• Anxiety and mood
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2010

Objective : This study compared the psychological stresses of depressed patients' families with those of schizophrenic patients' families. We investigated the influence of depressive patients' clinical features and their families' demographic characteristics on the families' depressive symptoms and stresses. Methods : Participants were 23 family members of depressed patients and 20 family members of schizophrenic patients. We measured the patients' clinical features (duration of illness, number of previous hospitalizations, and satisfaction with medication), and each family member's socioeconomic status and psychological characteristics (depressive mood, anxiety, family stress, and stress response), analyzing the data via independent t-test, chi-square test, and correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results : The depressed patients' average clinical global impression (CGI) was significantly higher than that of the schizophrenic patients. The depressed patients' family members showed stress responses significantly higher than those of schizophrenic patients' family members. Furthermore, in depressed patients, frequency of hospitalization was positively correlated with family members' stat anxiety. For both patient types, family stress was positively correlated with the patient's severity of illness and the family's state anxiety, trait anxiety, and stress response ; socioeconomic status was positively correlated with the family's depressive symptoms ; the family's state anxiety positively correlated with the family's trait anxiety and stress response ; and the family's trait anxiety positively correlated with the family's stress response. Socioeconomic status predicted the family's depressive symptoms, and socioeconomic, illness severity and stress response predicted family stress. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both depressed patients' families and schizophrenic patients' families suffer from psychological stress. The study data also have important clinical implications, in that families of depressed patients need psychiatric intervention, as well as the patients themselves. In particular, family intervention should focus on psycho-education and stress coping strategies.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.60-73
• /
• 2000

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to describe a total pain model in patients with terminal cancer and to identify factors relating to total pain using the Twycross Pain Management Model, which included physical, psycho-social and spiritual pain. Method : The study was a retrospective descriptive study. The first stage included 87 patients who received hospice service at Y hospital in 1997. The second stage included five model patients who suffer severe pain as selected by the four hospice nurses. Data collection was from 1) chart analysis and 2) in-depth interviews with the hospice nurses about their selected patients. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-WIN and content analysis. Result : 1) The main problems of 3 patient with terminal cancer were pain(77%), constipation (25.3%), family coping(35.6%), psycho-spiritual distress(17.2%)and other symptoms. 2. The Twycross model was a useful model. However, new items were added; loneliness, depression, and no improvement in condition as depression factors. In anger, new items were anger due to family neglect, at God and in relationships. The case studies identified the followsing; 1) Patient suffer from physical pain as well as multiple other symptoms when cancer is advanced. 2) Body concept, role change, threat to self concept, fear of pain, fear of death, anxiety, family conflict, financial burden, spiritual distress, hope for a cure, are all affected. Conclusion : 1) It is believed that the Twycross model is useful but further tests and revisions are necessary for deciding priorities in the care plan. 2) Pain management must improve culturally appropriate and family support, psychological, spiritual care are imperative for patient with terminal cancer. 3) Further study is recommended to test correlations of depression, anxiety, spiritual distress and family coping using valid instruments. A qualitative study on the spiritual journey of the patient with terminal cancer is also recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.145-152
• /
• 2016

This study, targeting a cancer patient undergoing radiation treatment, conducted this research with the aim of looking into the relevance between family support belonging to a patient's primary environment, social support consisting of medical personnel, and the quality of life; this study set 199 patients available for investigation from Jan. 25, 2012 until April 30, 2012 as research subjects among the cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment at the Radiation Oncology Department of a university hospital located in Seoul Metropolitan City. In the analysis of collected data, this study conducted t-test using SPSS/WIN 18.0 Statistical Program, and looked into the relevancy between independent variables including social support, and the quality of life as a dependent variable using analysis of variance, correlation analysis and multi-regression analysis. Conclusively, it was found that the higher the family support perceived by a cancer patient undergoing radiation treatment, the higher the quality of his/her life; thus, this study could learn that there exists a significant relation between family support and the quality of life. Accordingly, it is thought that it's necessary to develop an intervention strategy which makes it possible to intensify family support and social support, etc. for the purpose of improving the quality of life of cancer patients undergoing radiation treatment; further, this study thinks that it's necessary to do additional research which could analyze diverse aspects by subdividing the future quality of life by area.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.709-728
• /
• 1995

