• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.115-130
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• 2007

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the '5&6 smoking cessation program - six classes in five weeks' on the high school students' perception and smoking behavior. Methods: The data collection was done from November to December, 2006. This study was designed using nonequivalent control group pretest - posttest. Experimental group had 24 students, control group had 41 students. The '5&6 smoking cessation program' was applied to the experimental group for two hours per session during five weeks. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, X2-test, Fisher's exact test, Independent-samples t-test, Paired t-test, Cronbach's coefficient alpha. Results: The experimental group showed significant increase on smoking self-efficacy, stage of smoking cessation behavior change and significant decrease on daily smoking amount, dependancy of nicotine, urine cotinine level than control group. But the experimental group was not significantly changed at self-awareness, Pros. for smoking and Cons. for smoking. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the 5&6 smoking cessation program, which focuses on self-awareness, is effective in adolescent's smoking cessation behaviors.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

Purpose: To determine the effects of 10 % lidocaine spray and aroma hand massage on pain, anxiety, blood pressure, and pulse during arteriovenous (AV) fistula needling in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design. Forty HD patients were assigned to either 10 % lidocaine spray group (n=21) or aroma massage group (n=19). 10 % lidocaine was sprayed 3 times around AV fistula 10 minutes before. Aroma hand massage was performed for 5 minutes with fluids containing 2 % of lavender, peppermint, and geranium concentrate mixture. Pain, anxiety, blood pressure, and pulse were measured during AV fistula needling without any intervention on the first week and during interventions on the second week. Data were analyzed with ${\chi}^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, paired t-test and MANCOVA. Results: Pain and anxiety were significantly decreased in both the lidocaine spray group and aroma massage group. Aroma hand massage was more effective to reduce pulse during AV fistula needling. Conclusion: The results suggest that 10% lidocaine spray and aroma hand massage may be effective to reduce pain, anxiety, and pulse during AV fistula needling in HD patients.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of interpersonal relationships and communication curriculum on interpersonal relations and self-esteem. Method: This study employed a two-group pre-post test study design. Data was collected from 70 subjects from April to June, 2006 at C university in Jeju, Korea. Forty subjects were in the control group and 30 subjects were in the experimental group. A structured curriculum was conducted for the experimental group once a week for 12 weeks, but not for the control group. For both groups the scores of interpersonal relations and self-esteem were measured before and after the curriculum. Data was analysed by $X^2$-test, t-test, paired t-test and Pearson correlation with SPSS. Results: The scores of interpersonal relations and self-esteem significantly increased in the experimental group. There were significant positive correlations between interpersonal relationships and self-esteem. Conclusion: In light of these results, interpersonal relationships and communication curriculum have a positive effect on interpersonal relations and self-esteem. Therefore, this study can provide basic data and direction in developing and applying a curriculum in education.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.79-83
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined training using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) patterns and treadmills on the balance and walking ability of stroke patients. Methods: Twenty-three stroke patients were randomized into a control group (n=11), receiving only treadmill training and an experimental group (n=12) receiving combined training. The use of both PNF exercise and treadmill were implemented in the combined training. Interventions were performed 5 times a week for 6 weeks. Balance ability was measured by a timed up and go (TUG) test. Walking ability was measured by a 10-meter walk test (10MWT) and a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). A paired t-test was used to compare differences between pre- and post-intervention and independent t-tests were used to compare between groups. Results: Changes in TUG, 10MWT, and 6MWT before and after interventions were significantly different for both the experimental group and the control group (p<0.05). In addition, within-group changes in the TUG, 10MWT, and 6MWT were more effective in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Combined training using PNF techniques and treadmills may be useful in improving the balance and walking ability of stroke patients.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.60-68
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• 2010

