• 제목/요약/키워드: Paradoxical

검색결과 229건 처리시간 0.027초

농촌지역의 생활환경 만족수준이 이주의사에 미치는 효과 (Effects of the Satisfaction Level of Living Environment in Rural Area on the Migration Intension)

  • 김정태;신동호
    • 농촌계획
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2018
  • This study analyzes the effect of the level of satisfaction with the living environment of rural people on migration. The analysis data were used by the Rural Development Administration for the survey of welfare systems for farmers and fishermen in 2017, and samples of 3,776 were used for the analysis. The analysis variables were divided into a group of migrants, a group of permanent residents, and a group of decision-keeping, and the level of satisfaction with the living environment of each of the 10 rural areas was used as an independent variable. According to the analysis results, the basic living base and safety of rural residents were having a positive effect. The results show that the projects for developing rural areas, which increase the basic living base, are making substantial contributions to preventing the breakaway of the rural population. Safety has been neglected in the area of rural planning, but if the level of discontent is not enough, it has had the greatest impact on the livelihoods of rural residents. Welfare and cultural leisure set the main demand level for welfare and cultural leisure to the elderly and vulnerable classes, and interpret it as a result of weakened defense against stress from relocation of residence, difficulty of migration due to low income levels, and migration. Therefore, the paradoxical analysis results could be interpreted as showing that measures to increase the satisfaction of the people on welfare and cultural leisure should be taken.

스마트워크 상황에서 직무자율성의 개념화 고찰 (Reconceptualization of Job Autonomy in the Context of Smart Work)

  • 김용영
    • 한국융합학회논문지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.255-264
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    • 2022
  • 정보통신기술과 스마트기기의 발달, 그리고 COVID-19 팬데믹으로 인해 스마트워크를 활용하는 조직이나 개인이 늘어나고 있다. 최근 무선 정보통신기술의 발전에 기반을 둔 지속적 연결성으로 인해 스마트워크 방식으로 일하는 근로자들은 언제 어디서나 의사소통할 수 있고, 데이터와 정보를 주고받으며 업무를 수행할 수 있어 자신이 업무 방법, 시간, 장소 등을 결정할 수 있는 직무자율성이 증대된다. 하지만 기존 스마트워크 연구는 산업화시대에 개발된 직무자율성의 개념을 여전히 사용하고 있는 점, 다차원적으로 직무자율성을 실증하지 못하는 점, 스마트워크 도입으로 발생하는 역설적 '결속된 자율성'을 검증하지 못하는 점 등의 한계가 있다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 본 연구는 스마트워크 상황에서 직무자율성을 실증한 문헌을 고찰하였다. 이를 통해 본 연구는 기존 연구에서 스마트워크 상황에서 직무자율성을 어떻게 다뤄왔는지, 그리고 스마트워크 상황에 맞게 자율성의 유형을 어떻게 발전시켜야 하는지, 그리고 향후 실증연구를 위한 방안을 제시하였다.

The Kernohan-Woltman Notch Phenomenon : A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiologic Presentation, Surgical Management, and Functional Prognosis

  • Beucler, Nathan;Cungi, Pierre-Julien;Baucher, Guillaume;Coze, Stephanie;Dagain, Arnaud;Roche, Pierre-Hugues
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제65권5호
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    • pp.652-664
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    • 2022
  • The Kernohan-Woltman notch phenomenon (KWNP) refers to an intracranial lesion causing massive side-to-side mass effect which leads to compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the free edge of the cerebellar tentorium. Diagnosis is based on "paradoxical" motor deficit ipsilateral to the lesion associated with radiologic evidence of damage to the contralateral cerebral peduncle. To date, there is scarce evidence regarding KWNP associated neuroimaging patterns and motor function prognostic factors. A systematic review was conducted on Medline database from inception to July 2021 looking for English-language articles concerning KWNP, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The research yielded 45 articles for a total of 51 patients. The mean age was 40.7 years-old and the male/female sex ratio was 2/1. 63% of the patients (32/51) suffered from head trauma with a majority of acute subdural hematomas (57%, 29/51). 57% (29/51) of the patients were in the coma upon admission and 47% (24/51) presented pupil anomalies. KWNP presented the neuroimaging features of compression ischemic stroke located in the contralateral cerebral peduncle, with edema in the surrounding structures and sometimes compression stroke of the cerebral arteries passing nearby. 45% of the patients (23/51) presented a good motor functional outcome; nevertheless, no predisposing factor was identified. A Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of more than 3 showed a trend (p=0.1065) toward a better motor functional outcome. The KWNP is a regional compression syndrome oftentimes caused by sudden and massive uncal herniation and leading to contralateral cerebral peduncle ischemia. Even though patients suffering from KWNP usually present a good overall recovery, patients with a GCS of 3 may present a worse motor functional outcome. In order to better understand this syndrome, future studies will have to focus on more personalized criteria such as individual variation of tentorial notch width.