The job related activities of sixty nine nurses, working in the emergency rooms of three university hospitals, were analyzed for six days according to preestablished checklist of nursing activities ; the frequency of these activities and the amount of time spent in each specific nursing activity. The established checklist was monitored every five minutes for the duration of the duty autu, thus producing 414 items of data. The data were not gathered on consecutive days but over the period of one month from May 6, 1994 to June 5, 1994. The following conclusions are derived from analysis of the data : 1. Twelve categories of nursing activities were obtained : The primary activity was communication related to the patient and all information pertaining to the patient. Other activities included maintaining the patient's record, observation and assessment of the patient, cooperation with other medical personnel, management of equipment and drugs, procedure and treatment, specimen collection, consultation and education for the patient, including drug management and personal hygiene and any other relevant education to the patient's condition. 2. The average frequency of categorized nursing activity can be classified as follows : communication related to patient was the highest at 17.6 times. The next was maintaining the patient's record at 17.3 times. The observation and assessment occurred 16.9 times. Consultation and education for patients and family, 8 times, medication, 5.7 times, and procedures and treatments, 6 times. 3. The average time required for each activity was as follows : 230.1 minutes (or maintaining the patient's record, 204.9 minutes for communication related to the patient, 199.2 minutes for observation and assessment, 71.2 minutes for medication, 66 minutes for consultation and education of the patient and family, and 51.8 minutes for procedures and treatment. 4. The most demanding nursing activity in the emergency room for the nurse was answering questions from the patient's family, maintaining communication between the medical staff, maintaining and reviewing the patient's charts, writing prescriptions and monitoring 1. V. infusion rates. 5. The most time consuming nursing activities for the emergency room nurse include maintaining and following the patient's charts, communication between the medical staff, answering questions from the patient's family, observation of the patient and relaying all of the appropriate patient information to the incoming nurses during a shift change. 6. The F-test was administered to measure the required time for the categorized nursing activities according to day, evening, and night-shift nurses. There were significant differences (p<.05) in specimen collection, observation and assessment, cooperation between medical staffs, personal hygiene, communication related to patient, education and re-search. Posterior multiple comparison test showed that specimen collection, cooperation between medical staffs and personal hygiene were mostly done by the evening-shift nurses. Also most observations and assessments were done by the night-shift nurses. Education and communication to patients were done by day-shift nurses. Thus there were significant difference between shifts for the main nursing activities. So there should considev a reallocation of the duty of nurses on each shift. 7. The F-test also indicated that there wes a similarity in time duration for procedures and treatments and for cooperation between medical staff and nurses in all three hospitals. However, the remaining categories of nursing activities also showed a significant difference between the three hospitals. This indicated that there were differences in each emergency room that influence time for each categorized nursing activities and this should be given more consideration. Recommendations : 1. A seasonal difference should be considered in the activities of nurses in the emergency room and a comparative analysis should be carried out to deter-mine seasonal differentiation. 2. A study on more objectively measurable nursing activities should be administered as well as one determining the subjective responds towards nursing activities in the emergency room.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.106-111
• /
• 2006