Purpose: This study determined the effect of head and neck massage on anxiety, pain, and discomfort for hysterectomy patients. Methods: Subjects consisted of 48 hysterectomy patients at K hospital. Experimental group (n=23) received head and neck massage at 8 minutes per massage for five times: (at admission, before sleeping on preoperative day, at 4 hours after operation, before sleeping on operation day, before sleeping on the first postoperative day). Control group (n=25) received conventional treatment. As an effectiveness of this intervention, state of anxiety and BP was measured before sleeping on preoperative day. Pain and discomfort were measured before sleeping on the day of surgery and then on the first postoperative day. Data was analyzed descriptive statistics using $x^2$ test, Fisher's exact test, paired t-test, unpaired t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni multiple comparison. Results: 1. State of anxiety score and BP at post-treatment decreased significantly in the experimental group. 2. Pain score in experimental group was lower than that in control group, with no significant difference; whereas, 3. Discomfort level decreased significantly in the experimental group. Conclusion: Results indicate that head and neck massage could be an effective intervention for reducing preoperative anxiety and postoperative discomfort in hysterectomy patients.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.366-376
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a group art therapy on decreasing job stress and burnout of clinical oncology nurses. Methods: The study was conducted using a non-equivalent control group, non-synchronized design with repeated measures. A total of 29 clinical oncology nurses participated in the study; 15 were assigned in the experimental group, and 14 in the control group. Data were collected from May to July, 2014. The study questionnaires were administered in three different time points (pretest, 8th week, and 12th week). Data were analyzed using $x^2-test$, Fisher's exact test, t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The first hypothesis "the experimental group with group art therapy will have lower job stress than that of the control group" was support (F=7.88, p=.003). The second hypothesis, "the experimental group will have lower burnout than that of the control group" was not statistically supported (F=1.80, p=.188). Conclusion: The findings of the study indicated that the group art therapy for oncology nurses may positively influence in decreasing job stress, which open a venue for developing a nursing intervention with group art therapy for clinical nurses in future.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.673-683
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to develop a spiritual care education program (SCEP) for nursing students to help increase their awareness of the essence of spirituality in care so as to enable them to promote spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence. Methods: The participants were assigned to an experimental group (n=42) or a control group (n=39). From August to October 2009, the experimental group participated in the SCEP, which were held 2 hours a week for 6 weeks. The data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact probability test, paired t-test, t-test with the SPSS WIN 17.0 statistics program. Results: The experimental group had a higher mean score for spirituality, spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence than the control group. Significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the SCEP was effective in improving spirituality, spiritual well-being and spiritual care competence for nursing students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.53-60
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study aimed to identify the effect of a backward walking exercise using a mirror on balance and gait in patients with stroke. METHODS: Twenty subjects with post-stroke hemiparesis volunteered to participate in this study. The experimental and control groups performed backward walking exercise plus conventional therapy or conventional physical therapy, respectively, for 6 weeks. Assessment instruments included the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), timed up and go test (TUG), and 10-m walking test (10MWT). Evaluation was performed before and after the 6-week training period. We conducted a paired t-test to compare the within-group changes before and after the intervention. An independent t-test was used to compare between-group differences. The statistical significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$ for all variables. RESULTS: The experimental group showed a significant within-group change in the BBS, TUG, and 10MWT (p<.05). The control group also showed a significant change (p<.05). A significant difference was observed between the experimental and control groups with regard to changes in the BBS, TUG, and 10MWT results after the interventions (p<.05). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that backward walking exercise using a mirror may be valuable for future research. Further studies with a wider range of pathology and longer experiment duration are required to validate the results of the present study.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.304-317
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to identify the effect of the voluntary program experience with curriculum on self-esteem and depression in nursing college students. The research design utilized in this study was one group pre test-post test design. The data were gathered two times with questionnaire. First data were gathered before voluntary activity. And second data were gathered after instruction and five times voluntary activity. The data were analized by frequency, paired t-test. t-test. and ANOVA using the SAS program. The results were as follows 1. After the activity the scores of self-esteem were significantly higher than before the activity. 2. After the activity the scores of depression were significantly lower than before the activity. 3. The relationship between self-esteem and depression were negatives in both before and after the activity. 4. Before voluntary activity the scores of self-esteem in the class choosing the Culture Exploration were significantly high. but after the activity the scores of self-esteem were not significantly different. 5. As opinion on attendance of lecture class of voluntary activity program. before voluntary activity the scores of depression were not significantly different. but after the activity the scores of depression were significantly different.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.257-264
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to examine the effects of Dan Jeon Breathing on physical health promotion in middle aged women. Method: This study was quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The subjects were classified into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group had 21 middle-aged women who did Dan Jeon Breathing, the control group consisted of 22 middle aged women. Dan Jeon Breathing was carried out for 40 minutes a day, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The difference between the experimental group and control group was verified with an $x^2$-test, t-test and paired and unpaired t-test. Results: The score of physical symptoms for the experimental group was lower than that of the control group. The score of physical strength for the experimental group was higher than that of the control group. Conclusion: Dan Jeon Breathing can be a physical health promotion for middle aged women. In terms of nursing practice, Dan Jeon Breathing can be utilized as a nursing intervention for physical well-being of middle aged women.