Spinal orexin A attenuates opioid-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in the rat

  • Youn, Dong-ho;Jun, Jiyeon;Kim, Tae Wan;Park, Kibeom
    • The Korean Journal of Pain
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.433-439
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    • 2022
  • Background: Repeated administration of opioid analgesics for pain treatment can produce paradoxical hyperalgesia via peripheral and/or central mechanisms. Thus, this study investigated whether spinally (centrally) administered orexin A attenuates opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH). Methods: [D-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly5-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO), a selective µ-opioid receptor agonist, was used to induce mechanical hypersensitivity and was administered intradermally (4 times, 1-hour intervals) on the rat hind paw dorsum. To determine whether post- or pretreatments with spinal orexin A, dynorphin A, and anti-dynorphin A were effective in OIH, the drugs were injected through an intrathecal catheter whose tip was positioned dorsally at the L3 segment of the spinal cord (5 ㎍ for all). Mechanical hypersensitivity was assessed using von Frey monofilaments. Results: Repeated intradermal injections of DAMGO resulted in mechanical hypersensitivity in rats, lasting more than 8 days. Although the first intrathecal treatment of orexin A on the 6th day after DAMGO exposure did not show any significant effect on the mechanical threshold, the second (on the 8th day) significantly attenuated the DAMGO-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, which disappeared when the type 1 orexin receptor (OX1R) was blocked. However, intrathecal administration of dynorphin or an anti-dynorphin antibody (dynorphin antagonists) had no effect on DAMGO-induced hypersensitivity. Lastly, pretreatment with orexin A, dynorphin, or anti-dynorphin did not prevent DAMGO-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Conclusions: Spinal orexin A attenuates mechanical hyperalgesia induced by repetitive intradermal injections of DAMGO through OX1R. These data suggest that OIH can be potentially treated by activating the orexin A-OX1R pathway in the spinal dorsal horn.

Magnetic resonance imaging study of incidental findings in the paranasal sinuses and ostiomeatal complex

  • Yousefi, Faezeh;Mollabashi, Mina;Shokri, Abbas;Tavakoli, Emad;Farhadian, Maryam;Tavakoli, Ali
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • 제52권1호
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    • pp.11-18
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: This study aimed to assess incidental abnormal findings in the paranasal sinuses and anatomical variations of the ostiomeatal complex (OMC) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Materials and Methods: MRI scans of 616 patients (mean age, 44.0±19.4 years) were evaluated. Prior to obtaining the MRI scans, a checklist of patients' clinical symptoms was filled out after obtaining their consent. The Lund-Mackay classification was used to assess the paranasal sinuses and OMC. The prevalence of abnormal findings and their associations with patients' age, sex, and subjective symptoms were analyzed by the chi-square test, independent-sample t-test, and analysis of variance. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: Abnormal findings in the paranasal sinuses were detected in 32.0% of patients, with a significantly higher prevalence in males (P<0.05), but no significant association with age (P>0.05). Epithelial thickening and retention cyst were the most common abnormal findings in the paranasal sinuses. According to the Lund-Mackay classification, 93% of the study population had normal sinuses (score<4). Concha bullosa and paradoxical concha were detected in 15.3% and 3.4%, respectively, with no significant association with the presence of septal deviation or Lund-Mackay classification (P>0.05). Conclusion: Considering the relatively high prevalence of abnormal findings in the paranasal sinuses, it appears that clinical symptoms alone are not sufficient to diagnose sinusitis. A more accurate strategy would be to assess radiographic images of the paranasal sinuses and use a classification system. Sinusitis should be suspected in patients receiving a high score in this classification.

아동기 학대 경험이 인지적 정서조절 능력 및 관련 뇌영역 기능에 미치는 영향 (Alterations in Functions of Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Related Brain Regions in Maltreatment Victims)

  • 김승호;이상원;장용민;이승재
    • 생물정신의학
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    • 제29권1호
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2022
  • Objectives Maltreatment experiences can alter brain function related to emotion regulation, such as cognitive reappraisal. While dysregulation of emotion is an important risk factor to mental health problems in maltreated people, studies reported alterations in brain networks related to cognitive reappraisal are still lacking. Methods Twenty-seven healthy subjects were recruited in this study. The maltreatment experiences and positive reappraisal abilities were measured using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, respectively. Twelve subjects reported one or more moderate maltreatment experiences. Subjects were re-exposed to pictures after the cognitive reappraisal task using the International Affective Picture System during fMRI scan. Results The maltreatment group reported more negative feelings on negative pictures which tried cognitive reappraisal than the no-maltreatment group (p < 0.05). Activities in the right superior marginal gyrus and right middle temporal gyrus were higher in the maltreatment group (uncorrected p < 0.001, cluster size > 20). Conclusions We found that paradoxical activities in semantic networks were shown in the victims of maltreatment. Further study might be needed to clarify these aberrant functions in semantic networks related to maltreatment experiences.

