• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.537-546
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• 2016

The development of models for agriculture systems, especially for crop production, has supported the prediction of crop yields under various environmental change scenarios and the selection of better crop species or cultivar. Crop models could be used as tools for supporting reasonable nutrient management approaches for agricultural land. This paper outlines the simplified structure of main crop models (crop growth model, crop-soil model, and crop-soil-environment model) frequently used in agricultural systems and shows diverse application of their simulated results. Crop growth models such as LINTUL, SUCROS, could provide simulated data for daily growth, potential production, and photosynthesis assimilate partitioning to various organs with different physiological stages, and for evaluating crop nutrient demand. Crop-Soil models (DSSAT, APSIM, WOFOST, QUEFTS) simulate growth, development, and yields of crops; soil processes describing nutrient uptake from root zone; and soil nutrient supply capability, e.g., mineralization/decomposition of soil organic matter. The crop model built for the DSSAT family software has limitations in spatial variability due to its simulation mechanism based on a single homogeneous field unit. To introduce well-performing crop models, the potential applications for crop-soil-environment models such as DSSAT, APSIM, or even a newly designed model, should first be compared. The parameterization of various crops under different cultivation conditions like those of intensive farming systems common in Korea, shortened crop growth period, should be considered as well as various resource inputs.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 등기하 해석법을 이용하여 평면 탄성문제의 변분식을 유도하였다. 등기하 해석법은 새로이 부각되고 있는 해석법으로서 기저 함수가 NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) 로부터 직접 생성되므로 해 공간은 CAD 모델을 구성하는 함수로써 표현된다. 또한 CAD 모델의 B-Spline 기저 함수를 직접 사용하므로 기하학적으로 엄밀한 형상을 표현할 수 있고 요소망의 재구성 없이 해석모델을 정밀화(Refinement)할 수 있는 강점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 확장하여 연속체 기반의 애드조인트 설계 민감도 해석법을 사용하는 등기하 설계민감도 해석법을 유도하였다. 기존의 유한요소 기반형상 최적설계는 형상의 매개화에 어려움을 겪었으나 등기하 기반 최적설계에서는 기하학적 정보가 이미 B-spline 기저함수와 조정점에 포함되어 있으므로 이러한 어려움을 피할 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 몇몇 수치 예제를 통해서 등기하 해석법을 사용한 설계 민감도 해석을 수행하였으며 유한차분 민감도와 비교하여 정확성을 확인하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2008년도 정기 학술대회
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• pp.216-221
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• 2008

Shape design optimization for linear elasticity problem is performed using isogeometric analysis method. In many design optimization problems for real engineering models, initial raw data usually comes from CAD modeler. Then designer should convert this CAD data into finite element mesh data because conventional design optimization tools are generally based on finite element analysis. During this conversion there is some numerical error due to a geometry approximation, which causes accuracy problems in not only response analysis but also design sensitivity analysis. As a remedy of this phenomenon, the isogeometric analysis method is one of the promising approaches of shape design optimization. The main idea of isogeometric analysis is that the basis functions used in analysis is exactly same as ones which represent the geometry, and this geometrically exact model can be used shape sensitivity analysis and design optimization as well. In shape design sensitivity point of view, precise shape sensitivity is very essential for gradient-based optimization. In conventional finite element based optimization, higher order information such as normal vector and curvature term is inaccurate or even missing due to the use of linear interpolation functions. On the other hands, B-spline basis functions have sufficient continuity and their derivatives are smooth enough. Therefore normal vector and curvature terms can be exactly evaluated, which eventually yields precise optimal shapes. In this article, isogeometric analysis method is utilized for the shape design optimization. By virtue of B-spline basis function, an exact geometry can be handled without finite element meshes. Moreover, initial CAD data are used throughout the optimization process, including response analysis, shape sensitivity analysis, design parameterization and shape optimization, without subsequent communication with CAD description.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.1664-1673
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• 2016

