• 생명과학회지
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.720-727
• /
• 2009

Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2 (B. polyfermenticus KJS-2)를 이용하여 발효된 콩(BP2FS)은 8가지의 병원성균에 대해 항균활성을 가졌다. BP2FS는 돌돔의 배양에 있어 사료첨가제로 사용되었다. 돌돔의 배양시 BP2FS를 투여한 군($6{\times}10^{4}$ cfu $g^{-1}$ 사료)과 투여하지 않은 군으로 나누었으며, 투여한 군은 120일 동안 하루에 두 번씩 투여 하였다. 120일 후에 투여한 군의 돌돔의 몸무게는 67.29${\pm}$12.62 g이었으며 그렇지 않은 군의 몸무게는 56.56${\pm}$8.21 g으로 나타났다. 생존율은 투여한 군(80%)과 투여하지 않은 군(40%)이었다. 폐사한 돌돔의 축적된 양은 투여한 군(18.95%)과 투여하지 않은 군(60.98%)이었다. BP2FS를 투여한 군에서 B. polyfermenticus KJS-2를 돌돔의 장내에서 검출한 결과 $1.04{\times}10^{4}$ cfu $g^{-1}$으로 나타났다. BP2FS를 투여 하지 않은 군의 돌돔에서는 iridovirus에 감염되었을 경우 나타나는 전형적인 증상인 비장과 간에서 비대세포가 관찰 되었다. 이 결과들은 BP2FS는 돌돔의 이리도바이러스에 대한 감염 시 예방효과를 가져온다 할 수 있다.

• 한국어병학회지
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.317-326
• /
• 2009

This study has shown the screening of anti-bacterial activity of three Indian medicinal plant choloroform : methanol (50:50) solvent leaf extracts (i.e. Azadirachta indica, Ocimum sanctum, and Curcuma longa) with different concentrations (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, and 0.156 mg/ml) under in vitro conditions against fish pathogenic bacteria, Aeromonas hydrophila, Streptococcus iniae, Vibrio harveyi, V. anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda isolated from olive flounder farms, Jeju Island, South Korea. The anti-microbial activity of the A. indica and O. sanctum extracts yielded the zones of growth inhibition (ZI) was 3 and 1mm against A. hydrophila at concentration of 0.156 mg/ml when compared to that of tetracycline standard (3 mm). At highest concentration (10 mg/ml) of A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa, high inhibition was 9, 7, and 6 mm when compared to that of tetracycline (11 mm) against A. hydrophila. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa at 0.156 mg/ml that yield 9, 10, and 13 CFU/ml for A. hydrophila, 16, 22, and 25 CFU/ml for S. iniae and 18, 22, and 23 CFU/ml for E. tarda compared to the tetracycline. At highest concentration (10 mg/ml) of the three extracts was better inhibiting the growth of A. hydrophila, S. iniae and E. tarda. A. indica, O. sanctum, and C. longa were determined to the potential antioxidant activityon the basis of their scavenging activity of the stable 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical. A. indica extract was 0.625 mg/ml which indicated that the strong anti-oxidant activity. However, O. sanctum and C. longa extracts showed weak anti-oxidant activity at this concentration. Hence, in vitro assay among the pathogens, A. hydropila is better inhibitory activity of the extracts. It is evident that the Indian medicinal plants extracts were subjected to its effectiveness against A. hydrophila, S. iniae, and E.tarda at low concentrations. The obtained results in the present study suggested that the Indian plant extracts is a prevention tools for Korean olive flounder aquaculture pathogens and its need further advance investigation.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.437-444
• /
• 2016

최근 건강과 위생에 대한 소비자의 의식 향상으로 인해 농수축산 분야를 비롯한 식품의 가공 유통 분야에서도 식품의 안전성 확보를 위한 시험 검사가 실시되고 있고, HACCP과 같은 식품안전관리 프로그램의 조기 도입을 유도하고 있어 식품중독균에 대한 검사량이 증가하고 있다. 이에 따른 신속, 정확하고 대량의 시료를 처리할 수 있는 식품중독균 검사의 필요성이 증가되고 있다. 국내 식품 미생물의 확인시험방법은 전통적인 미생물 동정법인 그램 염색 등과 같은 형태학적 특성과 생화학적 분석에 의해서 주로 확인되는데, 확인 과정이 복잡하고 장시간이 소요된다. 이를 극복하기 위한 새로운 미생물 동정법인 MALDI-TOF 질량분석기반 미생물 동정법을 식품의 식품중독균 검사에 적용하기 위해 식품공전에서 주로 검사하는 식품중독균 10종에 대한 질량 패턴 데이터를 국내 질량분석 데이터베이스인 MicroID에 적용하였다. 표준 균주와 식품중독균이 검출된 시료에서 분리한 균으로 비교했을 때 질량분석기반 미생물 동정은 현재 사용되고 있는 생화학적 분석결과와 일치한 결과를 보여주었다. 또한, 식품중독균을 포함한 국내 미생물 균주를 이용해서 구축한 데이터베이스, MicroID는 기존의 상용화된 해외 MALDI-TOF 질량분석 데이터베이스 Biotyper와 동등 이상의 정확도를 나타내었다. 국내 식품관련 미생물에 대한 질량스펙트럼을 추가하여 데이터베이스를 지속적으로 확장시키면 신속 정확한 미생물 동정법으로 자리매김할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제54권6호
• /
• pp.904-911
• /
• 2021