한국 내 중국 유학생의 학습태도 유형 분석 - Q방법론적 접근 - (An analysis of Learning Attitude among the Chinese Students in Korea - focused on the Q Methodology -)

  • 이장패;이효휘;박창언
    • 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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    • 제7권6호
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 한국 내 중국 유학생의 학습태도 유형을 분석하고, 각 유형별 특징을 파악하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 질적 연구방법과 양적 연구방법의 장점을 갖춘 방법론으로 개인의 생각이나 태도와 같은 주관적 행위를 객관적으로 측정할 수 있는 Q방법론을 적용하였다. 연구의 결과 중국 유학생의 학습태도 유형은 네 가지로 분류되었다. 제1유형은 자기 자신에 대하여 만족감을 느끼지만, 학습 환경 및 자원에 대하여 불만이 있는 '학습 환경 불만형', 제2유형은 대학생활에 잘 적응하면서 즐겁게 공부하는 '적극융합형', 제3유형은 학위취득의 목표를 두지만 학습을 위한 의지가 부족한 '학습동력 부족형', 제4유형은 자신의 생각과 행동이 다르게 나타나는 '갈등·혼란형'이다. 논의 결과 중국 유학생이 고향에 떠나 외국에 유학하는 과정에서 성공적인 학습을 위하여 학습에 대한 동기를 명확하게 가지고, 한국어 능력을 더 높여야 하며, 학습방법의 정확한 이해와 활용이 필요하였다. 향후 중국인 유학생이 더욱 늘어나 것에 대비해 학습태도 조절과 학업의 적응을 위한 노력이 대학과 국가적 차원에서 지원할 수 있는 여건을 보다 적극적으로 행할 필요가 있다.

Postmodern Animality and Spectrality: Ted Hughes's Wodwo and Crow

  • Park, Jung Pil
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제58권6호
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    • pp.1143-1165
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    • 2012
  • Tinted with ontological concern, Ted Hughes passes through an existential climate, eventually confirms death( or nothingness) as the new foundation of his poetry, and explores the various paradoxical effects of nothingness. Nihilism, fraught with rather negative and traumatic themes such as death, melancholy, and despair can, however, generate being (even in multiple modes), animalistic vitality, and insubstantial specters. Among these new functions of nothingness animality and spectrality are the most notable in Hughes's poetry. A considerable number of animals and bioorganisms that Hughes introduces exhibit the enormous energy derived from the dignity of death, from subversive challenges against the established hierarchy, and from new and dynamic multifaceted sources of nothingness. In other words, Hughes's animals, yield surplus power beyond themselves, as if they are demi-gods; in short, they feature the sublime as unidentified terrifying effects of nothingness. In a sense, animality means allowing some level of violence without legal sanction. Hughes inaugurates this kind of all bigotry-eradicating violence and attempts to subvert higher beings such as humans and gods, and existing doctrines: thrushes rise up against the animal and human worlds; a rush of ghostly crabs at night press through the human world. Hughes also resists the highest being, God, employing the technique of rewriting God's theology. Dirty, anomalous crows attack, subvert, and dismember the delicate, indurate, and thorough system of logos. Hughes, of course, does not place the animals merely in lofty regard, aware of the ulterior deprivation of the sublime animality, the trace of existential negativity. Thus, a seemingly omnipotent crow can become a mere beggar guzzling ice cream from the garbage bin on the beach. In addition, the violent and dignified aspects of nothingness can be transformed to reveal the thin and trivial traits as unreliable specters. Dark, heavy, and terrible nullity lessens its own volume and mass, and exposes the airy waves of shadows or specters. However, owing to nullity's untraceable track, the scarcity and unfamiliarity of the phantoms inversely display their foreign gigantic effects such as fantasy and violence.