Lithium rechargeable cells are used in many industrial applications, because they have high energy density and high power density. For an effective use of these lithium cells, it is essential to build a reliable battery management system (BMS). Therefore, the state of charge (SOC) estimation is one of the most important techniques used in the BMS. An appropriate modeling of the battery characteristics and an accurate algorithm to correct the modeling errors in accordance with the simplified model are required for practical SOC estimation. In order to implement these issues, this approach presents the comparative analysis of the SOC estimation performance using equivalent electrical circuit modeling (EECM) and noise suppression technique (NST) in three representative $LiCoO_2/LiFePO_4/LiNiMnCoO_2$ cells extensively applied in electric vehicles (EVs), hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and energy storage system (ESS) applications. Depending on the difference between some EECMs according to the number of RC-ladders and NST, the SOC estimation performances based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm are compared. Additionally, in order to increase the accuracy of the EECM of the $LiFePO_4$ cell, a minor loop trajectory for proper OCV parameterization is applied to the SOC estimation for the comparison of the performances among the compared to SOC estimation performance.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

본 총설에서는 액체층을 통과하는 기포의 크기, 형상, 상승속도를 결정하기 위한 이론들을 살펴보았다. 액체의 물리적 특성과 기포의 유량으로부터 기포의 크기, 형상, 상승속도를 체계적으로 계산하는 여러 가지 이론식 및 모수식들을 살펴보고, 각각의 장단점을 정리하였다. 이 분야에서 발표된 초기 저작들에서는 주로 반복계산을 통해 기포의 형상과 상승속도를 결정하는 기법들이 사용되었으나, 최근에 발표된 논문들에서는 간단한 모수식을 통해 기포의 형상과 상승속도를 반복계산 없이 쉽게 구하는 기법들이 제시되고 있다. 이러한 기법들은 매우 다양한 물리적 특성을 가지는 실험결과들과의 비교에서도 우수성을 보여주고 있어, 관련 분야의 연구에 매우 유용한 도구로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1015-1026
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• 2005

The southeastern coastal area of the Korean peninsula has a complex terrain including an irregular coastline and moderately high mountains. This implies that mesoscale circulations such as mountain-valley breeze and land-sea breeze can play an important role in wind field and ocean forcing. In this study, to improve the accuracy of complex coastal rind field(surface wind and sea surface wind), we carried out the sensitivity experiments based on PBL schemes in PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5), which is being used in the operational system at Korea Meteorological Administration. Four widely used PBL parameterization schemes in sensitivity experiments were chosen: Medium-Range Forecast (MRF), High-resolution Blackadar, Eta, and Gayno-Seaman scheme. Thereafter, case(2004. 8. 26 - 8. 27) of weak-gradient flows was simulated, and the time series and the vertical profiles of the simulated wind speed and wind direction were compared with those of hourly surface observations (AWS, BUOY) and QuikSCAT data. In the simulated results, the strength of rind speed of all schemes was overestimated in complex coastal regions, while that of about four different schemes was underestimated in islands and over the sea. Sea surface wind using the Eta scheme showed the highest wind speed over the sea and its distribution was similar to the observational data. Horizontal distribution of the simulated wind direction was very similar to that of real observational data in case of all schemes. Simulated and observed vertical distribution of wind field was also similar under boundary layer(about 1 km), however the simulated wind speed was underestimated in upper layer.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제33권5_1호
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• pp.521-535
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• 2017

탑재체를 포함한 위성은 발사 이후 문제 발생시 조치할 수 있는 방법이 한정적이므로, 지상시험지원장비를 이용하여 그 기능을 충분히 검증하여야 한다. 또한 위성의 개발기간이 단축되고 있는 추세와 지상시험지원장비의 개발 완료시점이 전장품 엔지니어링 모델 개발완료보다 앞서야 한다는 점을 고려하면, 지상시험지원장비의 조기 확보는 위성 전체의 개발일정 준수를 위해서 반드시 필요하다고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 지상시험지원장비의 일부인 탑재체 패킷 분석장치를 기능별 모듈화와 외부 파라메터화를 통해 시나리오 기반으로 동작할 수 있게 고안하여 고신뢰도의 지상시험지원장비 조기 확보방안을 제시하고, 구현한 장비를 실재 위성 개발사업에 적용한 결과를 보여준다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.105.2-117
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• 1992

