• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to evaluate flame retardant performance, thermal stability and toxicity of combustion gases for some commercial wallpapers. ID evaluate flame retardant performance 45 degree combustion experiment method was used and thermal stability was evaluated using DSC and TGA apparatus (OSC-50/Shimadzu, TGA2050/TA Instruments Inc) . Concentrations of CO, $CO_2$, HCN and HCI were measured with (GASTEC/Japan, MSA400 Gas Monitor/Infitron Inc) and toxicity indices using NIST N-Gas Model were applied to evaluate the toxicity of combustion gases. The evaluation produced the following results : First, paper cork and PVC wallpaper treated with flame retardants were found to be suitable for flame retardant performance standards. Second, paper, cork and PVC wallpaper non-treated with flame retardants were shown to be relatively more hazardous because they had greater calorific values and a faster decomposition time than the flame retardant treated wallpapers. Third, the toxicity indices of non-treated wallpapers were found to be higher than those of treated wallpapers, and the toxicity index of PVC wallpapers was higher than those of paper and cork wallpapers.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2006

This study was carried out to explore a new application of traditional Hanji and obtain fundamental properties for producing Hanji wallpaper by incorporating ceramics from wood and rice-husk as an interior building material. The results of properties determined were summarized as follows: The addition of ceramics in Hanji paper reduced its apparent density, but increased bulk density due to the ceramic particles distributed on the surface and inside the fiber of Hanji wallpapers. In particular, woodceramic particles were specifically distributed on the fiber surface, while particles of rice-husk ceramics were permeated into the inside surface of fibers. The density of rice-husk ceramics were greater than that of woodceramics. The physical properties of Hanji wallpapers, such as breaking strength, wet breaking strength, burst strength, tear index and folding endurance were deteriorated with the addition of ceramics. However, the addition of woodceramics in the Hanji wallpaper resulted in better strength in most cases than that of rice-husk ceramics, except tear strength. Therefore, an optimum addition level of woodceramics into the wallpaper was found to be 5% on the basis of intensity. The addition of ceramics also prolonged the combustion time because it lowered air permeability and brightness of the wallpaper.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

In this paper, we introduced a POS(Point of Sale) system for a wallpaper company. We designed the database schema for the POS system, and proposed various application areas of the POS system. Especially, we discussed such application areas as inventory control, marketing, product development, and distribution channel. The quality of product management is enhanced by precise ABC inventory control and safety stock control. Marketing strategies can be more precisely established, and their effects can be measured. The development time can be shortened and new products can be developed based on the real market demands. Distributors can improve their management quality using precise sales data.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.827-842
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• 2010

In this paper, actual didactical transposition and dramatization of designing patterns presented in 4th grade mathematics curriculum is critically reviewed. Patterns in designing patterns are not wallpaper patterns generally. The method of designing new patterns using unit given pattern are not the same as the method of designing wallpaper patterns. In the viewpoint of not designing wallpaper patterns, the context of designing new patterns using unit given pattern is said to be putting transparent stickers. In this paper, on the premise of this characteristics, the shape of unit given pattern, the method of designing new patterns using unit given pattern, and the rule of putting unit given patterns continually are critically discussed. The shape of unit given pattern have to be square actually. In designing new patterns using unit given pattern, if the regularities of designing new patterns can be presented, any regularity is fine. Even though the relationship between new patterns and wallpapers designed by using unit given pattern is not clear, in that these two patterns can not be unrelated, designing new patterns using unit given pattern could be an example of wrong elementarization(Freudenthal, 1973).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.17-21
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• 1997

This study was carried out to develop the manufacturing technique of Korean paper(Hanji) and find out new uses of machine-made Hanji produced on a a large scale by paper machine. Six kinds of Hanji were made and laminated with backpaper by acryl-based or vinyl acetate ethylene-based adhesive. Six kinds of wallpapers were made such as WH 1, WH 2-1, WH 2-2, WH 3-1, WH 3-2 and WH 4. Physical properties and quality test on the wallpapers were examined. Physical strength of the wallpapers was better than each strength of the Hanji and backpaper. It might be a roll of adhesive. And so, Production cost of the Hanji could be brought down if the Hanji was made thin to get strength not enough to cut during lamination of two papers(Hanji and backpaper). Hanji wallpapers of WH 3-1 and WH 4 are lower than a standard in sunlight resistance and WH 1 is in properties of opacity. WH 2-1, WH 2-2 and WH 3-2 were better than Korean standard in some quality tests. WH 2-2 and WH 3-2 were superior to other wallpapers as a whole. About, twenty kinds of wallpapers with surface treatment, are now being produced on the basis of these two types of wallpapers.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.59-69
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• 2016

