• Title/Summary/Keyword: Palmitoleic acid

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Carrot Juice Administration Decreases Liver Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 and Improves Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels, but Not Steatosis in High Fructose Diet-Fed Weanling Wistar Rats

  • Mahesh, Malleswarapu;Bharathi, Munugala;Reddy, Mooli Raja Gopal;Kumar, Manchiryala Sravan;Putcha, Uday Kumar;Vajreswari, Ayyalasomayajula;Jeyakumar, Shanmugam M.
    • Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.171-180
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    • 2016
  • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent liver diseases associated with an altered lifestyle, besides genetic factors. The control and management of NAFLD mostly depend on lifestyle modifications, due to the lack of a specific therapeutic approach. In this context, we assessed the effect of carrot juice on the development of high fructose-induced hepatic steatosis. For this purpose, male weanling Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups, fed either a control (Con) or high fructose (HFr) diet of AIN93G composition, with or without carrot juice (CJ) for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, plasma biochemical markers, such as triglycerides, alanine aminotransferase, and ${\beta}$-hydroxy butyrate levels were comparable among the 4 groups. Although, the liver injury marker, aspartate aminotransferase, levels in plasma showed a reduction, hepatic triglycerides levels were not significantly reduced by carrot juice ingestion in the HFr diet-fed rats (HFr-CJ). On the other hand, the key triglyceride synthesis pathway enzyme, hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), expression at mRNA level was augmented by carrot juice ingestion, while their protein levels showed a significant reduction, which corroborated with decreased monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), particularly palmitoleic (C16:1) and oleic (C18:1) acids. Notably, it also improved the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6) content of the liver in HFr-CJ. In conclusion, carrot juice ingestion decreased the SCD1-mediated production of MUFA and improved DHA levels in liver, under high fructose diet-fed conditions. However, these changes did not significantly lower the hepatic triglyceride levels.

Lipids Constituents of the Korean Marine Sponges (한국산 해면의 지질 성분 연구)

  • Kim In Kyu;Park Sun Ku;Park Sung Hye;Jhang Sung Keun
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.85-89
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    • 1991
  • Various sterols and uncommon fatty acids have been isolated from the three species of Korean marine sponges. Odd-numbered pentadecanoic, heptadecanoic methyl ester and branched 12-methyltetradecanoic, 14-methylpentadecanoic, 15-methylhexadecanoic and 14-methylhexadecanoic methyl ester were isolated along with common tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic methyl ester from Heteropiidae sponge Vosmaeropsis japonica Hozawa collected from Sohuksan island of the Korea sea. Futher elution with more polar solvent gave 5${\alpha}$-cholestan-3${\beta}$-ol along with minor amount of ergost-25-ene-3${\beta}$,5${\alpha}$,6${\beta}$-triol. On the other hand, marine sponge Hymeniacidon sinapium collected from Yesu Dolsan island of the Korea sea was shown to contain 5${\alpha}$-cholestan-3${\beta}$-ol, along with minor amount of cholesterol, palmitic, palmitoleic, oleic, stearic, linolenic, and arachidonic acid ethyl ester. Unknown marin sponge collected from the same region was shown to contain large amount of tetradecanoic tetradecyl and hexadecyl ester and cholesteryl acetic and fatty acid ester.

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Effect of Thawing Methods and Storage Time on Physicochemical Characteristic and Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Content of Frozen Duck Meat

  • Heo, Kang-Nyeong;Hong, Euichul;Kang, Bo-Seok;Park, Byoungho;Cha, Jae-Beom;Choo, Hyo-Jun;Kwon, Il;Kim, Ji-Hyuk
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.46 no.4
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    • pp.223-234
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    • 2019
  • This study investigated the effects of thawing methods and storage time on the quality of frozen duck meat. Meat was obtained from eight-week-old Korean native ducks (average weight=2.8 kg). Seventy-two samples were divided into eight treatments (three replicates/treatment, three samples/replicate) with 2 × 4 factorial arrangement based on two thawing methods (under running water at 12℃ for 3 h and in a refrigerator at 5℃ for 24 h) and four storage times (1, 3, 6, and 12 months). CIE b* was significantly different among different storage time treatments, reaching its lowest after 6 months (P<0.05). Cooking loss did not differ between storage times; however, it was significantly lower following application of the fast thawing treatment (P<0.05). Water-holding capacity of meat stored for one month was highest compared to that of meat stored for a longer period (P<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences based on storage time in γ-linoleic acid (C18:3n6) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) contents (P<0.01), as well as in protein contents (P<0.05). Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7) typically decreased after three months of storage; however, this decline was not significant compared to other storage times. Essential amino acids contents, except methionine, were significantly difference at six and 12 months of storage (P<0.05). Similarly, non-essential amino acid contents, except tyrosine, were significantly different among storage periods (P<0.05, P<0.01). Alternatively, there were no significant differences in the chemical composition, fatty acid content, or amino acid content based on the thawing method.

