• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.339-351
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to inquire into how children's internet addiction is affected by home environments, computing environments, parental marital conflicts, parenting attitudes and parental monitoring and control as perceived by children. The study was conducted on 579 sixth graders at elementary schools located in Daejeon City. The data was analyzed by frequency, percentage, $X^2$, one way ANOVA, and scheffe analysis using the SPSS 18.0 version program. The results were as follows: first, out of 579 students, 5.0% were classified as at high-risk for addiction; 22.8% as at potential-risk; 72.2% as normal. Second, in the high-risk group, boys accounted for a higher percentage compared to girl students. Mothers' academic backgrounds and fathers' occupations affected the children's internet addiction. Third, the high-risk group tended to use the internet in internet cafes, to use it before going to elementary school, to use it for at least 4 hours once, and to use it to play games. Fourth, the high-risk group perceived parents marital conflicts as more frequent and more severer, as compared to other groups. Fifth, while the high-risk group perceived parenting attitudes as negative, the normal group perceived them as positive. Sixth, the potential-risk group and the normal group perceived parental monitoring and control as more frequent, as compared to the high-risk group.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.65-78
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• 2008

This study examined whether parental psychological control influences adolescents' depressive feelings through personality features of dependency and self-criticism. Participants were 315 high school students (M=16 years) who completed questionnaires tapping two types of parental psychological control and student personality and depressive symptoms. Both girls and boys perceived equal levels of maternal and paternal separation-anxious psychological control. Boys perceived higher achievement- oriented psychological control of fathers than mothers; girls perceived equal levels of maternal and paternal achievement-oriented control. Structural relations between types of psychological control, personality features, and depressive symptoms were equivalent for both mothers and fathers and for both boys and girls. Results confirmed that separation-anxious and achievement-oriented control have negative effects on adolescents' adjustment through differential pathways; dependency and self-criticism, respectively.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.51-71
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• 2021

본 연구는 20대 성인이 지각하는 부모의 심리적 통제와 사회불안 관계에서 내면화된 수치심과 정서표현 양가성의 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 실시되었다. 온라인으로 만 20대 성인 350명을 대상으로 하여 설문조사를 실시했다. 연구 결과 첫째, 부모의 심리적 통제, 내면화된 수치심, 정서표현 양가성과 사회불안 사이에 모두 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 둘째, 부모의 심리적 통제가 사회불안에 미치는 정적 영향이 있다는 것이 검증되었다. 즉 부모의 심리적 통제가 자녀가 지각하는 사회불안에 정적 영향을 준다고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 부모의 심리적 통제가 사회불안에 미치는 과정에서 내면화된 수치심과 정서표현 양가성의 매개효과가 검증되었다. 즉 부모의 심리적 통제가 사회불안에 정적 영향을 줄 때, 내면화된 수치심과 정서표현 양가성 모두 매개변인으로 기능하여 사회불안에 정적 영향을 준다고 할 수 있다. 이 결과는 국내의 아동청소년을 대상으로 한 선행연구뿐 아니라 20대를 대상으로 한 외국의 선행연구와도 많은 부분이 일치했다. 본 연구의 의의는 국내의 아동청소년 뿐만 아니라 20대 성인에게도 부모의 심리적 통제가 내면화된 수치심과 정서표현 양가성을 매개하여 사회불안에 영향을 미친다는 결과를 적용 가능함이 실증적으로 검증했다는 것과, 그 사회불안 감소에 관한 심리학적 개입의 필요성과 그 실제를 위한 기초자료를 제시했다는 것이다. 향후 연구과제와 한계점이 논의되었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.205-219
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was examine what extent fathers and mothers direr in their parental satisfaction and child-rearing practices, to identify the variables which were related to the parental satisfaction and child-rearing practices, and to investigate the relationships between parental satisfaction and child-rearing practices. The subjects for this study consisted of 245 fathers and 245 mothers of kindergarten children. Descriptive analysis, Cronbach's $\alpha$, t-tests, and correlations were used for data description and analysis. Results were as follows: $\circled{1}$ Paternal child-rearing practices were somewhat differed from maternal child-rearing practices, but parental satisfaction was not differed between fathers and mothers. $\circled{2}$ Factors contributed to patern satisfaction and child-rearing practices were somewhat differed from maternal satisfaction and child-rearing practices. $\circled{3}$ For both fathers and mothers, higher parental satisfaction was positively related to more reasoning guidance, affection, goal-oriented attitude, parental involvement, consistent nile-enforcement, and less authoritarian control.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.99-118
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• 2004