For the safety assessment of microbiological and chemical hazards in dried sea mustard, fifteen samples of dried sea mustards Undaria pinnatifida were purchased from the supermarkets distributed throughout Korea. The contamination levels of total viable bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and nine pathogenic bacteria [Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio spp., Clostridium perfringens, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), Yersinia enterocolitica and Campylobacter jejuni/coli] were quantitatively or qualitatively assessed. Also, the heavy metals (lead, cadmium, total mercury, and inorganic arsenic), and radioactivity (¹³¹I, ¹³⁴CS+¹³⁷CS) were quantitatively assessed. This microbial and chemical analysis was performed using standard methods in Korean food code. The total viable bacteria ranged from 4.3×10² (5.0×10-1.5×10³) CFU/g. Coliforms and E. coli were not detected in all samples (ND, <1 log₁₀ CFU/g). All nine pathogenic bacteria were qualitatively detected as negative. The contamination levels of lead, cadmium, total mercury, and inorganic arsenic were 0.036 (0.015-0.051), 0.117 (0.088-0.156), 0.030 (0.017-0.048), and 0.058 (0.056-0.064) mg/kg, respectively. Radioactivity was also not detected in any sample. The microbial contamination levels determined in the current study may be potentially used as basis for performing microbial risk assessments of dried sea mustards.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.182-187
• /
• 2023

Fifteen samples of dried laver Pyropia tenera were collected from markets and processing plants in Korea for an assessment of their microbial and chemical hazards, in accordance with the Korean food code. The contamination levels of total viable bacteria, coliforms, Escherichia coli, and nine other pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, and Campylobacter jejuni) were evaluated The concentrations of heavy metals (lead, cadmium, total mercury, and total arsenic) and radioactive isotopes (¹³¹I, and ¹³⁴Cs+¹³⁷Cs) in the laver samples were also determined. The total viable count of bacteria was 2.62±0.80 (1.48-4.45) CFU/g. The contamination levels of lead, cadmium, total mercury, and total arsenic were 0.024±0.005 (0.018-0.035), 0.090±0.038 (0.041-0.146), 0.008±0.005 (0.003-0.018) and 1.315±0.372 (0.814-1.930) mg/kg, respectively. All samples tested negative for significant levels of radioactivity, the nine pathogenic bacteria, coliforms, and E. coli (<1.00 CFU/g). We assume that ensuring the microbiological and chemical safety of dried laver can increase the demand for its exportation. The present study may serve as a basis for microbiological and chemical hazard assessment of dried lavers.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.128-132
• /
• 2016

PEG를 이용하여 WGA 수행 시 DNA 증폭 효율을 높이고 이를 식중독 세균의 DNA 증폭 및 검출에 적용하고자 하였다. 등온 증폭 반응인 WGA에 여러 종류의 PEG를 첨가하여 증폭한 결과, 1.5% 농도의 PEG 4,000을 첨가하는 것이 가장 효율이 높음을 알 수 있었다. 증폭 정도를 정량적으로 파악하기 위하여 3종의 식중독 세균 DNA를 이용하여 WGA를 수행하였으며 real-time PCR로 정량분석하였다. S. Typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, V. parahaemolyticus의 경우에 WGA를 하지 않은 DNA에 비하여 각각 7,777.01배, 9,981.22배, 1,239.03배 정도로 DNA의 양이 증폭되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 PEG를 첨가함으로써 18배에서 40배의 핵산 증폭 효과가 더 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 식품에 미량의 농도로 존재하는 식중독 세균은 PEG가 첨가된 WGA 반응을 통하여 검출 가능성을 높일 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 수산해양교육연구
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.834-846
• /
• 2017