Purpose: In terminal cancer patients, pain control with narcotic analgesics and supportive care by hospice are very useful treatment modality. However, many patients and their caregivers are poorly compliant in using narcotic analgesics for fear of addiction and tolerance. And also many patients and family caregivers are reluctant to accept hospice, presuming that hospice means patient's condition is no longer reversible and progressively deteriorating. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and analyze the perception of using narcotic analgesics and hospice by family caregivers of terminal cancer patients who play a critical role in health care in Korean culture. Methods: A total of 54 terminal ranter patient's family caregivers participated in this study. Questionnaire consisted of 15 questions about narcotic analgesics and hospice. Results: The study revealed following results. 1) family caregivers who are not aware of hospice are more than half (56.7%). 2) 81.8% of family caregivers agreed that hospice care is beneficial to terminal cancer patients. 3) 85.1% of family caregivers were under financial burden. 4) 83.2% of patient complained pain in 24 hours. 3) while 88.5% of family caregivers believed that narcotic analgesics can control pair, 79.1% and 79.6% of them also believed that use of narcotic analgesics would result in addiction and tolerance, respectively. Conclusion: There still exist barriers to family caregivers in using narcotic analgesics for pain control. And also, terminal cancer patient's family caregivers have poor information about hospice. Therefore, educational intervention about narcotic analgesics by pharmacist and doctors are needed for proper pain control for terminal ranter patients. In addition, more precise information about hospice care should be provided for terminal cancer patients and their family caregivers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.40-49
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influencing factors on health behavior among patients with coronary artery disease. Method: The subjects were 95 patients who visited the out-patient department of a university hospital for follow-up. The four health belief concepts (motivation, benefit, barrier, seriousness), general self-efficacy, health behaviors on medication, diet, exercise, stress management, smoking, and drinking were measured. Result: There were significant differences in the health behavior scores of subjects according to family support and the experience of surgical procedure. Subjects were found to have a high degree of compliance in taking medication. However subjects reported the lowest degree of compliance in regular exercise. In the multiple regression analysis, surgical procedure and motivation were significant predictors to explain diet. Motivation and barrier were significant predictors to explain exercise. Self-efficacy, motivation and family support were significant predictors to explain stress management. Family support and seriousness explained 16% of variance in drinking. Also, family support explained 30% of variance in smoking. Conclusion: Since predicting factors on each health behavior indicator were different, then nurses should consider these differences to construct strategy enhancing patient's recovery.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.346-354
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in the association between caregiver's activities and caregiving burden according to gender and family relationship of caregivers of older people with dementia. This study used data from the Caregivers of Alzheimer's Disease Research survey (n=476). The association between caregiving activities and care burden was analyzed by multiple regression. In this study, the caregivers were predominantly spouses, followed by daughters. The care burden, especially personal burden, and depression were significantly higher in women than men. The spouses (either male or female), compared with the sons and daughters, spent significantly more time providing care. Care time and depression of caregivers and physical disability of the patient were significantly correlated with care burden. Among the caregiving activities, using transportation, dressing, eating, looking after appearance, and supervising were significantly associated with care burden. The daughters and daughters-in-law presented more care burden with higher number of care days, and the female spouse who were younger tended to experience higher care burden. Daughters who provided longer time looking after appearance exhibited higher care burden. For female spouse, eating time was significantly associated with care burden. The association between caregiving activities and care burden of caregivers of people with dementia differed by gender and family relationship with the patient. This study was characterized by analyzing the effect of caregiving activities on caregiving burden by gender and family relationship of caregivers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.584-594
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify emotional responses, of stroke patients using Q analysis. From the data analysis, five types of emotional responses in stroke patients were classified as follows. 1. Acceptance and Overcoming : They attached to life strongly and had self-confidence of recovery. They were striving against their situation through using anything else good for their recovery. 2. Anger Type : They recognized a labile feeling and were angered easily. They had a self-confident and self-esteemed personality before they had a stroke. 3. Conflict Type : They wanted interaction with others. This individual recognized that no one knows their agonies. They were thankful to god or their family, while they could not control their minds. Their family supports were low. 4. Deficiency of self-esteem Type : They had a self-confidence of recovery, but they were in fear of interaction with others. Especially, they were ashamed of themselves. They have a high sense of responsibility and nigh self-esteem for themselves before they had a stroke. 5. Despair Type. : They were sorry to trouble their family. They felt depression, anxiety, darkness, uselessness of themselves, and they wanted to die. They recognized financial burden. for their family. The characteristics of the five types of stroke patient identified in this study will be used to assess emotional nursing needs for stroke patients. The findings of this study will provide practical guidelines for developing nursing interventions for stroke patients based on the characteristics of subjectivity types.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.177-183
• /
• 1987

This study investigated and evaluated a method effectively promote a communication function in families with a schizophrenic patient and the patients' interaction, by a family approach using reinforcement of functional communication between patients and their parents. The subjects of the study were patients receiving treatment in Won Gwang University Mental Hospital from July 1985 to July 1986, and their families. In the experimental group, a family approach using reinforcement of functional communication twice a week was taught. Each of the six sessions took sixty minutes, during which the interviews and questionaires were carried out. The total number of patients receiving treatment in the hospital at that time, 42, were divided by a systematic method into 20families in an experimental group and 22 in a control group. The results from testing the hypotheses established in this study, to analyse the effects of family approach through reinforcement of functional communication, are as follows; The results of the test of the first hypothesis are shown in Table 1. “patients and their parents in an experimental group receiving group training in reinforcement of functional communication will show a greater degree of interaction than those of the control group” was supported. Significant differences included Main Effects p＜.001, Interactions p＜.001 and Explained p＜.001 in the interactions of patients, and mothers. Scores were higher for the experimental group after the treatment as well as higher than the control group.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.470-482
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the experience of family breakdown of Hwabyung patients in a socio-cultural context. Methods: Data for this study came from 5 participants, 2 family members and 1 friend of participant by interviews and participant observations from January 2006 to April 2007. Sociology of everyday lives analyzing method were adopted. Results: There were two processes of family breakdown ; sudden on set and progressive processes. The sudden breakdown was unpredictable death of a husband, the significant family member. On the other hand, their family structure and function were broken down through the husband, who repeatedly destructive and malicious behaviors. The experience of family breakdown of middle-aged women with Hwabyung in a socio-cultural context was weakened or severed family-relationships, exhaustion of economic sources, and the breakdown of participant's body. Participant's experience of family breakdown were influenced by Korean culture, the patriarchal social system and the clan-centered family system. Conclusion: Hwabyung is the result of a clan-centered family system and patriarchal system. The approach to Hwabyung should involve not only the person with the illness but also their family.