This study examined different individual and environmental factors that affect children's game addiction tendency. As individual variables, game user' motivation, self-control, and self-esteem were included in the analysis. As family variables, communications with mothers, parental control of children's computer use and parental internet use were examined, as school variables, school adjustment and teacher's supervision of children's computer use, and as peer variables, peer group's attitude toward computer games were used. The sample consisted of 994 fifth and sixth grade children. Statistics and methods used for the data analysis were Cronbach's alpha, frequency, percentage, two way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation and Hierarchical Regression. Several major results were found from the analysis. First, boys were addicted more than girls. No difference was found in the addiction tendency between the 5th graders and the 6th graders. Second, game users' motivation, that is, their interest-amusement motive, avoidance motive and aggressive motive, had a positive correlation with their game addiction tendency. However, self-control and self-esteem had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Third, problematic communications with mothers and parental control of children's computer use had a positive correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Open communications with mothers had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Fourth, school adjusaent had a negative correlation with children's game addiction tendency. And peer group's attitude towards computer games had a positive correlation with children's game addiction tendency. Fifth, low self-control, peer group's attitude towards computer games, children's interest-amusement motive, avoidance motive, aggressive motive, school lesson adjustment, parental control of children's computer use and school nile adjustment were important predicting variables of boy's game addiction tendency. Avoidance motive, low self-control, interest-amusement motive, peer group's attitude towards computer games, and parental control of children's computer use were important predicting variables of girl's game addiction tendency.

• 아동학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.149-165
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• 2006

This study examined the relationships of parental behavior control recognized by children and its effect on children's emotional intelligence and conflict resolution strategies in their peer friendships. Subjects were 521 $5^{th}$, $6^{th}$ grade elementary school Children in seoul. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation, multiple regression and path analysis. Result showed that parents' control of children's behavior affected children's conflict resolution strategies in peer friendships and affected their emotional intelligence. Path analysis showed that control by parents, demand for maturity and clarity of communication directly affected compromising-integrating strategies. Parental control was affected directly by dominating strategies. Controlling behavior by demand of maturity, clarity of communication and nurture influenced compromising-integrating, avoidance and concession strategies of children's emotional intelligence.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2002

The purpose of this study win to examine the relation between level of income, perceived parental behaviors, and ego-identity of school-aged children. The subjects were 356 children in the 6th grade selected from six elementary schools in Seoul and Keunggi-Do. The subjects were asked to complete the questionnaire on ego-identity and perceived parental behaviors. The data was analyzed by Mean, SD, Cronbach's α, Pearson's correlation and Multiple Regression. The major findings were as follows : 1. The level of income(antecedent variable) was significantly related with perceived parental behavior(mediator) and ego-identity of school-aged children(dependent variable). 2. The effects of level of income on ego-identity of school-aged children became lower after control of the effects of perceived parental behaviors. In other words, perceived parental behaviors partially mediated the effects of level of income on ego-identity of school-aged children.

• 아동학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.305-319
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• 2005

The subjects of this study were 210 fathers and mothers of 5-year-old preschoolers. Data were analyzed by correlation and regression. Results showed that "activity" was negatively related to children's self-control. Adaptability and rhythmics, however, were positively related to children's self-control in girl Mothers' imperative control was negatively but her position-oriented control and person-oriented control were positively related to the elf-control of boys. Mothers' position-oriented control and person-oriented control were positively related to the self-control of girls. but there were no significant relations found between mothers' imperative control and children's self-control Fathers' person-oriented control was related to the self-control of boys. Finally, both for boys and girls, "activity" was the most influential variable in children's self-control among the four sub-scales of temperament and parental modes of verbal control.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1301-1307
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• 2006

Purpose. To determine the effects of provision of information on mother's problem focused coping ability during their child's intravenous procedure. Methods. Data were collected from 56 mothers whose children have admitted to pediatric ward in the hospital. The participants included 27 intervention group mothers and 29 control group mothers. For the information intervention, 'Programmed Information for Parental Coping before Intravenous Procedure (PIPC- IP)', video program was made based on self-regulation theory for the experimental group mothers. Mother's coping ability was measured by parental supportive behavior, parental beliefs and Profile of Mood State (POMS). Results. Mothers who received PIPC-IP showed significantly higher levels of supportive behavior (t = 3.55, p = .005) and Parental Beliefs (t = 2.95, p = .005), but no significant difference in negative mood on POMS (t = .15, p = .87) compared to mothers in the control group. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that PIPC-IP is an effective intervention to increase the supportive behaviors and beliefs of mothers' problem focused coping ability but not the negative mood.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.415-427
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of expenditure on private education and stress caused by private education on the parental efficacy of mothers of junior and senior high school students. The subjects were 300 mothers of students who were enrolled in the junior and senior high school in Seoul and its suburbs. The results were as follows: First, the level of stress from private education was found to be higher than the degree of parental efficacy. Second, a hierarchical regression analysis was performed by using expenditure on private education and stress caused by private education as independent variables and the socio-demographic characteristics of mothers as control variables in order to identify their effect on the parental efficacy of mothers of junior and senior high school students. The results show that stress from private education and monthly income were significantly related to parental efficacy. That is, the lower the level of stress from private education and the higher the monthly income, the higher was the degree of parental efficacy. These findings suggest that expenditure on private education seems to be determined by the household income level; thus, income may affect psychological stress and parental efficacy of mothers with respect to the process of providing private education.