.71-78
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention [Swanson, Nolan and Pelham, version IV (SNAP-IV)] and anger [Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Anger] for parents and guardians of children aged 6-17 years. Methods: We included 104 children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ADHD with anxiety and depression, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and tic disorder with somatic symptoms (ADHD=41, depression=9, anxiety=14, ADHD+anxious depression=11, tic+somatic symptoms=29). Their ages ranged from 8 years to 15 years. The participants' mothers completed the SNAP-IV, PROMIS Anger scale, Korean version of the IOWA Conners Rating Scale (K-IOWA), and Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS) so that the reliability and validity of the SNAP-IV and PROMIS Anger scales, which are DSM-5 scales for assessing inattention and anger of children and adolescents, could be examined. Results: The reliability coefficient of SNAP-IV (Cronbach's α) was 0.94. The correlation coefficients between SNAP-IV, K-IOWA inattention, and K-ARS inattention scores ranged from 0.73 to 0.86. The mean SNAP-IV scores of the ADHD and the ADHD+anxious depression groups were significantly higher than those of the anxiety and the tic+somatic symptoms groups. The reliability coefficient of the PROMIS Anger was 0.91. The correlation coefficient between PROMIS Anger and K-IOWA oppositional/defiant scores was 0.75. The PROMIS Anger mean score of the ADHD+anxious depression group tended to be higher than that of the other groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that the Korean version of the DSM-5 Level 2 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure-inattention and anger for parent and guardian of child age 6-17 might be a reliable and valid test and may be useful for screening children and adolescents with ADHD.