Aquaculture practices to ensure greater production, such as high density breeding and excessive feeding, are become stressors that raise the prevalence of diseases. Accordingly, increasingly large volumes of antibiotics are used more frequently each year. Long term use antibiotics can generate resistant bacteria, which interrupt treatments and cause a potential transfer to human bodies. Thus, antibiotic resistance is of importance in public health. Tetracycline (Tc) is one of the typical medicines used in the aquaculture drugs, which has a wide range of application including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In the examination of 153 strains isolated from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) farms located in Jeju in 2016, it turned out that a total of 84 strains were resistant to Tc or oxytetracycline (OTC). The extent to which the strains are resistant to Tc and OTC was confirmed through MIC test, mostly within the range of 25 to $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Twelve different types of tet genes were detected using single and multiplex PCR in the 84 Tc-resistant strains. The PCR was used to find tet(K), tet(M), tet(O), and tet(S), which are known to exist primarily in gram positive strains. According to the results, - tet(S) is the most dominant gene in 49 strains of Streptococcus parauberis, accounting for 63.2%. And there were two strains that have two different types of resistant genes. The multiplex PCR was used to detect tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), and tet(G), which are commonly found in gram-negative strains. Each of tet(B), tet(D), and tet(B)&(M) was found in a strain presumed to be Vibrio sp., and only tet(D) was found in 10 Edwardsiella tarda strains.

• 미생물학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 1984

아산 양어장에서 양식되고 있는 뱀장어 (Anguilla japonica)로부터 22주의 병원성 세균을 분리하여 그 생화학적 성질, 혈청학적 관계, 금붕어에 대한 감염성 및 여러 항생물질에 대한 감수성을 시험하였다. 22균주중 14주 (64%)는 Edwardsiella tarda 5주 (23%)는 Aeromonas hydrophila, 기타 3균주(14%)는 Vibrio anguillarum으로 동정되었다. 3가지 분리균중에서 E. tarda는 동일한 혈청형으로 그 분리율 및 금붕어에 대한 감염성이 가장 높았다. 이에 따라 E. tarda가 조사된 양어장의 뱀장어에서 발생하는 세균성 질병의 주 병원체로 판명되었다. 세 분리균주의 균액을 수조에 풀어 금붕어에 접촉시켰을 때 그 감염율은 세 균주 모두 상대적으로 낮았다. 10주의 분리균을 택해 12가지 항생물질에 대해 감수성 검사를 한 결과 하나에서 여섯가지 약제에 대해 저항성을 나타냈으며, 그 중 tetracycline 유도체와 sulfisoxazole에 대한 저항성이 현저하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제47권5호
• /
• pp.603-610
• /
• 2014

We investigated a nematode infection in the epithelial tissue of rockfish Sebastes schlegeli cultured in Cheonsu Bay, western Korea, from May 2013 to April 2014. Nematodes infected the epithelial tissues of various external organs, including the fins, operculum, nares, mouth, and head. Over a 1-year period, the overall nematode infection rate in rockfish was 55% (n=89/163): 56.7% (n=17/30) in May 2013, 88% (n=29/33) in August 2013, 0% (n=0/30) in October 2013, 70% (n=21/30) in January 2014, and 55% (n=22/40) in April 2014. During this study, the only mass mortality of cultured rockfish in Cheonsu Bay was in August 2013, when we identified skin wounds on the rockfish caused by the nematodes escaping from their hosts. During this period, the accumulated mortality for 2 weeks was 1.4-22.4% in different farms. In addition, several pathogenic bacteria (Photobacterium damselae, Vibrio spp., and Streptococcus iniae) were isolated from the moribund rockfish; these were thought to be transmitted through the skin wounds caused by the nematodes.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.243-249
• /
• 2017

Crabs are a popular seafood item. However, they can harbor many microorganisms, heavy metals, radioactivity, and benzo(a)pyrene, which are potential health risks to humans. The objective of this study was to assess the potential of swimming crabs for use in foods such as Ganjang-gejang, by measuring their sanitary biological and chemical properties. Viable microbial cell counts in swimming crab samples were $3.4{\times}10^2-6.7{\times}10^4CFU/g$, but no coliform, Escherichia coli, or pathogenic bacteria, such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, or Salmonella spp., were detected. Heavy metal concentrations in swimming crab samples were non-detectable to 0.112 mg/kg for total mercury, non-detectable to 0.435 mg/kg for lead, and 0.115-0.836 mg/kg for cadmium. Benzo(a)pyrene concentrations ranged from $0.025-0.060{\mu}g/kg$, and the volatile basic nitrogen content ranged from 8.7-15.6 mg/100 g. No radioactivity was detected in samples. These results suggest that swimming crabs are viable for use in seafood products.