• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.47-62
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is comparing parenting efficacy, knowledge of infant-care and sensitivity, The subjects of this study were 100 parents having 12-24 monthes old child in the city of Jeonju, Korea. Parenting efficacy was developed by Shin, Suk-Jae(1997) and consisting of 16 questions. The knowledge of infant-care was assessed using Knowledge of Child Development Inventory(KCDI) by Yoon Hyung Ju, which was modified by pedology Professor and 3 graduate school students in master's or doctorate courses. In addition, by using a tool made by Gwon, Mi-Gyeong(1998) centering on the literatures on infant cue in Barnard's NCAST program, the parents' sensitivity of infant cue is investigated. The statistical analysis of the collected data is done with SPSS 10.0, and frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, t/F test and Pearson's correlation are also used. The results of this study were as following: First, mother's parenting efficacy was higher than father's. There were significant differences in parenting efficacy by eudcational level of mothers. Second, knowledge of infant-care was higher in mothers than fathers. Areas that mothers have knowledge of infant-care in the order of the lowest areas are emotional development, sociality development, physical development and cognitive development. Third, mothers reaction to infant cue is more sensitive and positive than father's. Fourth, There were positive correlations with father's parenting efficacy and knowledge of infant-care on emotional development, and paternal parenting uneasiness has negative correlations with his sociality development and emotional development.Meanwhile, There were positive correlations with mother's parenting efficacy and knowledge of infant-care on emotional development. Maternal parenting efficacy has negative correlations with her knowledge of infant-care on emotional development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

The subjects, 114 mothers with infants from 6- to 24- months of age, were administered the Infant Behavior Questionnaire-Revised(Gartstein & Rothbart, 2003), Adult Temperament Questionnaire(Derryberry & Rothbart, 1988) and Parenting Efficacy(Park & Rha, 2003; Lederman, Weigarten & Lederman, 1981) Boys were more distressed than girls in limitation and in falling reactivity/rate of recovery. Parenting efficacy was greater for mothers with daughters than mothers with sons. Infants' fear and distress to limitation correlated positively with mothers' sadness. Infants' attention span correlated positively with mothers' attentional control, inhibition control and positive control. Parenting efficacy was higher in mothers whose children fall asleep easily and have longer attention spans. Mothers' positive affect and activation control increased and frustration decreased parenting efficacy.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to identify degrees of factors influencing parenting self-efficacy in grandmother raising infant and toddler. Method: A convenience sample of 121 grandmothers whose grandchild was between 3 to 36 months old was used. The variables were health status, health problems and life event. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey and descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression were used to analyze using SPSS WIN 12.0. Results: The average score for parenting self-efficacy was 39.39(SD=5.09), somewhat higher than moderate in level. Factor that was significant in influencing parenting self-efficacy was life event. This factors accounted for 14.6% of explained variance. Conclusions: It was found that the life event was influenced to parenting self-efficacy in grandmothers raising infant and toddler. From this study it is proposed that there is a need to develop programs and policies which support them. Ultimately a good care environment for children will be good for the young children's growth and development.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-40
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• 2008

This study investigated the beliefs in Developmentally Appropriate Practice (DAP) of 447 mothers of 4- and 5- year-old children by mother's childhood experience, parenting efficacy, and parenting behavior. Results showed that mother's beliefs in DAP were related to children's age, early childhood educational institution, monthly household income, mother's educational background, mother's childhood experience, parenting efficacy, and parenting behavior. Mothers with higher beliefs in DAP were mothers of kindergarten rather than mothers of daycare children; they had 4 years or more college education, and more than $3000 monthly household income.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between mothers' parenting efficacy and parenting behaviors, home environment, and preschool children's learning behaviors. The participants consisted of 244 preschool children and their mothers in Seoul and GyeongGi-Do. The children's teachers rated the learning behaviors of each child whose mother returned our questionnaire. The collected data were subjected to general descriptive statistical analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's productive correlation. Results showed that learning behaviors of preschool children were affected by their sex, age, and mother's education. In addition, there were negative relationships between mothers' parenting efficacy, parenting behaviors, and learning behaviors of preschool children.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.4 s.82
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• pp.25-36
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the parenting stress, efficacy, and behaviors of Korean and Yanbian Korean-Chinese grandfamilies in which grandparents have sole responsibility for raising their grandchildren. Our sample consists of 74 grandparents and their grandchildren (43 Korean and 31 Yanbian Korean-Chinese). The data were analyzed through crosstabs analysis, 1-test, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that there are some differences based on the gender of grandparents, educational level, the reason for taking care of the grandchildren, and the grandparents' relationship with grandchildren between two ethnic groups. The results also show that parenting stress is higher for Korean grandparents' and parenting efficacy is lower than Yanbian Korean-Chinese. Also, Yanbian Korean-Chinese grandparents are higher in warmth and acceptance and lower in rejected and controlled parenting behaviors than Korean grandparents. There are strong relationships between parenting stress and parenting efficacy and between parenting behaviors and parenting stress and parenting efficacy for Korean grandparents, but not for Yanbian Korean-Chinese.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.150-160
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• 2023