The formation mechanism of the vortex streets in the lee of the mountain Is Investigated by a three-dimensional numerical model. The model is based upon the hydrostatic Boussinesq equations in which the vertical turbulent momentum flux is estimated by a turbulence parameterization scheme, but the horizontal viscosity is assumed to be constant. The results show that Karman vortex streets can form even without surface friction in a constant ambient flow with uniform stratification. The vortex formation is related to breaking of the mountain wave, which depends on the Froude number (Fr). In the case of a three-dimensional bell-shaped mountain, the wave breaking occurs when Fr is less than about 0.8, while a barman vortex forms when Fr is less than about 0.22. Vortex formation also depends on Reynolds number, which is estimated from the horizontal diffusivity. The vortex formation can be explained by the wave saturation theory given by Lindzen (1981) with some modification. Simulations in this study show that in the case of Karman vortex formation the momentum flux in the lower level is much larger than the saturated momentum flux, whereas it is almost equal to the saturated momentum at the upper levels as expected from the saturation theory. As a result, large flux divergence is produced in the lower layer, the mean flow is decelerated behind the mountain, and the horizontal wind shear forms between unmodified ambient wind. The momentum exchange between the mean flow and the mountain wave is produced by the turbulence within a breaking wave. From the result, well developed vortices like Karman vortex can be formed. . The results of the momentum budget calculated by the hydrostatic model are almost the same as nonhydrostatic results as long as horizontal scale of the mountain is 10 km. A well developed barman vortex similar to the hydrostatic one was simulated in the nonhydrostatic case. Therefore, we conclude that the hydrostatic assumption is adequate to investigate the origin of the Km8n vortex from the viewpoint of wave breaking.

• 대기
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2019

This study investigates the impacts of urban land-use fraction and temperature advection on the urban heat island intensity over the Seoul metropolitan area using the UM (Unified Model) with the MORUSES (Met Office Reading Urban Surface Exchange Scheme) during the heat wave over the region from 2 to 8, August 2016. Two simulations are performed with two different land-use type, the urban (urban simulation) and the urban surfaces replaced with grass (rural simulation), in order to calculate the urban heat island intensity defined as the 1.5-m temperature difference between the urban and the rural simulations. The land-use type for the urban simulation is obtained from Korea Ministry of Environment (2007) land-use data after it is converted into the types used in the UM. It is found that the urban heat island intensity over high urban-fraction regions in the metropolitan area is as large as 1℃ in daytime and 3.2℃ in nighttime, i.e., the effects of urban heat island is much larger for night than day. It is also found that the magnitude of urban heat island intensity increases linearly with urban land-use fraction. Spatially, the estimated the urban heat island intensities are systematically larger in the downwind regions of the metropolitan area than in the upwind area due to the effects of temperature advection. Results of this study indicate that urban surface fraction in the city area and temperature advection play a key role in determining the spatial distribution and magnitude of urban heat island intensity.

• 대한기계학회논문집 C: 기술과 교육
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

화력발전소의 보일러를 일정한 화력으로 가동하기 위해서는 일정한 통풍량을 유지시켜야 한다. Main Bearing Assembly Unit 일정한 통풍량을 유지시키기 위하여 Fan을 회전시킨다. 그러나 점차 발전량이 많아지는 반면에 발전을 위하여 투입되는 석탄의 질은 초기의 보일러 설계 기준보다 나빠지고 있다. 특히 원가절감의 일환으로 또는 자원의 고갈로 인한 고급품질의 석탄 확보가 어려움으로 인하여 점차 낮은 질의 석탄이 투입되고 있다. 이로 인하여 초기 설계시의 Main Bearing Assembly의 수명보다 약 절반의 수명인 2~3년의 주기로 Main Bearing Assembly의 정비교체가 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Main Bearing Assembly Unit의 역설계 해석을 통해서 수명단축의 원인을 분석하고 초기 목표 수명을 가질 수 있도록 새로운 시스템으로 개선하여 개발하고자 한다.