• International Journal of Quality Innovation
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.83-96
• /
• 2006

In this paper, fuzzy hierarchical analysis (FHA) is used to explore the process by which the criteria weights of the Taiwan National Quality Award (TNQA) are assigned by TNQA committee members. Each member is allowed to employ fuzzy scales in place of exact scales. Each pairwise comparison of criteria is made through a questionnaire from each TNQA committee member. The membership function of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers is introduced to specify TNQA committee members' intentions. After FHA, the reasonable range of each criterion weight of TNQA is determined. The current criteria weights of TNQA are properly verified.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.635-646
• /
• 2022

Purpose: In this study, the detailed implementation plan for product safety evaluation and management suggested by KS A ISO 10377 to reduce the risk of harm to consumers and users is presented so that companies can strategically implement it. Methods: In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the upper elements and detailed execution plans shown in KS A 10377 are classified into hierarchies and set as a decision hierarchy. A pairwise comparison is performed to derive it. Results: Among the top factors, 'design safety (D)' was the most important factor, with 0.314. Therefore, ensuring safety in the design stage that can prevent defects in advance is the most important action plan for companies to supply safe products. Conclusion: The results of this study, it is intended to help companies and related organizations more easily understand and continuously apply KS A ISO 10377.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.87-104
• /
• 2024

Most functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in resting state have assumed that the functional connectivity (FC) between time series from distinct brain regions is constant. However, increased interest has recently been in quantifying possible dynamic changes in FC during fMRI experiments. FC study may provide insight into the fundamental workings of brain networks to brain activity. In this work, we focus on the specific problem of estimating the dynamic behavior of pairwise correlations between time courses extracted from two different brain regions. We compare the sliding-window techniques such as moving average (MA) and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), dynamic causality with vector autoregressive (VAR) model, dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) based on volatility, and the proposed alternative methods to use differencing and recursive residuals. We investigate the properties of those techniques in a series of simulation studies. We also provide an application with major depressive disorder (MDD) patient fMRI data to demonstrate studying dynamic correlations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.417-423
• /
• 2024

This study compared and analyzed the importance of command priority between railway traffic controllers through pairwise comparison of AHP analysis. 27 railway traffic controllers working on metropolitan railway control center, urban railway control center, and unmanned driving control center responded. As a result of the analysis, all the railway traffic controllers generally recognized the train driving control and train signal control as the most important priorities. For the controller in the manned driving system, a train driving control was the highest at 0.375. On the other hand, the controller based on unmanned driving recognized train signal control as the highest priority at 0.469. In the result of the AHP analysis considering all the variables, the braking system was the highest priority at 0.19 based on manned train driving. On the other hand, the controller based on unmanned train driving recognized wired and wireless network systems and SCADA as the highest priority at 0.267.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2017

DNA sequences of the intergenic spacer 1 and intergenic spacer 2 of the nineteen plants belonging Vitis genus were collected from the Genbank. DNA sequences of the same regions of Vitis thunbergii var. sinuata and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. heterophylla, both common plants in Korea, were not available in Genbank. Those two plants were collected, their genomic DNA encoding 18S rRNA, intergenic spacer 1, 5.8S rRNA, intergenic spacer 2 and part of 28S rRNA amplified and DNA sequence determined. DNA sequences of twenty-one plants including two Korean plants were aligned by the Multiple sequence comparison by log-expectation(MUSCLE) algorithm and the alignment was used to calculate neighbor-joining tree and pairwise distance. The results indicate DNA sequences of the two Korean plants are highly homologous with each other, but they are quite distantly related to the other Vitis plants. Distant relationship of the two Korean plants with the other Vitis plants might be due to independent evolution of those two plants in geographically isolated environment. Those two Korean plants are classified in different genera based on the morphology, one in Vitis genus and the other in Ampelopsis genus, providing another example of discrepancy between morphological and genetic classification.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.219-226
• /
• 2007

Glass is frequently encountered as types of materials that are submitted to forensic science laboratories as a result of trace evidence transfers. The repeatability and the reproducibility of trace element analysis were presented. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometric analyses of the fragments to identify the source. Pairwise comparisons were completed for all samples. In a pairwise comparison, each sample was compared to each other for a possible [n(n-1)/2] (n : numbers of the samples) total comparison to associate/discriminate samples using Tukey's HSD method. The aim of this study was to determine the utility of LA-ICP-MS for multi-element analysis of forensic samples. The 12 glass fragments from two manufacturers were collected and analyzed to identify the source. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on 31 elements in NIST 612 Trace elements in Glass. Elements were classified into four categories defined by the combination of precision and variation of inter-samples. We selected 11 elements, 209Bi, 90Zr, 121Sb, 178Hf, 59Co, 238U, 208Pb, 140Ce, 118Sn, 49Ti and 137Ba. 6 pairs out of 66 possible pairs were not distinguished when compared by 137Ba (p<0.05). However, all samples were distinguished using both 49Ti and 137Ba (p<0.05). In conclusion, multi-elemental analysis with LA-ICP-MS is a potential tecnique for the discrimination of forensic samples.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 2024