This study aimed to identify the actor and partner effects of parenting efficacy, spousal support on parenting stress and depression in couples with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was used. Participants were 103 couples (103 husbands, 103 wives) with children with ADHD visiting child adolescent psychiatry clinic or community mental health center in Seoul, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0 and AMOS 20.0 program. Results: The parenting efficacy of husbands and wives had direct actor effect (β=-.69, p=.004; β=-.60, p=.004) and partner effect (β=-.22, p=.007; β=-.18, p=.026) on their parenting stress. In addition, husbands and wives's parenting efficacy had a direct actor effect (β=-.25, p=.031; β=-.21, p=.025) on their depression and indirect actor effect (β=-.25, p=.004; β=-.34, p=.004) through parenting stress on their depression. However, parenting stress did not show a partner effect on depression. Husband and wife's parenting efficacy had a direct effect (β=.46, p=.004; β=.25, p=.009) on perceived spousal support. The effects of husbands and wives were the same in actor effect size (χ² differences=0.74, p=.390) and partner effect size (χ² differences=0.20, p=.652) of parenting efficacy on parenting stress. In addition, the effect sizes of husbands and wives were the same in actor effect size (χ² differences=0.93, p=.334) and partner effect size (χ² differences=0.15, p=.704) for parenting stress and depression. Conclusion: The results of this study may provide the foundation for developing a nursing intervention program that can maximize interaction between couples with ADHD children.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.135-149
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to examine how perceived family-friendliness of community influences parents' efficacy and stress. This study asks three research questions: 1) what is the geographical boundary of community perceived by parents with pre-school children, 2) how the components of family-friendly community affect parents' perception on family-friendliness of their communities, 3) how the perceived family-friendliness of their community affects parenting efficacy and stress. Drawing on a sample of 628 parents(318 males, 310 females) who had at least one pre-school child, we analyze the data by frequencies, means and hierarchical regressions. The major findings are as follows. While the responses on the geographical boundary of community varies the most frequent response is 'Gu'. Both knowledge on family service infra and community social capital, which consist of family-friendly community, affect the perception of family-friendliness of community. The perceived family-friendliness of community is positively associated with parenting efficacy and negatively associated with parenting stress. The effect of the perceived family-friendliness of community on parenting efficacy disappears when social capital is included in the model. There is no such pattern in the association between the perceived family-friendliness of community and parenting stress.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) to improve the parenting efficacy of married immigrant women, and verify its effectiveness. In the CBT of this study, behavioral technique was added to cognitive reconstruction based on cultural context in order to improve parenting efficacy. The study selected 28 married immigrant women, and randomly divided them into a CBT group(10), a general treatment group(8) and a control group(10). The CBT and the general treatment programs consisted of 10 sessions, approximately 2 hours in duration. The results of the study were as follows. 1) The level of parenting efficacy was improved significantly in the CBT and the general treatment group. 2) The level of negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional parenting thoughts was significantly decreased only in the CBT group. 3) In the CBT and the general treatment group, the level of parenting stress and acculturative stress was decreased while the level of psychological well-being improved. On the other hand, the level of parent-adolescent communication was improved significantly only in the CBT group. 4) In comparison with the general treatment group, the CBT group showed higher parenting efficacy and lower automatic thoughts and dysfunctional parenting thoughts. This study has significance in its attempt to develop a parent training program to improve the parenting efficacy of married immigrant women by integrating behavioral modification and communication skills training focused on cognitive reconstruction of parenting-related negative thoughts and beliefs in application of the CBT paradigm.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.175-183
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify child-rearing practices and parenting efficacy of Marriage-Immigrant Women. Methods: The research design was a descriptive study using self-report questionnaires. Data were collected from May 16 to December 30, 2008. Marriage-immigrant women (n=186) were recruited in G Province, C Province and P city. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and correlation coefficients with SPSS 14.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: The mean score for child-rearing practices was $40.61{\pm}6.67$ and there were significant differences in child-rearing practices by nationality, and Korean language ability. The mean score for parenting efficacy was $67.67{\pm}12.14$ and there were significant differences in parenting efficacy by age, nationality, marital period, age of first child and Korean language ability. There were significant positive correlations between child-rearing practices and parenting efficacy (r=.227, p=.002). Conclusion: In this study, marriage-immigrant women showed a moderate level of child-rearing practices and parenting efficacy. Because child-rearing is mainly the mother's role in the family, knowledge, attitudes to child-rearing and parenting efficacy of mothers influence child-rearing practices and these then, affect children's health. Therefore child-rearing educational programs for marriage-immigrant women should be developed to support the mothers' child-rearing practices and improve parenting efficacy.