• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.338-347
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• 2020

Purpose: The Life Transition Scale (LTS) consists of 24 items that assess the life transition process of parents of autistic children. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the LTS in parents of children with a wide spectrum of disabilities. Methods: Data were collected from 260 parents of children with disabilities through self-report questionnaires. Validity was examined using exploratory and confirmative factor analysis to determine the factor structures of the LTS; socio-demographic differences in LTS scores were examined using the t-test or ANOVA. Reliability was examined using Cronbach's α coefficient. Results: A four-factor structure was validated (χ²=640.0, p<.001, GFI=.81, RMSEA=.07, NNFI=.89, CFI=.89, PNFI=.74, Q [χ²/df]=2.60). The validity of the LTS was verified by exploratory factor analysis, with factor loading ranging from .30 to .80. There were significant differences in the accepting phase according to children's and parents' age and the type of disability, and in the wandering phase according to parental gender, educational level, job, and socioeconomic status. The Cronbach's αs for the reliability of each of the four structures were acceptable, within a range of .80~.90. Conclusion: The LTS is a valid and reliable measurement to assess the life transition process of parents with disabled children.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2015

Unlike daily hassles or minor stressors, immigration is an intense life event that may cause excessive stress. In particular, immigrant parents find themselves in a more stressful situation in that they experience stresses caused by immigration and stresses caused by parenting at the same time. The purpose of this study is to develop and validate an Immigrant Parental Stress Inventory (IPSI), that objectively and comprehensively assesses the stress experienced by immigrant parents within the Korean context. Based on the Immigrant Parental Stress Inventory developed within the American context, preliminary items were refined through a literature review and the discussions of experts and immigrant parents and were empirically validated with a sample of 203 immigrant parents residing in Korea. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, six main factors were identified (Factor1 Difficulties in communication, Factor2 Financial difficulties, Factor3 Difficulties in social adjustment, Factor4 Social discrimination, Factor5 Lack of social resources, Factor6 Difficulties in parenting). The IPSI was shown to be a psychometrically sound instrument that is capable of measuring immigrant parental stress within the Korean context. Social service professionals and researchers studying or working with immigrant families could use the IPSI to examine immigrant parental stress.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.23-33
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• 2018

Food adulteration and food fraud should not be neglected. The present study aimed to investigate the awareness of adulterated food and its management beliefs and capabilities among teenagers' parents. Data were collected from 425 adolescents' parents having different levels of income and education. The results of factor analysis indicated that adulterated food management beliefs was classified into attitude, necessity, and anxiety. The adulterated food management capability was sub-grouped into hygiene and nutrition, knowledge, citizen action and environmental grasp. The adulterated food management capabilities were significantly different according child's school, education level and monthly income (p<0.05). The attitude factor of adulterated food management beliefs appeared to have a significant (p<0.05) impact on all factors of adulterated food management capabilities, however the necessity factor had a significant (p<0.001) impact only on factor of hygiene and nutrition. The results of the present study suggested that parents need to be aware themselves as well as to teach their children about right food selection and consumption. The findings of the study might be useful in government policy planning regarding the public health issues and dietary education of adolescents and parents.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.61-94
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to investigate the several types of Korean parent's child rearing attitudes perceived by their children and the related variables. The study included the development of a "Children's Report of Korean Parent's Behavior Inventory"(CKPBI). Subjects were 1722 5th and 6th grade elementary school children from 5 urban cities in Korea. CKPBI and a Home Environment Questionnaire were used to gather data for the study. Stepwise multiple regression analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and factor analysis were conducted for the purpose of the study. A CKPBI which consists of 46 items for father's and 48 items for mother's was found as both a valid and reliable instrument for measuring the child rearing attitudes of Korean parents. A factor analysis resulted in identifying two factors both for mothers and fathers; they were the "Warmth factor" and "Rejection-Authority factor". Eight types of child rearing attitudes were found for Korean parents. The SES of family significantly predicted Korean parent's child rearing attitudes. The SES of the family, and sex of the child determined variations in Korean parents' child rearing attitudes. Maternal religion had a significant correlation with both boys' and girls' perceptions of parental attitudes. The results of this study indicate high inconsistency within each parent and high consistency between both parents.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.95-111
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to show general trends in the aspects of psychological family environment (parental communication), peer factor, academic performance factor, depression perceived by adolescents and to examine possible changes in such trends in accordance with demographic variables and the family structure environment (parental marital status, family economic status, and parents' education level), and then to determine the effect of these variables on adolescents' depression. The subjects were 1009 middle and high school students in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The main results were as follows: 1) Paternal communication was significantly lower in technical high school students, divorced/ separated parents, and families of lower economic status. Maternal communication was significantly lower in male students, divorced/sepa-rated parents, and families of lower economic status. Academic performance problems was significantly higher in males, technical high school students, divorced/ separated parents, families of lower economic status, and a less educated father. Peer relations was significantly lower in students of divorced / separated parents, and of families of lower economic status. Depression was significantly higher in technical high school students, divorced / separated parents, and families of lower economic status. 2) In the case of male students, paternal communication had both a direct and an indirect negative effect through peer relations on depression, while academic performance problems had both a direct and an indirect positive effect through peer relations on depression. Both peer relations and maternal communication had a positive and a negative direct effect on depression. School grade had both a direct and an indirect negative effect through paternal communication on depression. Parental marital status(divorced or separated) had both a direct and an indirect positive effect through academic performance problems on depression. Family economic status had only an indirect effect on discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.95-113
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• 2015

