• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.731-740
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate a quality comparison between Chuncheon Dakgalbi made from Korean native chickens (KNC) and that made from commercial broilers. Two Korean native chickens including Woorimatdag (KNCWoori) and Hanhyup3 (KNC-Hanhyup), and two commercial broilers including grades of 18 (Broiler-18) and 13 (Broiler-13) were slaughtered at 110, 70, 38, and 31 d of ages. Chuncheon dalkalbi was prepared by mixing/dipping the meat in chili pepper sauce; it was then packed with air-packaging (Air-P) and 30% $CO_2$-MAP (0% $O_2$/30% $CO_2$/70% $N_2$), and stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for 10 d. The results showed that the KNC group had a lower pH but a higher cooking loss compared with the broiler group (p<0.05). In a texture analysis, KNC-Woori had the highest shear force value among the breeds (p<0.05). For the fatty acid composition of the thigh, the KNC-Woori contained more total saturated acids, myristic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid, but less total unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid and linolenic acid than other breeds (p<0.05). Also, the n6/n3 ratios of the KNC group (19.24 and 16.77) were higher than those of the broiler group (14.02 and 14.77) (p<0.05). The total acceptability scores of Dakgalbi made from the KNC group were decreased by sensory panelists. The Dakgalbi with 30% $CO_2$-MAP delayed the protein deterioration (Volatile basic nitrogen) and lipid oxidation during storage. However, no clear evidence was observed of $CO_2$-MAP on the effect of different chicken materials. It is suggested that 30% $CO_2$-MAP instead of Air-P is used for methods for Chuncheon Dakgalbi. Furthermore, it might be unfavorable to use Korean native chickens as raw material for Chuncheon Dakgalbi from a practical quality point of view.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.29-43
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• 2000

This study is carried out to investigate the cahracteristics of green management practices and green speed(i.e., ball-roll distance) on 129 Golf Courses in Korea, and to explain the effects of managemet practices that affect green speed. Data collected from green-keepers were subjected to frequency, correlation analysis, and multi-regression analysis using SPSSWIN(Statistical Package for the Social Science). The results are as follows. 1. In spring mowing height, 3.5-4 mm appeared the highest frequency(44.4%) and 4-4.5mm mowing height appeared the high frequency(41.0%). In summer mowing height, 4.5-5mm appeared the highest frequency(51.3%). In fall mowing height, 4-4.5mm appeared the highest frequency(41.0%). 2. In N-fertilizing amount of February and November, 0(zero) g/$m^2$ appeared the highest frequency. In N-fertilizing amount, of June and July 0-2 g/$m^2$ appeared the highest frequency. In N-fertilizing amount, of March, May, August, and September 2-4 g/$m^2$ appeared the highest frequency. In N-fertilizing amount, of October 2-4 or 6-8 g/$m^2$ appeared the highest frequency. 3. In spring topdressing times, 3-6 times appeared the highest frequency(52.6%). In spring topdressing amount, more than 2mm appeared the highest frequency(35.9%). In summer topdressing tierms, 0-3times appeared the highest frequency(71.8%). In summer topdressing amount, 0.5-1mm appeared the highest frequency(46.2%). In fall topdressing times, 0-3times appeared the highest frequency(47.4%). In fall topdressing amount, more than 2mm appeared the highest frequency(35.9%). 4. In spring irrigation tiems, 3-4times/a week appeared the highest frequency (30.6%). In spring irrigation amount, the irrigation below 5mm/day under appeared the highest frequency(38.7%). In summer irrigation times, 4-7times/ a week appeared the highest frequency(38.9%). In summer irrigation amount, 5-10mm/a day appeared the highest frequency(45.2%). In fall irrigation times, 2-3times/a week appeared the highest frequency(36.1%). In fall irrigation amount, the irrigation below 5mm/a day under appeared the highest frequency(45.2%). 5. In spring aeration times, 2 times appeared the highest frequency(55.2%). In spring aeration depth, 5-10mm appeared the highest frequency(81.6%). In fall aeration times, 1 time appeared the highest frequency(82.5%). In fall aeration depth, 5-10mm appeared the highest frequency(86.8%). 6. In spring green speed, 1.98-2.28 or 2.59-2.89mm appeared the highest frequency(32.7%). In summer green speed, 1.98-2.28mm appeared the highest frequency (46.9%). In fall green speed, 1.98-2.28mm appeared the highest frequency(38.8%). 7. The factors which affect green speed were mowing height, N-fertilizing, season, topdressing, irrigation, and aeration. Vertical mowing did not affect green speed. The order of the relevant important factors was mowing height >: N-fertilizing > season > topdressing > irrigation > aeration. Mowing height and N-fertilizing were the most important factors in green speed. As mowing height decreased, green sped always increased. As total N-fertilizing amount decreased, green speed increased. In summer, green sped decreased remarkably. As topdressing times increased and the topdressing amount decreased, green sped increased. As irrigation times increased and irrigation amount decreased, green speed increased.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.345-352
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• 2009