Fatty Acid Biosynthesis of Chicken Fed Various Long Chain Fatty Acids (닭에서의 지방산(脂肪酸) 생합성(生合成)에 미치는 급여지방산(給與脂肪酸)의 영향(影響))

  • Koh, Tae-Song
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.313-319
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    • 1978
  • In order to investigate the effect of dietary long chain fatty acids on fatty acid biosynthesis of liver in birds, single comb White Leghron male chicks were fed a fat-free diet an diets containing margaric, stearic and linoleic acids and liver lipid components and liver and plasma fatty acid distributions were compared. Total lipids of tissues were extracted with a chloroform-methanol mixture. The lipid components were determined by thin layer chromatography and fatty acid distribution of lipid fractions were determined by gas liquid chromatography. Fatty acid feeding did not affect liver lipid components. When margaric acid(17 : 0), was fed, 17:0 and heptadecenoic acid(17:1) appeared in every lipid fractions of liver and plasma, and distribution values of these acids were not significantly different between the lipid fractions of liver. In blood plasma of the 17 : 0 fed chicks, however, significantly higher distribution values of 17 : 0 and 17.1 were observed in the triglyceride fraction and in the cholesterol ester fraction, respectively. Dietary stearic acid (18 : 0) did not show any effect on the distribution of 18 : 0 in every lipid fractions of liver but showed a significantly higher distribution value of 18 : 0 in the free fatty acid fraction of plasma. When linoleic acid (18 : 2) was fed, every lipid fractions of liver and plasma contained 18 : 2, especially a significantly higher distribution value was observed in the phospholipid fraction of liver. Dietary margaric and linoleic acids tended to decrease the distribution value of endogenously synthesized palmitoleic (16 : 1) and oleic (18 : 1) acids in liver.

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Analysis of Characterization in Commercial Extra Virgin Olive Oils (유통 압착올리브유의 이화학적인 특성)

  • Nam, Ha-Young;Lee, Ki-Teak
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.36 no.7
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    • pp.866-873
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    • 2007
  • To analyze and differentiate volatile compounds of 13 extra virgin olive oils from market, solid-phase micro extraction (SPME) GC-MS and electronic nose (EN) equipped with metal oxide sensors were applied. The volatiles identified in extra virgin olive oils include hexanal, 4-hexen-1-ol, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, acetic acid, and 2,4-dimethyl-heptane, etc. Response from EN was analysed by the principal component analysis. Proportion of the first Principal component was 99.70%, suggesting that each aroma pattern of the 13 extra virgin olive oils could be discriminated by EN. Fatty acid compositions were oleic (61.1${\sim}$77.9 mole%), palmitic (11.7${\sim}$16.5 mole%), linoleic (4.7${\sim}$9.7 mole%), stearic (2.5${\sim}$2.9 mole%), Palmitoleic (0.8${\sim}$2.4 mole%), and linolenic acid (0.7${\sim}$1.2 mole%). In color study, extra virgin olive oil showed $L^{\ast}$ value of 81.7${\sim}$92.9, $a^{\ast}$ value of -28.3${\sim}$13.5 and $b^{\ast}$ value of 52.2${\sim}$139.0. Total phenol and ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ contents were 6.2${\sim}$24.9 mg/100 g and 5.5${\sim}$12.8 mg/100 g, respectively. In Rancimat test, the induction period of 13 extra virgin olive oils showed 31.76${\sim}$54.04 hr while their POV ranged from 13.5 to 22.9 meq/kg oil.

