• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.43-49
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• 2000

A laboratory experiments were performed to investigate the effects of several factors on the phosphorus removal by waste oyster shells. The waste oyster shells used in this experiments were crushed particle, calcined particle and extracted solution. A higher efficiencies of phosphorus removal were observed, when a particle size of crushed and calcined particle were smaller. The effluent concentration of phosphorus was around 1.6mg/ι in continuous column experiment which packed with crushed particle of waste oyster shell at the influent concentration of PO4-P of 10 mg/ι. But the clogging of column occurred with increasing of throughput volume of influent. The efficiency of phosphorus removal increased with increasing of dosage amount of crushed, calcined particle and extracted solution. When the calcined particle which contained only about 1/10~1/100 of crushed particle was used, the efficiency of phosphorus removal was correspondingly equivalent to the removal efficiency obtained from crushed particle. The efficiency of phosphorus removal by calcined particle after 9 runs repeated use was decreased about 21.5% as that of the first run. The removal efficiency of 100% could have been achieved at the HRT of 18 hours during the continuous treatment of phosphorus by the solution extracted from calcined particle.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.415-424
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• 2000

The use of magnetoresistive (MR) head requires much tighter control of particle contamination in a drive since loose particles on the disk surface will generate thermal asperities (TA). In this study, a spinoff test was performed to investigate the adhesion and removal capability of a particle to disk surface. Numerical simulation was also performed to investigate dominant factor of particle detachment and to support experimental results. It was shown that particles are detached from the disk surface by the moment derived from the centrifugal force and the drag force and that the centrifugal force and capillary force are the dominant force, which determines spin-off of a particle on the disk surface. Removal of particles smaller than several micrometers, which are the main source of TA generation, is extremely difficult since the adhesion forces exceed the centrifugal force. Lubricant types and manufacturing process also influence the particle removal. Lower bonding ratio and lower viscosity of the lubricant will help to increase the removal rate of the particles from the disk surface.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.247-252
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• 2003

In this paper, we made four types of metal particle $Al_2$O$_3$ barrier reactors with and without dielectric of BaTiO$_3$ between metal particle and $Al_2$O$_3$ barrier to investigate NOx removal characteristic and the effect of dielectric on Nox removal. And Nox removal rate is measured when sludge pellets are put at down stream of plasma reactor. Nox removal rate in the reactor with $Al_2$O$_3$ barrier is much better than that in the reactor without $Al_2$O$_3$ barrier, Nox removal rate is not so good in metal particle-Al$_2$O$_3$ barrier reactor with BaTiO$_3$ between metal particle and $Al_2$O$_3$ barrier, however, Nox removal rate is about 40% in metal particle-Al$_2$O$_3$ barrier reactor with TiO$_2$. The most of NO is conversed to NO$_2$ in these kind of reactor. When sludge pellets are put at down stream of plasma reactor, Nox removal rate is greatly improved up to 90%. It indicates that sludge pellets have great effect on the NO$_2$ removal and the improvement of Nox removal rate, however, dielectric materials between metal particle and $Al_2$O$_3$ barrier have not effect. Organic materials included in sludge may react with NO$_2$ and ozone so that Nox removal rate is greatly improved.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.21 no.B
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• pp.155-161
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• 2001

In this study, we analyzed the $NO_X$ removal efficiency and particle size distribution by the pulsed corona discharge process and investigated the effect of several process variables. The NO removal efficiencies and the particle characteristics were measured and analyzed as the function of initial concentrations of NO, $H_2O$, and $NH_3$, applied voltage, pulse frequency and residence time. As the frequency of applied voltage increases, or as the applied voltage increases or as the residence time increases, the NO removal efficiency increases. The change of initial $NH_3$ and $H_2O$ concentrations do not affect the NO removal efficiency significantly. The particle concentration and size increases with the increases of initial NO concentration, residence time and applied voltage.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2012

This test method covers a procedure for measuring particle removal characteristic of equipment fan filter unit(EFFU) installed inside of semiconductor process equipments, FPD manufacturing equipments and so on. Since EFFU is a combination of air filter and the assembly of fan, motor and frame, the integrity of these parts is very important for the performance of EFFU. So a conventional particle removal test method for air filters is not suitable for EFFU particle removal performance. This test method defines an evaluation method for EFFU which is installed inside an enclosed space to remove particles that are generated inside process equipment. The particle removal performance of EFFUs is usually depending on the performance of filter media and air flow rate. To understand a performance of an EFFU, the filter media characteristic, air flow rate and the integrity of EFFU parts should be considered simultaneously. This test method is intended to demonstrate the system performance of an EFFU and successfully evaluated EFFU performance characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.34-38
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• 2005