This study aimed to develop and validate a scale which could be used to evaluate mathematical interactions of parents with their young children. The subjects comprised 408 mothers of 4-6-year-old children. Means, standard deviation, $x^2$, Cramer's V, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlations, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were calculated. First, 49 items were developed through a review of relevant research, parent interviews, confirmation of item adequacy and content validity. These items were then edited down to a final list of 24 items representing 4 factors identified by exploratory factor analysis. Second, this 24-item. 4-factor scale was shown to have adequate construct validity, norm validity, and reliability by confirmatory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. In conclusion, the final mathematical interaction scale for young children's parents was composed of 24 items with 4 factors: "interaction regarding numbers and operations, measurements, and patterns", "interaction regarding data collection and result presentation", "interaction with picture books", and "interaction regarding shapes and figures"

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.19-33
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of mothers'depression and children's perception of parents' behavior on children's competencies. The subjects were 729 mothers and their children with grade 5 and 6 in the five elementary schools located in T city. Data were analysed by frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, one-way ANOVA, scheff test and regression analysis. The levels of mothers' depression were found to be statistically different according to the parents'educational level, fathers' occupation, and the average monthly house income. The degree of children's positive perception of parents' behavior was different according to the parents'educational level and average monthly house income. And the degree of children's competencies was different according to mother's age, parents'educational level, father's occupation and average monthly house income. Mother's depression affected children's perception of their parents' behavior, suggesting that the lower the degree of mother's depression is, the more positively children tend to perceive parents' behavior. The most important factor that affected the whole areas of children's competencies was the children's positive perception of their mothers'behavior, and the next important factor was mothers' depression.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.43-67
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to validate a scale which could measure the correct mediation behavior of parents for their children's smart media use. Methods: The subjects were comprised of 514 parents of 5-year-old children. The collected data were analyzed using Jasp. Results: First, in the primary validation process, a total of 19 items and five factors were extracted through exploratory factor analysis. Through secondary validation process, we found that the scale model satisfies the goodness-of-fit evaluation criteria and is valid through confirmatory factor analysis. The newly constructed parents smart media mediation scale in early childhood emerged as a valid and reliable scale. Second, it was found that the more parents pursue 'active mediation', 'instructive mediation', and 'supervision', and avoid 'co-viewing', and 'technical restrictions', the more they had a positive effect on children's smart media usage capabilities. Third, the total score of smart media mediation for young children's parents was found to significantly differentiate young children's smart media overdependence, and self-regulation. Conclusion/Implications: The final smart media mediation scale for young children's parents was composed of 19 items, with five factors: 'co-viewing', 'instructive mediation', 'technical restrictions', 'active mediation', and 'supervision'.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.115-125
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• 2015

This study is to analyze the preference of experiential activities and behavioral intention on rural tourism, with special focus on parents group of elementary students. The result can be utilized as basic data for demanding aspect of rural experiencing tourism. Two-step questionnaire survey was conducted, during May to July, 2915. Sample group was selected at 4 elementary school in Daegu city. 347 valid responses were analyzed with SPSS. Major results are as follows. Firstly, suggested model for 23 experiential activities in 7 types, were verified as valid by verifying factor analysis. Factor 1 was verified and named as 'Rual Life Experience', Factor 2 was verified and named as 'Health/Healing Experience', Factor 3, as 'Agricultural Product Experience', Factor 4, as 'Eco-Cultural Experience', Factor 5, as 'Leisure/Sports Experience', Factor 6, as 'Traditional Wellbeing Food Experience', and Factor 7, as 'Traditional Culture Experience'. All 7 factors explained 75.39% of total variance. Secondly, mean score of preference by each activity showed high in 'Health-care experience', 'Traditional food experience' and comparatively low in 'Collecting experience', 'Agricultural experience'. Thirdly, all 7 types(factors) of experience showed significant affecting relation to satisfaction, intention to participation and recommendation. Specially, 'Eco-Cultural Experience' and 'Rural Life Experience' showed high affecting relation. This could be the characteristics of parents group of elementary students.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.211-229
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• 2009

This study examined replication of the factor structure of the DAPC [Domain-specific Assessment of Psychological Control (Soenens et al., 2006)] in parents of Korean adolescents. Participants included 289 adolescents who responded to DAPC items regarding their parents' psychological control behaviors. Two factors comprising 17 items were identified and labeled as "achievement oriented psychological control", and "separation-anxious psychological control." Confirmatory factor analysis and partial correlation analysis provided evidence for the construct validity of the DAPC through construct reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity across both sex of parents and adolescents. The psychometric properties indicated that DAPC could be useful in studying parents' psychological control behaviors toward their adolescent children.