• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.361-365
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• 2018

Background: Recently, we examined the effects of 2% lidocaine gel on the tactile sensory and pain thresholds of the face, tongue and hands of symptom-free individuals using quantitative sensory testing (QST); its effect was less on the skin of the face and hands than on the tongue. Consequently, instead of 2% lidocaine gel, we examined the effect of 8% lidocaine spray on the tactile sensory and pain thresholds of the skin of the face and hands of healthy volunteers. Methods: Using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, QST of the skin of the cheek and palm (thenar skin) was performed in 20 healthy volunteers. In each participant, two topical sprays were applied. On one side, 0.2 mL of 8% lidocaine pump spray was applied, and on the other side, 0.2 mL of saline pump spray was applied as control. In each participant, QST was performed before and 15 min after each application. Pain intensity was measured using a numeric rating scale (NRS). Results: Both the tactile detection threshold and filament-prick pain detection threshold of the cheek and thenar skin increased significantly after lidocaine application. A significant difference between the effect of lidocaine and saline applications was found on the filament-prick pain detection threshold only. NRS of the cheek skin and thenar skin decreased after application of lidocaine, and not after application of saline. Conclusion: The significant effect of applying an 8% lidocaine spray on the sensory and pain thresholds of the skin of the face and hands can be objectively scored using QST.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.221-229
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• 2023

Background: In modern society, the use of computers accounts for a large proportion of our daily lives. Although substantial research is being actively conducted on musculoskeletal diseases resulting from computer use, there has been a recent surge in interest in improving the working environment for prevention. Objects: This study aimed to examine the effects of posture correction feedback (PCF) on changes in neck posture and muscle activation during computer typing. Methods: The participants performed a computer typing task in two sessions, each lasting 16 minutes. The participant's dominant side was photographed and analyzed using ImageJ software to verify neck posture. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to confirm the participant's cervical erector spinae (CES) and upper trapezius muscle activities. The EMG signal was analyzed using the percentage of reference voluntary contraction and amplitude probability distribution function (APDF). In the second session, visual and auditory feedback for posture correction was provided if the neck was flexed by more than 15° in the initial position during computer typing. A 20-minute rest period was provided between the two sessions. Results: The neck angle (p = 0.014), CES muscle activity (p = 0.008), and APDF (p = 0.015) showed significant differences depending on the presence of the PCF. Furthermore, significant differences were observed regarding the CES muscle activity (p = 0.001) and APDF (p = 0.002) over time. Conclusion: Our study showed that the feedback system can correct poor posture and reduces unnecessary muscle activation during computer work. The improved neck posture and reduced CES muscle activity observed in this study suggest that neck pain can be prevented. Based on these results, we suggest that the PCF system can be used to prevent neck pain.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify a direction for increase of resident participation by analyzing the social relations of resident participation. In the research method, the method of statistical analysis was added to the legal institutional method. As a result, the following findings were obtained: First, it is very important that the resident representative meeting at the center of the participation of the resident organization should take the role in and responsibility for the promotion of participation. Second, it is necessary to have smooth communication with voluntary groups such as women's association or club forming the coordinating group. Third, Among other things, it is judged that residents should have an active will to participate and practice in order to promote their participation in the apartment community. The above results imply that participation should be promoted by enabling residents to perform four functions of resident participation. Accordingly, the promotion of participation based on the function of participation is very necessary and important.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: Globally, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for one of the most serious pandemics to date. The vulnerability of the vestibular system in individuals with HIV has been confirmed, and central vestibular impairments have been frequently reported. However, there are disagreements on the impact of HIV on peripheral vestibular function. Thus, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence of peripheral vestibular impairment, specifically related to the semi-circular canals (SCCs), in HIV-positive individuals receiving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. Subjects and Methods: A total of 92 adults between the ages of 18 and 50 years (divided into two groups) participated in the study. The first group comprised HIV-positive individuals receiving ARV treatment (n₁=60), and the second group comprised HIV-negative participants (n₂=32). The video head impulse test was used to conduct the head impulse paradigm (HIMP). Results: Bilateral normal HIMP results were obtained in 95% of the HIV-positive participants and all HIV-negative participants. The gain of the left posterior SCCs was significantly lower in the HIV-positive group, while the gains of all other canals between the two groups were comparable. Conclusions: The prevalence of peripheral vestibular impairment in the HIV-positive group was not significantly different from that of the HIV-negative group. The reduced prevalence in the current study may be attributed to participant characteristics, the test battery employed, and the central compensation of the vestibular dysfunctions at the later stages of infection.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2021

Background and Objectives: Globally, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is responsible for one of the most serious pandemics to date. The vulnerability of the vestibular system in individuals with HIV has been confirmed, and central vestibular impairments have been frequently reported. However, there are disagreements on the impact of HIV on peripheral vestibular function. Thus, the current study aimed to determine the prevalence of peripheral vestibular impairment, specifically related to the semi-circular canals (SCCs), in HIV-positive individuals receiving antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. Subjects and Methods: A total of 92 adults between the ages of 18 and 50 years (divided into two groups) participated in the study. The first group comprised HIV-positive individuals receiving ARV treatment (n₁=60), and the second group comprised HIV-negative participants (n₂=32). The video head impulse test was used to conduct the head impulse paradigm (HIMP). Results: Bilateral normal HIMP results were obtained in 95% of the HIV-positive participants and all HIV-negative participants. The gain of the left posterior SCCs was significantly lower in the HIV-positive group, while the gains of all other canals between the two groups were comparable. Conclusions: The prevalence of peripheral vestibular impairment in the HIV-positive group was not significantly different from that of the HIV-negative group. The reduced prevalence in the current study may be attributed to participant characteristics, the test battery employed, and the central compensation of the vestibular dysfunctions at the later stages of infection.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2024