Physiological Changes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 Occurred in the Process of the 48-hour Ethanol Fermentation at 40℃ (40℃ 48시간 에탄올발효 과정 중 일어나는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377의 생리 변화)

  • Kwak, Sun-Hye;Kim, Il-Sup;Kang, Kyung-Hee;Lee, Jung-Sook;Jin, Ingn-Yol
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.146-154
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    • 2011
  • In this study, physiological changes in a thermotolerant yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae KNU5377 cell exposed to 48-hour alcohol fermentation at $40^{\circ}C$ were investigated. After 12 hours of alcohol fermentation at $40^{\circ}C$, the $C_{16:1}$ unsaturated acid of plasma membrane increased to 1.5 times more than the $C_{16:0}$ saturated fatty acid, and to about 2 times more for the $C_{18:1}$ unsaturated fatty acid. Fermentation at both $30^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$ fermentation showed the same pattern as that done at $40^{\circ}C$. The pH of the alcohol-fermentation medium was reduced to pH 4.1 from a starting pH of 6.0 through the 12-hr fermentation and then maintained this level during the continuing fermentation. With the process of fermentation, the remaining glucose was reduced, but its amount remaining during the $40^{\circ}C$-fermentation was less reduced than those fermented at $30^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$. In the study investigating the changing pattern of cellular proteins in the alcohol-fermenting cells, the SDS-PAGE and 2-D data indicated the most expressed dot was phosphoglycerate kinase, which is one enzyme involved in glycolysis. Why this enzyme was most expressed in the cells exposed to unfavorable conditions such as high temperature, increasing concentration of produced alcohol and long time exposure to other stress factors remains unsolved.

Physicochemical Comparison of Two Different Shark Meats Used for Preparation of Dombaeki (돔배기용 상어육의 이화학적 성분 비교)

  • Kim, Eun-Ok;Yu, Myeong-Hwa;Lee, Ki-Teak;Kim, Seon-Bong;Choi, Sang-Won
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.711-718
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    • 2008
  • Dombaeki, a traditional salted shark meat, has been widely used as a customary religious food in the Daegu-Gyeongbuk area of Korea. Two different sharks, Sphyrna zygaena (SZ) and Isurus oxyrinchus (IO) are traditionally used to prepare Dombaeki. Chemical components, lipid classes, fatty acid levels, and sterol compositions of meats prepared from the two sharks were investigated. There were no significant differences in chemical composition between the two dried shark meats. Major amino acids in shark meat were leucine, lysine, arginine, proline, isoleucine, valine, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, and asparagine, which together accounted for about 40% of total amino acids. Levels of amino acids in IO meat were higher than in SZ meat. Major fatty acids in the two shark meats were palmitic ($C_{16:0}$), stearic ($C_{18:0}$), oleic ($C_{18:1}$), arachidonic ($C_{20:4}$), and docosahexanoic (DHA, $C_{22:6}$) acids, which accounted for about 80% of total fatty acids. Notably, IO meat showed higher amounts of DHA (31.8%) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, 1.8%) than did SZ meat. The two shark meats showed similar dry weight levels of total lipids, with triacylglycerols, free fatty acids, sterols, and phospholipidscomprising on average 5.0, 2.0, 13.0 and 63.0% of total lipids, respectively. The dominant classes of phospholipids were mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). PC content in the two shark meats was higher than that of PE, although the differencewas not great. The major fatty acids in phospholipids were myristic, palmitoleic, stearic, and docosanoic acids. Total volatile basic nitrogen content and the pH of SZ meat were lower than those of IO meat, whereas the Hunter's 'a' and 'b' values of SZ meat were higher than those of IO meat. These results suggest that shark meat may be useful as a functional food to prevent several degenerative diseases.

Growth Temperature-Dependent Conversion of De novo-Synthesized Unsaturated Fatty Acids into Polyhydroxyalkanoic Acid and Membrane Cyclopropane Fatty Acids in the Psychrotrophic Bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07

  • LEE , HO-JOO;RHO, JONG-KOOK;YOON, SUNG-CHUL
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.1217-1226
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    • 2004
  • A psychrotrophic bacterial strain, Pseudomonas fluorescens BM07, synthesized unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) from fructose in response to lowering of growth temperature, and incorporated them into both polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA) and membrane lipid. The blocking of PHA synthesis by adding 5 mM 2-bromooctanoic acid to the growth medium, containing 70 mM fructose, was found to be a useful means to profile the composition of membrane lipid by gas chromatography. As the growth temperature changed from 35 to $50^{\circ}C$, the total content of two UFA, 3-hydroxy-cis-5­dodecenoic acid ($C_{12:1}$) and 3-hydroxy-cis-7-tetradecenoic acid ($C_{14:1}$), in PHA increased from 31 to 44 $mol\%$. The growth at lower temperatures also led to an increase in the level of two major UFA, palmitoleic acid (C16:1 cis9) and cis-vaccenic acid (C18:1 cis11), in membrane lipid. A fraction of these membrane-lipid UFA was converted to their corresponding cyclopropane fatty acids (CFA). The CFA conversion was a function of culture time, exhibiting biphasic increase before and after entering the stationary phase. However, pH changes in growth media had no effect on the CFA conversion, which is contrary to the case of E. coli reported. The cells grown at $30^{\circ}C$ responded to a cold shock (lowering the medium temperature down to $10^{\circ}C$) by increasing the level of C16:1 cis9 and C 18: I cis II up to that of $10^{\circ}C$-grown control cells and concomitantly decreasing the relative level of cis-9,10­methylenehexadecanoic acid (the CFA converted from C16:1 cis9) from 14 to 8 $mol\%$, whereas the 10-grown cells exhibited little change in the lipid composition when exposed to a warmer environment of $30^{\circ}C$ for 12 h. Based on this one- way response, we suggest that this psychrotrophic strain responds more efficiently and sensitively to a cold shock than to a hot shock. It is also suggested that BM07 strain is a good producer of two unsaturated 3-hydroxyacids, $C_{12:1}\;and\;C_{141:1}$.