The study aim was to investigate the relationship between adolescents' physical activity and subjective health perceptions and determine whether body mass index (BMI), an obesity-related indicator, had a mediating or moderating effect on this relationship. To achieve the purpose of this study, raw data from the 18th Youth Health Behavior Online Survey (2022) were used, and data from 23,612 people were ultimately selected for the research analysis. A confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were applied to the data, and bootstrapping techniques were used to verify the mediating effect. To verify the moderating effect, a multigroup analysis of the structural equation model was applied to calculate pairwise parameter comparison values. All statistical significance levels were set at .05. The results of this study follow. First, the greater the amount of physical activity among adolescents, the more positive was the effect on subjective health perception. Second, subjective body type perception had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between physical activity and subjective health perception. Third, subjective body type had a moderating effect on physical activity and subjective health perception. Specifically, people who perceived their subjective body types as average viewed their subjective health more positively when they engaged in more physical activity than those who perceived their body types as slightly or very overweight. In conclusion, preventing obesity and positively changing the subjective health status through sufficient physical activity during adolescence are important.

• Korean Circulation Journal
• /
• v.52 no.11
• /
• pp.814-825
• /
• 2022

Background and Objectives: Real-world trends in the utility and type of gatekeeping studies in invasive coronary angiography (ICA) requires further investigation. Methods: We identified outpatients who underwent noninvasive cardiac tests or directly ICA for suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) from the nationwide Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service-National Patient Sample database between 2012 and 2018. Results: Among 71,401 patients, the percentage of patients who were evaluated for suspected CAD was 34.7% for treadmill test (TMT), 4.2% for single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), 24.2% for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), 1.6% for multiple gatekeepers, and 32.3% for directly ICA without noninvasive studies. The proportion of CCTA as a gatekeeper showed linear increase, (18.6% in 2012 and 28.8% in 2018; p<0.001), while those of TMT, SPECT, and direct ICA have decreased (p<0.001, p=0.03, and p<0.001, respectively). The overall incidence of downstream ICA after gatekeeper was 13.8% (6,662/48,346), and SPECT showed higher ICA rate in pairwise comparison with TMT and CCTA (p<0.001). Patients who performed gatekeepers before ICA showed higher rate of subsequent PCI (34.7% vs. 32.3%; p<0.001) and CABG (3.5% vs. 1.0%; p<0.001), compared to those who directly underwent ICA, and CCTA was associated with higher revascularization rate after ICA in pairwise comparison with TMT and SPECT (p<0.001). Conclusions: Nationwide database demonstrated that CCTA is utilized increasingly as a gatekeeper for ICA and is associated with high revascularization rate after ICA in outpatients with suspected CAD.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in retentive force of stud attachments for implant overdentures by in vitro 2-year-wear simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three commercially available attachment systems were investigated: Kerator blue, O-ring red, and EZ lock. Two implant fixtures were embedded in parallel in each custom base mounting. Five pairs of each attachment system were tested. A universal testing machine was used to measure the retentive force during 2500 insertion and removal cycles. Surface changes on the components were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Pairwise comparison, was used to compare the retentive force between the groups, and to determine groups that were significantly different (${\alpha}$<.05). RESULTS. A comparison of the initial retentive force revealed the highest value for Kerator, followed by the O-ring and EZ lock attachments. However, no significant difference was detected between Kerator and O-ring (P>.05). After 2500 insertion and removal cycles, the highest retention loss was recorded for O-ring, and no significant difference between Kerator and EZ lock (P>.05). Also, Kerator showed the highest retentive force, followed by EZ lock and O-ring, after 2500 cycles (P<.05). Based on SEM analysis, the polymeric components in O-ring and Kerator were observed to exhibit surface wear and deformation. CONCLUSION. After 2500 insertion and removal cycles, all attachments exhibited significant loss in retention. Mechanism of retention loss can only be partially explained by surface changes.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.205-211
• /
• 2015

Recently, a mobile communication network and the wireless terminal is suddenly develop, mobile office service is more and more the sportlight. However, the user may receive an attack from a malicious third party if the up/download the data in the remote to perform the work in a mobile office environment. In this paper, we propose scheme to manage the information lost due to theft smartphone that contain spill prevention personal information and company information from the mobile office environment (call history, incoming messages, phonebook, calendar, location information, banking information, documents, etc.). The proposed scheme using the number of triangular fuzzy information about the state of the personal information and business intelligence to implement a pair-wise comparison matrix. In particular, the proposed scheme is to prevent the value obtained by constructing a pair-wise comparison matrix for personal information and business intelligence and pair your smartphone is lost when a third party not allow access to personal information and corporate information is leaked to the outside.