This study aimed to understand the importance of applying finishing materials into interior space, and to add meaning to the creation of functional space, associated interior finishing materials with brain science. To achieve this purpose, brainwave(EEG) experiment was conducted. The brainwave appearing when sensing the surface of interior finishing materials with hands was measured. The locations of the electrode were FP1, FP2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2, F7, F8, T3, T4, T5, T6, CZ, FZ, and PZ and in addition to these, AFZ was added. Eight(8) kinds of finishing materials: metallic material, film paper, lumbar, stone, glass, silk wallpaper, fabric, and paint were used to measure '${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$ wave.' As a result, it was found that the most activated finishing material in term of relaxation was film paper, followed by metallic, glass, paint, fabric, stone, lumbar, and silk wallpaper. To explain in light of this, (1) '${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$ wave' was the most activated at ch1-FP1 and ch2-FP2, and at ch17-AFZ and ch19-FZ, which indicated that metopic-prefrontal lobe showed the highest activation in relaxation. Film paper, among the finishing materials, showed the highest increase in relaxation. (2) In general, '${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$ wave' relaxation was inhibited at ch13-T3 and ch14-T4, and at ch15-T5 and ch16-T6 and the arousal in the temporal lobe was prominent. Silk wallpaper, among the finishing materials, showed the highest arounsal effect. As a result of measuring the superficial touch on the silk wallpaper, which was regarded as the most rough material among the eight finishing materials, the arousal effect of ${\alpha}$-wave against ${\beta}$-wave, among the brainwave characteristics, was found to be the highest. (3) to judge from the scope of this experiment regarding the tactile sensation over the finishing materials, it is considered that the brainwave reaction sometimes appeared contrastive depending on whether the surface was smooth or rough and there also appeared a difference in relaxation and arousal reaction of the brainwave depending on whether the surface was hot or cold, but the sensation on the surface texture was often evaluated differently depending on who you were. For this reason, this study has some limitations.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.599-607
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to reevaluate the performance of Hanji as an architectural material. Hanji has good things in controlling indoor space comfortably. Particularly, ability of controlling humidity of Hanji affects indoor space comfort and human health. The major focuses of this experimental research are (1) how much of water vapor passes through Hanji, (2) how much of water vapor is absorbed into Hanji. In the first case, indoor humidity is higher than outdoor humidity. In this case, approximately 38 g of water vapor passes through Hanji 1, genarally utilized in window paper (Changhoji), per square meter in one hour. And approximately 4 g of water vapor is absorbed into Hanji 2, genarally utilized in wallpaper, per square meter. In the second case, outdoor humidity is higher than indoor humidity. In this case, Hanji passes water vapor to inner space at first, but when indoor relative humidity reach approximately 66%, although outdoor humidity is higher than indoor humidity, water vapor doesn't pass through Hanji. If Hanji is utilized in window material and wallpaper, indoor space is maintained comfortably without mechanical devices in humidity control.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.38 no.2 s.115
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

This study was carried out to develop a new application field of traditional Hanji and obtain the basic data for producing functional Hanji using sawdust ceramics and rice-husk ceramics as an architectural material. The results measuring water vapor permeance and water vapor absorption for using window materials and wallpapers are as follows. Hanji wallpaper has good things in controlling indoor space comfortably. Particularly, ability of controlling humidity of Hanji wallpaper affects indoor space comfort and human health. In the case indoor humidity is higher than outdoor humidity, according to the addition of ceramics, Hanji wallpapers maintain the humidity by retaining water vapor molecules in the pores of ceramics. Thus the Hanji wallpapers with ceramics, in particular rice-husk ceramics, make it superior to non-ceramics Hanji wallpapers in maintaining the humidity indoors.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.57-62
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• 2008

Most of all the Korean home use a wallpaper as a decoration and finishing of interior. One of the fire spread factor in a house is a combustion of wall paper. There were some research concerning oxygen index in a ambient temperature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of oxygen index of a wallpaper between ambient and high temperature and a effect on the fire spreading. Based on the result, the difference of oxygen index between ambient temperature and high temperature showed $5{\sim}8%$. Difference of 0.1% of oxygen index show big differences in combustion length of sample. Therefore, it was found that the decrease of oxygen index at elevated temperature is a important factor in fire spread.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2007

For the purpose of antibacterial and photocatalystic deodorization functions, the papermaking inorganic fillers and pigments were surface-modified with Ag nano-colloidal solution and $TiO_2$ by using the hybridization technique. The functional specialty sheets and coating papers were produced with the surface-modified fillers and pigments, and evaluated by halo test and inhibition growth test in their antibacterial and photocatalystic characteristics. For the application of specially produced antibacterial handsheet to the wallpaper usages, the photocatalyst efficiency test of benzene in volatile organic compound dissolution experiment of antibacterial and deodorization function wallpaper showed that the efficiency was 45~50% for 80 min of reaction time and 90% of attained resolution was reached at approximately 30 min of response time.