• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

This study determined the level of fermented soybean meal (FSM) that could be substituted for fish meal in the diet for parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish meal (FM) was used the sole protein source in the control diet. FSM was substituted for 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% of the fish meal in the experimental diets. The FSM resulted in increased crude protein, crude fat, and crude ash, but decreased crude fiber. The methionine and tryptophan contents in the FSM increased, while lysine and threonine decreased. The 18:2n-6 fatty acid content decreased from 55.30% to 28.67%. Fermentation increased 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) by 2.03% and 15.54%, respectively, although the differences were not significant. Based on growth performance, we concluded that FSM could replace up to 60% of FM for the maximum growth of juvenile parrot fish.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2011

Two feeding trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with Hizikia fusiformis or Ecklonia cava on the non-specific immune responses of parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus. Fish were fed experimental diets to which H. fusiformis or E. cava powder were added to final concentrations of 0, 2, 4 and 6%, respectively. After feeding for two weeks, phagocytic activity was significantly higher in fish fed diets containing H. fusiformis, but not E. cava, than in fish fed the basal diet. Lysozyme activity was significantly increased in the fish fed diets containing 6% H. fusiformis and E. cava. Myeloperoxidase activity was also significantly higher in fish fed diets containing 2 and 4% H. fusiformis, as compared to the basal diet, but not in those fish fed E. cava. These two studies indicate that dietary supplementation with H. fusiformis or E. cava could enhance the innate immune responses of parrot fish during their growth stage.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2004

In this study, the effcts of kelp (Ascophyllum nodosum) meal on growth and immune responses of parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) were studied. Fish were fed an experimental diet supplemented with $2{\%}\;and\;5{\%}$ kelp meal in a controled diet. Several factors such as weight gain, hematological parameters and nonspecific immune responses were evaluated far 0, 2, 4 and 8 weeks after the administration of the kelp meal supplemented diet. Weight gain in the fish fed the diet supplemented with $2{\%}\;and\;5{\%}$ kelp meal was not significant among the tested groups. The NBT reaction of the phagocytes in the head kidney and the phagocytic rate/index of phagocytes in the peripheral blood were significantly higher than the control group. But, there was no significant difference both in complement bactericidal activity, mucus Iysozyme activity and hematology among each group.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.197-201
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• 2004

Juveniles of parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) were graded and divided into three groups (mean initial size): Small group $(32.9\pm3.2\;g),$ Large group $(130.1\pm12.3\;g)$ and Ungraded group $(74.8\pm29.8\;g).$ Growth and sex ratio were monitored over 3 years. It was concluded that no production advantage was gained by weight grading. There were no differences when the pooled data from the two graded groups were compared with the ungraded group, although mean weight and survival of the large group were continuously higher than those of other groups until the end of rearing period. The highest percentage of males was found in the large group. These results show that males start growing faster than females long before the size grading.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.205-212
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• 1999

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate dietary protein sources replacing fish meal for parrot fish, Oplegnathus fasciatus. A control diet with white fish meal as a protein source was included. White fish meal in the isonitrogenous diet was replaced with each of 22% meat meal, 17% blood meal, or 31% soybean meal. Triplicate groups of 25 fish initially averaging 26 g were fed four experimental diets for 7 weeks in a flow-through tank system. Weight agin and feed efficiency in fish fed diet containing 17% blood meal (this diet also contained 45% white fish meal) were not significantly different from those in fish fed the control diet (P>0.05). Fish fed diet containing 22% meat meal had lower weight gain and feel efficiency than those of fish fed the control diet (P<0.05). weight gain of fish fed diet containing 31% soybean meal was not different from that of fish fed the control diet, but feed efficiency of fish fed the diet was lower than that of fish fed the control diet.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.133-138
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• 2008

돌돔 Oplegnathus fasciatus과 넙치 Pralichthys olivaceus를 대상으로 사료 내 송이(Scoria)의 첨가에 따른 사육효과 및 단백질 소화율을 알아보기 위해 2가지 실험이 수행되었다. 돌돔(초기평균무게: 7.6 g)을 대상으로 한 1차 사양실험에서는 사료 내 송이함량을 0%(Con), 1%와 2%를 첨가하여 3반복으로 수행하였다. 9주간의 성장실험 결과, 송이 2%를 첨가한 실험구에서 대조구와 비교해 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 송이 1%를 첨가한 실험구에서 대조구와 비교해 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 단백질 소화율 측정 결과에서는 45.0%(Con), 60.6%(송이 1%), 64.0%(송이 2%)로 송이가 첨가된 실험구에서 대조구에 비해 유의적으로 높은 단백질 소화율을 나타내었다. 넙치를 대상으로 한 2차 실험은 1차 사양실험에서 확인되어진 증가된 단백질 소화율을 증명하기 위해 실시되었다. 실험사료는 송이 0%(Con), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%로 조성되었다. 2차 실험의 단백질 소화율 결과에서는 사료 내 송이를 1%(56.7%), 2%(65.5%), 3%(52.8%) 첨가한 실험구에서 대조구(43.5%)에 비해 유의적으로 높은 값이 보였다. 반면 송이 4%를 첨가한 실험구에서는 단백질 소화율의 값이 41.4%로 대조구와 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 1 2차 사양실험의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 해산어 배합사료 내 송이의 첨가는 사료 내 단백질 소화율을 증진시킬 수 있을 것으로 보여지며, 그 첨가함량은 $2{\sim}3%$ 내외가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2008

