• 한국사회복지학
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• 제46권
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• pp.263-289
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• 2001

Many studies have shown that the parents of developmentally disabled children are adversely affected by the experience of raising a child of this type. However, the range of reactions to parenting a handicapped child is quite varied and is presumably affected by a wide variety of variables. This study examined a number of demographic and psychosocial variables to determine which particular combination could best predict the current level of stress and coping behavior of mothers. Among predictor variables, marital satisfaction and dysfunctional attitude are variables that I am particularly interested in which can mediate parental stress. Five variables are found to be related to the stress of mothers, that is, level of disability, level of needed help, marital satisfaction, type of disability, father's education level. Also variables that affect four different types of stress (which are four factors of QRS-F) are analysed and the results presented. Among these variables, some are pre-determined and some are intervenable. We should make an effort to make changes in those intervenable variables such as marital satisfaction, beliefs and attitude about disability, and level of needed help. In future research we need to search and clarify the beliefs and attitude that help mothers adjust to a life with a disabled child. Also governmental support and policy making to reduce the burden of these mothers should be accompanied as well.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.301-312
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mother's smartphone dependency and maternal guilty feelings on early childhood emotion regulation. The subjects were 326 mothers of 2 to 5 year olds. Mothers' smartphone dependency was assessed by the Korea Agency for Digital Opportunity & Promotion(2006), guilty feelings by the Maternal Guilt Scale(Sung 2011), and early childhood emotion regulation assessed by the ERC(Park 2012). The results of the study were as follows. First, mother's dependency on smartphones was highly related with early childhood emotion regulation. Maternal guilty feelingswere weakly related with child's emotion regulation. Relationship between mother's dependency on smartphones and maternal guilty feelingswasmoderate. Second, mother's positive expectations towardssmartphones and maternal guilty feelings from negative parenting behavior explained early childhood emotion regulation as much as 69%.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.49-63
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• 2010

The current study examined the effects of socio-demographic characteristics and peer relations on the emotional, behavioral, and comorbid disorder symptoms among low-low-SES children, using the Young Lives Survey: an International Study of Childhood Poverty: Round 1, 2002. Participants were 1,000 8-year-old children (502 boys and 498 girls) from low-low-SES families. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, t-tests, post hoc test (Scheffe's method), correlations, and multiple logistic regression analyses according to the analysis strategy. There was a moderate correlation between selected socio-demographic variables and emotional/behavioral disorder symptoms, and the caregiver's marital status, child's health compared to others, child's work status corresponded to significant differences in their emotional/behavior levels. Regarding the logistic regression analysis, in addition to the effects of socio-demographic variables reflecting the characteristics of less-developed countries, marital status, child's working status, and conflicts with peers proved to be detrimental to emotional, behavioral, or comorbid disorder symptoms in low-SES children, who have been lack quality parenting, social resources, and child human rights. Results indicated the need to develop health care services that would address those problems and appropriate intervention and prevention programs targeting children in low-income families. Moreover, careful assessment and intervention for child's health status, child's working status and peer relationship problems are suggested as possible strategies for helping children at risk of exhibiting further problematic behaviors.

• 정신분석
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2018

One of the most striking features of modern society in the 21st century, is increased levels of aggression. Aggression refers to aggressive or hostile behavior, and is manifested in suicide or an attack against others. Aggression in modern society is more accidental, reckless, and aimless than before. As more patients visit hospitals due to the serious problem of aggression control, we need to address the nature of this growing aggression. The authors analyzed sources and the nature of aggression, based on the movie 'American Psycho.' The main character of the movie, Patrick, is similar to many people today, with traits such as egotistical thinking, lack of empathy, demand for attention and admiration, and exploited and superficial relationships. Patrick's aggression is in reaction to narcissistic injury. Through this, one can think of pathological narcissism, behind growing aggression in modern society. There are a number of social and environmental factors, attributable to increasing narcissism in modern society. Among them, change in parenting practices, and parent-child relationships, is likely to have affected increase in narcissism in terms of personality development. In conclusion, when treating patients exhibiting aggression in psychotherapy, it is critical to fully consider the possibility of pathological narcissism and its use in analysis.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.19-34
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• 2020

Objective: This study investigated the effects of the firstborn's gender and temperament on the fertility intention and follow-up childbirth of parents. Methods: A total 120 firstborns and their mothers were selected from the sample of the Panel Study on Korean Children. Child temperament traits were measured by Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire(ECBQ) and mothers stated their fertility intention in 2009 when their first child was under 2 years old. Follow-up childbirth of mothers was assessed from the data of PSKC in 2016. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant difference by gender in follow-up birth. Among aspects of temperament, fertility intention was affected by the firstborn's inhibitory control and follow-up birth was affected by the firstborn's gender and discomfort. For mothers with a boy, the firstborn's soothability affected mothers' follow-up childbirth. Conclusion/Implications: These results imply that gender and temperament of the first child are connected to mothers' fertility intention and follow-up childbirth. Extra studies are required to clarify how those factors affect mothers' parenting or psychological status. Meanwhile, the firstborn's gender and temperament should be considered when developing support programs for families with one child in order to increase follow-up birth rate.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.79-99
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• 2022