Effects of pH level and slurry particle size on material removal rate and planarization of langasite single crystal wafer have been examined. Higher material removal rate was obtained with lower pH level slurries while the planarization was found to be determined by average particle size of colloidal silica slurries. Slurries containing 0.045 ㎛ amorphous silica particles showed the best polishing effect without any scratches on the surface. Effective particle number has a strong effect on the surface planarization and the removal rate, so that the lower effective particle numbers produced low removal rate but the better planarization results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2002.07b
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• pp.917-921
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• 2002

In this paper, we made different types of non-thermal plasma reactors such as Metal-particle reactor with $Al_2O_3$ to measure NOx removal characteristic and the dielectric effect for NOx removal. NOx removal rate is not so good when we use just dielectric of $Al_2O_3$ at the Metal-particle reactor, also we just put sludge pellets(100%) without Metal-particle reactor with $Al_2O_3$ and dielectric such as $TiO_2$, $BaTiO_3$ to measure the effect of sludge for NOx removal so that NOx removal rate is almost the same. However NOx removal rate is more than 90% in case of the reactor of composition shape used both dielectric of $Al_2O_3$ and sludge pellets at the same time. In case of the shape of plasma reactor with dielectric, the Metal-particle reactor with $Al_2O_3$, and the metal-particle reactor with both $Al_2O_3$ and dielectric such as $TiO_2$, $BaTiO_3$ at the same time, they are almost the same effect for NOx removal, so we made MNPR(Metal-particle Non-thermal Plasma Reactor with $Al_2O_3$) to reduce these kinds of demerits. Finally, we think MNPR should be much better than other reactors for NOx removal.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1266-1272
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• 2022

With the recent development of computer vision technology, image processing-based mechanical devices are being developed to realize autonomous driving. The camera-taken images of image processing-based machines are invisible due to scattering and absorption of light in foggy conditions. This lowers the object recognition rate and causes malfunction. The safety of the technology is very important because the malfunction of autonomous driving leads to human casualties. In order to increase the stability of the technology, it is necessary to apply an efficient haze removal algorithm to the camera. In the conventional haze removal method, since the haze removal operation is performed regardless of the haze concentration of the input image, excessive haze is removed and the quality of the resulting image is deteriorated. In this paper, we propose an automatic haze removal method that removes haze according to the haze density of the input image by applying Ngo's Haziness Degree Evaluator (HDE) to Kim's haze removal algorithm using Hazy Particle Map. The proposed haze removal method removes the haze according to the haze concentration of the input image, thereby preventing the quality degradation of the input image that does not require haze removal and solving the problem of excessive haze removal. The superiority of the proposed haze removal method is verified through qualitative and quantitative evaluation.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

Pressure drop and particle removal efficiency of two commercial fibrous medium filters were measured with 20~1,000 nm sized aerosolized KCl particles. Pressure drop and particle removal efficiency were also theoretically predicted and the results qualitatively agreed with the experimental data. For this given particle removal efficiency, a filter design method for obtaining minimum pressure drop (and therefore minimum fan power) was suggested in this study by selecting solidity and fiber diameter as parameters. Therefore, by carrying out theoretical and experimental approaches together, this paper introduced a way of finding conditions for low pressure drop and high performance of a fibrous filter, especially if the filter would be used in mechanical ventilation system.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.87-97
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• 2011

In this study, we organized the test results obtained from the performance tests for the CA certificated air cleaners which had been commercially available in Korea since 2003, and analyzed the correlation among the test parameters such as flow rate, particle collection efficiency, clean air delivery rate (CADR), ozone emission, odor removal efficiency and noise level etc. The noise level of 267 air cleaners were increased as concentrated at the 45, 50, 55 dB, which are the required noise level for CA certification according to flow rate, and ozone emissions from the CA air cleaners were significantly lower than the requirement limit, 50 ppb for 24 hour operation. The average particle collection efficiency and odor removal efficiency were 89.3 and 80.8%, approximately 20% higher than the requirement of CA certification, regardless of flow rates. The particle removal performance of an air cleaner was clearly discriminated by its CADR, and the CADR was obtained with a simple calculation: 0.79 x flow rate. The low differentiation of gas removal performance of air cleaners by the current CA gas test method was improved by 3.2, 751.3, 13.4 times for ammonia, acetic acid, respectively, by adopting the CADR concept and the real time measurement method, FTIR, for gas removal performance test.