• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.245-246
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• 2001

우리나라에서는 지금까지 대기 오염과 관련하여 환경기준 달성을 위한 정책수립에 있어서 대상물질은 주로 이산화황(SO$_2$)과 먼지(TSP) 등으로 경제개발과 산업발전과정 등에서 발생되는 오염물질이었다. 그러나 최근 몇 년사이 급격한 자동차의 증가로 인한 이산화질소(NO$_2$)와 휘발성유기화합물(VOCs)의 배출이 증가하고 있어 환경규제정책도 점차 변하고 있는 실정이다. 이러한 오염물질들이 대기중에서 태양복사에너지에 의해 광화학 반응을 일으켜 오존(ozone), PAN(peroxyacethyl nitrate), PBN(peroxy benzoyl nitrate), 아크로레인(carolein), 포름알데히드(HCHO, formaldehyde) 등 광화학 산화제를 생성하여 인체, 동ㆍ식물 및 재산상의 피해를 유발하고 있다. (중략)

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2004

In order to evaluate a health effect of air pollution, we designed exposure group (taxi driver, street sweeper, street trader,) and non -exposure group (office clerk). We analysed exposure and biologic marker by using personal sampler. Mean NO$_2$ and benzene level in each group were statistically significant. Also, respiratory symptom, chronic cough, sputum, and dyspnea on exertion were statistically significant in each group.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.102-111
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the use of polyurethane foam disk passive air samplers (PUF PAS) for better measurement of atmospheric polychlorinared dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) concentrations compared to PUF PAS combined with high volume air samplers (HVS). Methods: Air samples were collected by a low volume air sampler (LVS) and PUF PAS. A total of two pairs were continuously collected for six months, but the PUF was replaced every two months. Results: A good correlation was shown ($R^2=0.8595$, p<0.0001) between atmospheric PCDD/Fs concentration measured by the LVS and PUF PAS. The average air sampling rate ($1.5m^3/day-sampler$) of all PCDD/Fs congeners showed a middle of the means which were measured using a HVS by other researchers in different cities. In addition, the air sampling rates of the LVS for each congener made less difference than did those of the HVS. Conclusion: It was found that measurements using the LVS were less influenced by atmospheric peak PCDD/Fs concentrations. However, trace POPs such as PCDD/Fs may involve relatively large analytical errors in measurement, and as a result the air sampling rate of the respective PCDD/Fs isomer is also likely to involve errors. The method of using a regression straight line between the concentrations obtained from the LVS and those from the PUF PAS was judged higher than the method using the air sampling rate, since the former compensated for the experimental errors in the process of evaluation of atmospheric PCDD/F concentrations using the PUF PAS.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.241-242
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• 2001

간이 측정기에 대한 연구는 실내공기 오염의 연구에서 인체가 작업장에서 실내 대기오염물에 노출을 되는 정도를 평가하기 위하여 개발되었다. 처음에는 주로 포름알데히드나 이산화질소를 측정하기 위하여 개발되었으나, 최근에는 오존을 측정하는 방법으로 개발되고 있다. 오존을 측정하는 간이 측정기의 개발을 위해서는 오존과 선택적으로 그리고 정량적으로 반응하는 화학종과 오존을 포획하는 시약을 선정하는 작업이 중요하다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 1994

Diffusional sampling devices offer many advantages for measuring concentration levels of industrial contaminants than the conventional pump and charcoal tubes because they are lightweight, require no power, pump or tubing. This study designed to evaluate and compare the sampling performance of passive sampler to charcoal tube from mixed organic solvent workplace with 181 organic solvent using workers working in different concentration of organic solvents. All study workers kept both devices in their breathing zone simultaneuosly in the workplaces, and the sampling analytical results were compared with those of charcoal tube. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The concentrations of toluene and xylene measured by passive sampler were slightly higher than those of charcoal tube, but there were no significant statistical differences between two methods. 2. The concentrations of MEK and cyclo-hexanone measured by passive sampler in low exposure workplace (below 0.20 of MEK TLV levels and 0.1 of cyclo-hexanone TLV levels) were about 2 times higher than that of charcoal tube sampling. While, absorption efficiency of passive sampler was reduced according to increasing concentration measurements of MEK and cyclo-hexanone in air. 3. The ratios of concentrations of toluene, xylene, MEK and cyc1o-hexanone measured by passive sampler over those measured by charcoal tube were 1.11, 1.07, 1.63 and 3.65 respectively. 4. The percentages of concentration of passive samplers within 0.75 and 1.25 of charcoal tube value as a reference value of 1.0 were 57% in toluene, 74% in xylene, 34% in MEK and 32% in cyclo-hexanone respectively. 5. The correlation coefficients of toluene, xylene, MEK and cyclo-hexanone between passive sampler and charcoal tube sampler were 0.963, 0.957, 0.943 and 0.562 with statistical significance.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.187-195
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• 2007