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the significant factors affecting media device addiction using the data mining technique for large-scale data from the Panel Study on Korean Children Survey (PSKC). The PSKC data of this study were gathered from the elementary school students in their 10th survey (1,286 3rd grade students). Methods: The SPSS 21.0 program was used for data mining decision tree analysis, and the results are as follows. Results: First, the most important predictor of media device addiction was planning-organization which was among the sub-factors of executive function. Second, as a result of the decision tree analysis, the children with the highest probability of addiction to media devices were ones that had difficulties in planning and organizing, had mothers with a permissive parenting attitude felt difficulties in controlling behavior, and were alone at home for more than two hours a day without any adult supervision. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study can help guide the direction of future research related to children's addiction to media devices by exploring and analyzing factors that significantly affect children's addiction to media devices.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.10-29
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• 2023

Grit or perseverance as a factor for student success and life has gained increasing attention. Statistical methods have been the norm in analyzing various aspects of grit, but they do not address the transient and dynamic behavior well. We, for the first time, developed two linear dynamical models that specifically address the feedback structure of a child's desire to achieve a high grade point average (GPA) and the necessary effort that will increase stress between parents and a child. We call the dynamical model as GSES (Goal, Status, Effort & Stress). The two dynamical models incorporate the positive (i.e., achieving a high GPA) and the negative sides (i.e., effort and elevated stress and thus unhappiness) for being gritty or perseverant. Different types of parenting style and a child's characteristics were simulated whether parents and a child are empathetic or stubborn to their expectations and stress (i.e., willing or unwilling to change). Simulations show that when both parents and a child are empathetic to each other's expectation and stress, the most stable situations with minimal stress and effort occur. When a stubborn parent's and a stubborn child were studied together, this resulted in the highest elevation of stress and effort. Stubborn parents and a complying or empathetic child resulted in considerably high stress to a child. Interference from parents may unexpectedly result in a situation in which a child's stress is seriously elevated. The GSES model shows the U-shaped happiness curve (i.e., reciprocal of stress) caused by the increasing and then decreasing goal

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

Objectives The goal of the present study was to elucidate the characteristics of behavior problems in Sasang typology with child patients. Methods Subjects consisted of 176 (95 boys, 81 girls) children from 36 months to 83 months were diagnosed by two clinical experts in pediatrics and Sasang medicine. There were 22 So-Yang types, 141 Tae-Eum types, and 13 So-Eum types. The behavior problems were measured with Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and ANOVA (analysis of variance) was used for the analysis. Results There were no significant differences between Sasang types among subject's age (F(2, 173)=.190, p=.827) and sex (${\chi}^2$(2, N=176)=1.639, p=.441) as well as their mother's age (F(2, 169)=.060, p=.942) and education level (${\chi}^2$(4, N=172)=.394, p=.983) and their father's age (F(2, 168)=1.184, p=.309) and education level (${\chi}^2$(4, N=172)=5.664, p=.226). So-Yang types ($50.14{\pm}22.35$; $17.27{\pm}8.60$) had higher scores than Tae-Eum types ($38.74{\pm}21.32$; $12.62{\pm}7.98$) in total problems and internalizing problems score of the CBCL, respectively. More specifically, So-Yang types ($5.90{\pm}2.81$; $3.77{\pm}1.90$) had significantly higher depression/anxiety and somatization subscale score than Tae-Eum types ($4.04{\pm}2.73$; $2.30{\pm}2.12$). Scores of So-Yang types were significantly higher than those of CBCL clinical group in depression/anxiety and somatization subscales. Conclusions There were significant differences between child outpatients with different Sasang types, which would be taken into consideration concerning development of Sasang type diagnosis in addition to parenting, treatment, and prevention for children.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2017

Objectives: Executive dysfunctions including working memory deficit have been suggested to be one of the major neuropsychological etiologies of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the augmentative effects of working memory training on the behavioral problems, quality of life, and parental stress of medicated children with ADHD. Methods: Twenty-five children with ADHD, aged 9 to 19 years, who were being treated with ADHD medication, were included. The participants were trained with a commercially available and computerized working memory program ($Cogmed^{(R)}$) for 5 weeks without any alteration of their medication. The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), KIDSCREEN-52 quality of life measure, and Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) were administered before training, and 4 weeks and 7 months after training, respectively. Results: After completing the training, the anxiety/depression, social problems, thought problems, attention problems, aggressive behavior, and externalizing problems scores in the CBCL were significantly reduced. The score on the Parent-child dysfunctional interaction in the PSI-SF was also decreased. However, the scores related to the quality of life were not changed. These changes were still observed 7 months after the training. Conclusion: Cogmed working memory training can be a promising training option for the additional improvement of behavioral problems and parental stress in medicated children with ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2011

Objectives : This study examined maternal object relations, child's and mother's perception on rearing attitude, and children's self-esteem in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their mothers. Methods : 64 children with ADHD and their mothers were included in the study group. In the control group, there were 85 children and their mothers. Mothers completed the following tests : Bell object relation inventory (BORI), maternal behavior research instrument (MBRI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Korean ADHD Rating Scale (K-ARS). Children completed Children's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale. Results : Mothers of ADHD children displayed more rejecting and controlling parenting style than mothers in the control group. ADHD children showed lower self-esteem and perceived their parents as not affectionate, but rejecting and controlling. Mothers with ADHD children who belonged to object relations pathological group showed more rejecting rearing attitude and their children believed that they were more controlling, compared with children and mothers in other conditions. Among factors in mother's object relations, insecure attachment and ego-centricity impacted the rearing attitude. In turn, affective rearing attitude mainly influenced children's self-esteem. Conclusion : This study suggests that the approach focused on mother's object relations may help with the treatment of children with ADHD.