This study aimed to objectively classify the lateral torso posture types and functions of older women. We used 3D body scan data of 119 women aged 70-85 years from the 6th SizeKorea project. First, we defined three torso axes to represent the lateral torso posture types: posterior waist-back, back-cervical, and whole torso axes. Next, we asked experts to select one of four lateral torso posture types-stooped, straight, leaning back, and swayback postures-by looking at the lateral photographic data of 119 older women. To identify the axis that best represented each lateral torso posture type, a discriminant analysis was conducted using the angle of each of the three torso axes as an independent variable and an expert's visual classification as a dependent variable. Based on the analysis, the whole torso and backcervical axis angles were selected as variables for judging lateral torso posture types. Subsequently, we developed a classification function to determine which of the four lateral torso posture types of a particular participant was applicable for a new individual. The method developed in this study is significant in that it enables the objective classification of the lateral torso postures types of older women.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.171-186
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• 1998

While one main stream of research in GDSS (Group Decision Support System) is to investigate how GDSS affects decision-making performances of groups according to task types, support features, meeting facilitation modes and meeting environments. little study h3s been done about how group characteristics affect group decision processes and outcomes depending upon GDSS is provided or not. So far, most GDSS research has considered group characteristics (e.g. personality homogeneity) as given and did not include it as control variables in experiments. Therefore, the objective of this study is to investigate how members of two different groups perceive the use of GDSS in group meetings through lab experiments. The two groups are homogeneous and heterogeneous groups in terms of members' personality mix. This research found that the effect of GDSS is a function of groups' personality homogeneity in regards of the satisfaction on decision process and the communication thoroughness. The support of GDSS and the group homogeneity are proved to influence participant's perception about some dependent variables such as satisfaction on decision process.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.5654-5673
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• 2016

Participatory sensing applications rely on recruiting appropriate participants to share their surrounding conditions with others, and have been widely used in many areas like environmental monitoring, health care, and traffic congestion monitoring, etc. In such applications, how to ensure the privacy of a participant is important, since incentive mechanisms are used to maintain their enthusiasm for sustainable participation by offering certain amount of reward. In this paper, we propose a pseudonym-based privacy protection scheme, that takes both privacy protection and user incentives into consideration. The proposed scheme uses the pseudonym mechanism and one-way hash function to achieve user incentives, while protecting their identity. We also show extensive analysis of the proposed scheme to demonstrate that it can meet the security and performance the requirement of a participatory sensing application.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.141-156
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• 2019

본 연구는 부재한 제 3자에 관한 평가적 대화인 가십(Gossip)을 질적 연구방법으로 고찰한 것으로, 유아간 가십의 대상과 사회적 기능에 대해 탐구했다. 연구대상은 서울시에 위치한 바람유치원 만 5세 소망반 유아들이다. 자료수집으로는 20회의 참여관찰과 2회의 교사와의 심층면담, 유아와의 비공식적 면담이 실시되었다. 연구결과, 유아들은 또래, 교사, 가족을 대상으로 또래와 가십을 나누었다. 또한 유아 간 가십은 또래 관계 강화, 또래 선택, 규칙 확인, 즐거움이라는 사회적 기능을 갖고 있었다. 본 연구결과는 유아들이 자신의 주변에 대한 민감한 관찰자이며, 또래, 교사, 가족이 그들의 삶에 영향력을 지닌 중요한 존재임을 확인시켜준다. 그리고 유아 간 가십은 유아들이 또래관계를 구축하고, 규준을 학습하며, 즐거운 정서를 경험하는 사회적 대화임을 보여준다. 본 연구는 지금까지 부정적 이미지로 그려졌던 가십을 새로운 관점으로 살펴보고, 유아의 사회화 과정에 관한 다양한 시각을 제공하였다는 의의를 지닌다.

• 감성과학
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2018

변화하는 사회에 따라 디자인 과정에서도 사용자의 참여를 요구하는 참여디자인이 증가하지만, 실제 디자인개발에서 발생하는 문제 개선이나 참여디자인의 효과를 나타내는 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 사용자 현장을 중심으로 한 참여디자인을 통해 참여자의 의식변화 측면에서 효과를 확인하고자, 본 연구에서는 농촌의 농특산물 직거래판매시설을 대상으로 이해관계자 모두가 참여한 참여디자인 프로그램을 통해 참여자 의식변화를 조사하여 현장중심의 참여디자인 효과를 확인하였다. 먼저 문헌고찰 통해 참여디자인의 이해와 연구동향을 살핀 다음 효과분석을 위한 효과 검증모델을 활용하여 설문 문항을 개발하고, 참여디자인 프로그램의 디자인워크숍을 구성하여 이를 현장에 적용하였다. 효과를 분석하기 위한 참여자 의식변화 조사는 프로그램의 사전과 사후에 동기, 지식, 인식, 기능, 참여의 영역에서 디자인전공자를 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하고, 개방형 질문에서 추가로 결과를 보완하여 참여디자인의 효과를 파악하였다. 그 결과, 참여디자인 프로그램을 통해 참여자들은 직거래판매시설에 대한 지식과 기능의 영역에서 효과가 있었고, 참여디자인의 결과에 높은 만족감과 공동 작업의 중요성을 느끼는 것으로 나타났으며, 운영과정에서는 농촌의 현장특성에 맞게 프로그램의 충분한 일정계획 마련과 원활한 디자인 작업을 위한 환경조성이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.