Long-term passive diffusive samplers(PDS) have been used to measure $NO_2\;and\;SO_2$ concentrations at 21 sampling sites in Daejeon, Korea during the period of January 2000 - December 2002. The spatial distributions of annual $NO_2\;and\;SO_2$ concentrations were mapped. Average annual $NO_2$ concentration over the sampling period was $28.5{\pm}12.5\;ppb$, ranging from 1.2 to 81.7 ppb. Average annual $SO_2$ concentration over the sampling period was $7.7{\pm}4.8\;ppb$, ranging from 0.6 to 26.8 ppb. On average, $NO_2$ concentration was approximately 5.8%(1.6 ppb) larger in 2002. $SO_2$ concentration was decreased by 13%(1.1 ppb) during the sampling period. The seasonal variation of $NO_2\;and\;SO_2$ concentration was observed with a tendency to be higher in fall and winter. $NO_2\;and\;SO_2$, concentrations measured at different site types(patterns of land use) show significant difference. The observed difference in concentration was associated with difference in emissions of $NO_2$ from motor vehicles and $SO_2$ by non-traffic fuel consumption for heating.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2005

To investigate the field applicability of a diffusive sampler (3M OVM #3500, passive sampling method) authors conducted a simultaneous measurement of personal organic solvents exposure in the air of the workplaces by charcoal tube with low volume sampler (active sampling method) and diffusive sampler. Samples were collected and analyzed by NIOSH method ($NMAM^{(R)}$) from thirty-eight workers in 12 factories who work in 6 different processes. Geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) were used to describe the result. To compare the results of the two methods, paired t-test was used. According to the manual of the exposure assessment of the mixed organic solvents (Ministry of Labor, Korea), Em was calculated. Simple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between the two methods. Results were as follows; 1. Eight different solvents (ethyl acetate, n-hexane, toluene, xylene, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), and methyl isobutyl ketone) were detected simultaneously in the two methods and the concentrations of the personal exposure were lower than 0.5 TLV level. The concentration of the charcoal tube method was higher than that of a diffusive sampler in n-hexane and MEK (p<0.05). 2. Em of the charcoal tube method was higher than that of diffusive sampler method but not significantly different and was lower than the OEL (Occupational Exposure Limit) in all 6 processes. 3. There was a significant correlation between the two methods in low concentrations of the 8 organic solvents (p<0.05). In conclusion, there was no difference in charcoal tube method and diffusive sampler method in low concentrations of some organic solvents, diffusive sampler can be applied to assess the personal monitoring in low level exposure.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.313-321
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• 2014

Objectives: Pine needles are used as passive air samplers (PAS) of atmospheric persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This study was carried out in order to investigate whether pine needles can also be used as a PAS of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Methods: PBDEs in one to three year-old pine needles were analyzed with HRGC/HRMS. Results: PBDEs in the atmosphere were accumulated in the pine needles. The rate of increase in concentration of lower substituted PBDEs (tri- through hepta-) in pine needles was linear. The rate of increase of the higher substituted PBDEs (octa- through deca-) was also liner, but only up to two year-old pine needles. The concentration did not increase further in older pine needles. Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that young pine needles, those that are two years old or less, are recommended for use as PAS of atmospheric PBDEs.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2001

PCBs(Polychlorinated biphenyls) in air and plants were measured every two weeks at Hankyong University located in Ansung, Kyoung ki province from July to November in 1999. The percentage of tri-CBs(PCB 28) and tetra-CBs(PCB 52) is 49% of the total PCBs in air, which shows these two components are the major congeners. A correlation coefficient(r) of PCB congeners detected in two plants is 0.83 (p<0.01), indicating that the plants can be used as a passive sampler to indirectly estimate the pollution levels of residual PCBs in the environmental even if they have different physicochemical properties. The average ratio of PCB 110/PCB 52 is higher in plants as 0.5, 2.9 and 2.5 respectively in the air and mulberry leaves as well as scallions, which comes from the higher lipophilicity of PCB 110 rather than the ratio of PCB 110/PCB 52 in the air.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.6 s.113
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• pp.90-97
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• 2006

The effects of a green buffer zone to protect a residential area from air pollution from industrial facilities and traffic was examined by analyzing the case of a green buffer zone in the Shiwha industrial complex. The green buffer zone is 175 m wide. The intent was to assess the dispersion patterns of atmospheric air pollutants and the reduction in concentration around the green buffer zone. To measure atmospheric sulfur dioxide$(SO_2)$ and nitrogen dioxide$(NO_2)$ concentration, badge-type passive samplers were used and set up at 76 locations in order to measure the concentration of air pollutants with respect to the spatial dispersion. The weighted mean values of $SO_2\;and\;NO_2$ concentration were $3\~57 ppb\;and\;18\~62 ppb$ and the differences among the green buffer zone, the industrial area and the residential areas were $0.7\~1.1 ppb$. Mean values of atmospheric concentrations of $NO_2$ were similar in industrial and, residential areas and the green buffer zone. Results of the study show that the effect of the green buffer zone on reducing the dispersion of air pollutants was very low. This study also recommends that micro-climate, i.e., wind direction should be considered as a factor for planning and design of green buffer zones.