A Study on the Lipid Components of Hazel Nut Oil (개암종실(種實)의 지질성분(脂質成分)에 관한 연구)

  • Hong, Hyung-Ki;Shin, Hyo-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.361-365
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    • 1978
  • Physico-chemical characteristics of crude oil extracted from Korean Hazel nut were determined and its proximate composition was also analyzed. The proximate composition of Hazel nut was shown to be moisture 4.0%, crude protein 15.5%, crude fat 64%, nitrogen free extractive 11.7%, crude fiber 2.0% and crude ash 2.5%. The content of crude fat in Corylus sieboldiana was about 3% higher than in Corylus mandshurica.. Physico-chemical characteristics of crude oil found were: specific gravity, $0.916(15/15^{\circ}C)$; refractive index, $1.468(15^{\circ}C)$; saponification value, 184; iodine value, 94.5: acid value, 0.2; and unsaponifiable content, 0.25%. The lipid fractions in the crude oil obtained by silicic acid column chromatography were found to be composed of about 97% neutral lipids and about 3% compound lipids. Among the neutral lipids by TLC, triglycerides were 98% as the major components, free fatty acids and free strols were 0.5% and 1.3%, respectively. Esterified sterols were not found. The predominant fatty acids were oleic $(76{\sim}80%)$, linoleic (15%) and palmitic (5.0%), and the P/S ratio was $1.8{\sim}2.8$.

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Dietary effect of Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP55 isolated from kimchi on skin pH and its related biomarker levels in adult subjects (김치유산균 Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP55 섭취가 성인 남녀의 피부 산도 및 관련 구성 인자의 변화에 미치는 영향)

  • Han, Sangshin;Shin, Jihye;Lim, Sunhee;Ahn, Hee Yoon;Kim, Bongjoon;Cho, Yunhi
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.52 no.2
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    • pp.149-156
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: The skin pH is maintained by epidermal lactate, free fatty acids (FFAs), and free amino acids (FAAs). As a significant determinant of skin health, the skin pH is increased (less acidic) under abnormal and aged skin conditions. In a search for dietary alternatives that would promote an acidic skin pH, this study investigated the dietary effects of Lactobacillus plantarum CJLP55 isolated from Korean kimchi on the skin pH, and epidermal levels of lactate, FFAs, and FAAs in adult subjects. Methods: Seventy eight subjects (mean age $24.9{\pm}0.5years$, range 19 ~ 37 years) were assigned randomly to ingest CJLP55, Lactobacillus strain from kimchi, (n = 39, CJLP group) or placebo supplements (n = 39, placebo group) for 12 weeks in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Skin pH and epidermal levels of lactate, FFAs and FFAs were assessed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks. Results: Although significant decreases in skin pH were observed in both the CJLP and placebo groups at 6 weeks, the skin pH was decreased significantly only in the CJLP group at 12 weeks. In parallel, the epidermal level of lactate in the CJLP group was also increased by 25.6% at 12 weeks. On the other hand, the epidermal level of FAAs were not altered in the CJLP and placebo groups, but the epidermal level of total FFAs, including palmitic acid and stearic acid, was lower in the CJLP group than in the placebo group over 12 weeks. The changes in the other FFAs, such as palmitoleic acid and oleic acid, were similar in the CJLP and placebo groups over 12 weeks. Conclusion: Overall, a dietary supplement of CJLP55 promotes acidic skin pH with a selective increase in epidermal lactate in adult subjects.