외해가두리 시험양식 대상종으로 선정된 돌돔에 대하여 저수온기($15^{\circ}C$)에 1년어(62.7 g)와 2년어(344.7 g)에 대한 적정 배합사료 공급량을 조사한 결과, 돌돔 1년어(62.7g)의 적정배합사료 공급율은 어체중의 1.61% (만복의 90%)일 때 증체율 및 사료효율에서 높은 값을 나타내었다. $15^{\circ}C$에서 돌돔 2년어(344.7 g)에 대하여 적정 공급율을 조사한 결과는 어제중의 0.28% (만복의 80%)일 때 가장 높은 성장을 하였으나 시험구간에 오차가 컸고, 전반적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.563-567
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• 2002

Developing base data on luring fish schools into netting position by the use of underwater audible sound on japanese parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus found in the coastal waters of Jeju Island, S. Korea. Auditory threshold was determined by the heartbeat condition technique using pure tones coupled with a delayed electric shock. The audible range of japanese parrot fish extended from 80 Hz to 500 Hz with a peak sensitivity at 200 Hz. The mean auditory thresholds at the frequencies of 80 Hz, 100 Hz, 200 Hz,300 Hz and 500 Hz were 104 dB, 95 dB, 91 dB, 99 dB and 113 dB, respectively. As the frequency became higher than 200 Hz, the auditory threshold increased almost linearly with increasing frequency. Critical ratios of fishes measured in the presence of masking noise in the spectrum level range of 69$\~$78 dB (0 dB re 1$\mu$Pa/$\sqrt{Hz}$) ranged from 21 dB to 40 dB at test frequencies. The noise spectrum level at the start of masking was about 70 dB within the test frequency range. The sound pressure level of 100$\~$200 Hz recognized by japanese parrot fish under the ambient noise is above 91 dB and the critical ratio for them is above 21 dB.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.647-653
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• 2015

A 12-wk feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the essentiality of choline supplementation in diets for parrot fish. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were supplemented with 0 (as control), 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg choline per kg diet, and a positive control diet without choline contained 0.3% of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol as choline biosynthesis inhibitor (designated as Con, C500, C1000, C2000 and $Con^+$, respectively). Triplicate groups of fish (body weight, $8.8{\pm}0.01g$) were fed one of the experimental diets at a rate of 4% body weight twice daily. The fish fed $Con^+$ diet revealed significantly lower growth performance and feed utilization efficiency than other fish groups. Supplementation of choline to the basal diet did not significantly influence fish growth. The highest liver lipid content was observed in fish fed the $Con^+$ diet and inversely correlated with liver choline concentration although the differences were not significant. Also, significantly higher liver linoleic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid contents were found in fish fed the $Con^+$ diet. Innate immune parameters including respiratory burst and myeloperoxidase activities were not significantly affected by dietary choline levels. The findings in this study conclude that choline concentration of approximately $230mgkg^{-1}$ diet meets the requirement of parrot fish.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.483-492
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• 2014

DNA damage such as genotoxicity was identified with comet assay, which blood cell of a marine parrot fish (Oplegnathus fasciatus) was exposed to an acidified seawater, lowered pH gradient making of $CO_2$ gas. The gradient of pH were 8.22, 8.03, 7.81, 7.55 with control as HBSS solution with pH 7.4. DNA tail moment of fish blood cell was $0.548{\pm}0.071$ exposed seawater of pH 8.22 condition, on the other hand, DNA tail moment $1.601{\pm}0.197$ exposed acidified seawater of pH 7.55 lowest condition. The approximate difference with level of DNA damage was 2.9 times between highest and lowest of pH. DNA damage with decreasing pH was significantly increased with DNA tail moment on blood cell of marine fish (ANOVA, p < 0.001). Ocean acidification, especially inducing the leakage of sequestered $CO_2$ in geological structure is a consequence from the burning of fossil fuels, and long term effects on marine habitats and organisms are not fully investigated. The physiological effects on adult fish species are even less known. This result shown that the potential of dissolved $CO_2$ in seawater was revealed to induce the toxic effect on genotoxicity such as DNA breakage.