Sturge-Weber 증후군의 뇌관류 SPECT 영상: 자기공명영상과의 비교 (Brain Perfusion SPECT Imaging in Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Comparison with MR Imaging)

  • 류진숙;최윤영;문대혁;양승오;고태성;유시준;이희경
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제30권1호
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    • pp.56-64
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    • 1996
  • 목적 : 본 연구는 Sturge-Weber 증후군환자의 뇌관류 SPECT와 MRI를 비교해 봄으로써 이들 환자에 동반되는 특징적인 뇌관류 변화를 평가하고자 시행하였다. 방법 : 대상환자는 Sturge-Weber 증후군으로 진단된 3개월에서 12세에 이르는 5명의 환아로 모두 간질의 병력이 있었으며, MRI를 시행후 2주이내에 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO 또는 $^{99m}Tc$-ECD를 주사하고 삼중헤드 감마카메라에서 뇌관류 SPECT를 시행하였다. 결과 : 석회화를 동반되지 않은 3개월, 9개월, 3년 5개원의 3명의 환아에서는 MRI상 피질의 경미한 위축 소견과 함께 조영증강후 병변부위에 띠모양의 조영증강이 뇌피질을 따라서 관찰되었는데 뇌관류 SPECT상에는 이 부위에 경미한 관류감소 소견을 보였다. 3개월된 다른 1명의 환아에서는 MRI상 우측 대뇌 반구에 피질의 위축소견없이 대뇌피질을 따라 띠모양의 조영증강이 있고, T2강조 영상에서 나이에 비하여 수초화가 항진된 소견을 보였는데 뇌관류 SPECT상에서는 이 부위에 현저한 미만성 관류증가를 보였고, 6개월 뒤 추적 시행한 뇌관류 SPECT상에서는 다른 환아와 마찬가지로 병변부위의 관류저하가 관찰되었다. 또한 석회화가 동반된 12세 환아에서는 MRI상 심한 뇌위축과 함께 병변이 있는 우측 대뇌반구에 뇌관류 SPECT상 관류저하소견이 있었으나 일부 우측 측두엽에는 오히려 국소적으로 혈류가 증가된 부위가 있었다. 결론 : 이상에서 Sturge-Weber 증후군 환아의 뇌관류 SPECT 소견은 MRI상의 병변부위와 대체로 일치되는 관류저하를 보였다. 그러나 조기 병변의 환아에서 병변부위에 관류증가를 보이거나, 진행된 병변f에서도 오히려 국소적인 관류증가 부위를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이들 병변에서 관류가 증가되는 현상에 대해서는 설명하기 어려우나 Sturge-Weber 증후군의 병태생리를 이해하기 위한 향후 더 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

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18세기 고고학적 풍경화에 대한 연구: 파니니의 카프리초를 중심으로 (A Study on the Archaeological Landscape-painting of the 18th century: Focusing on the Capriccio of Giovanni Paolo Pannini)

  • 김정락
    • 미술이론과 현장
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    • 제16호
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    • pp.175-199
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    • 2013
  • Capriccio which has emersed in Italy of the 18th century is a new genre of the landscape painting. This genre represents reality, but it is very artificial product correspondingly its concept and character. It's birth place is distributed on various regions in Italy, but the main stage was Rome. Till the middle of the 18th century Rome was the Holy city of the Grand tour, the home of the Neo-Classicism and furthermore the field where archaeology and art history began to be instituted. On such historical situation the Capriccio came out and was recognized as the best popular genre in the visual art. It was favor of the art collection with the antiquity together and reflected the consciousness of the contemporary to the ancient. This study will examine the phenomena in the newly-developed archaeology and with few representative works of Giovanni Paolo Pannini as central term consider the Capriccio and the archaeological connotation. The systematical and institutional archeology which appeared at the age of the Enlightenment, on the contrary to the critical theories at the same time against capriccio, because it was regarded by them as paradoxical and too much sensitive, utilized it as a theoretical method very actively. Some among Historians and archaeologists did it, especially Francesco Bianchini distinguished the capriccio from simple imagination and made it a capacity of the knowledge. And through it he wanted to find out the historical truth. The visual art was influenced and encouraged by such attitude of the archaeology. However it's output spreaded out in various courses. While Giovanni Battista Piranesi, the best known Capriccist of the 18th century, tried to revive the antique through the epical value and his own imagination, Pannini gave priority to the strict historical research. In the such context Panni succeed Giovanni Battista Nolli who made the great map of the city Rome. Their Capriccio profited motive and was inspired by the historians and archaeologists such as Bianchini and Muratori. The Capriccio reflects not only the academic and popular interest for the antique, but also influenced on the upcoming scientific archaeology vice versa. It caused by their reasonable Interpretation and restoration of the antique through the visual medium. Finally as archaeological landscape Pannini's Capriccio is a historical case, in that the Capriccio applied the theoretical method of the archaeology to make art. It served as a momentum for the connotation to the archaeological thought.

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