This study utilized 332,625 records of linear type scores consisting for 15 primary traits, 22,175 final score and 84,612 pedigree information of 22,175 Holstein cows from 1993 to 2007 in Korea to estimate genetic parameters for 16 type traits. Genetic and error (co)variances between two traits selected from 16 traits were estimated using bi-trait pairwise analyses with DFREML package. The estimated heritabilities for stature (ST), strength (STR), body depth (BD), dairy form (DF), rump angle (RA), thurl width (TW), rear legs side view (RLSV), foot angle (FA), fore udder attachment (FUA), rear udder height (RUH), rear udder width (RUW), udder cleft (UC), udder depth (UD), front teat placement (FTP), front teat length (FTL) and final score (FS) were 0.31, 0.21, 0.25, 0.10, 0.29, 0.19, 0.09, 0.06, 0.12, 0.13, 0.12, 0.08, 0.26, 0.20, 0.28 and 0.15, respectively. ST had the highest positive genetic correlation with BD (0.90), while RLSV had the highest negative genetic correlation with FA (-0.56). RA had negative genetic correlation with most udder traits (-0.17~-0.02). Especially, RUW had the higher positive genetic correlation with STR (0.60), BD (0.62), and TW (0.49), however, UD had the higher negative genetic correlation with STR (-0.40) and BD (-0.40). FTL had negative genetic correlation with FUA, RUH, RUW, UC and UD. FS had positive genetic correlation with UC, UD and FTP (0.12, 0.18 and 0.20). However, additional research is needed on the use of these parameters in the genetic evaluation because estimated genetic and error variance-covariance matrices were not positive definite.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.95-120
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• 2009

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the stages of exercise behavior change and physical self-concept and self-efficacy of security employees in hotel casinos. The sampling was drawn from employees at 8 casinos which had more than 30 employees. Participants were selected by convenience sampling method and they completed questionnaires about Physical Self-Concept and Self- Efficacy by self-administration method under supervision of trained researchers SPSS 16.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Science) was used for data analysis in the present study. Reliability and validity were examined for the present study. The principle component factor analysis and varimax rotation were used for the present study. Eigen value 1.0 was the criterion for selecting factors. Chi-square (X) 2 test was utilized for measuring the difference in gender and types of job duties at the stages of exercise behavior change. One-way ANOVA was employed to examine the relationship between the stages of exercise behavior change as an independent variable and physical self-concept and self-efficacy as dependent variables. The Scheffe method was used to determine mean differences of groups as a follow-up test. Multiple regression analysis was utilized to test the difference of physical self-concept as dependent variable and self-efficacy as independent variable. To verify hypothesis for the study, a statistical significance level of $\alpha$=.05 was used. The results were as follow: first, there were differences found for gender and types of job responsibilities in the stages of exercise behavior change. Secondly, as security employees progressed through the stages of exercise behavior change, their physical self-concept and self-efficacy improved. Finally, physical activity and body fat had significant main effects on self-efficacy.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.80-86
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of pork meat quality characteristics exposed to ozone gas for 5, 10, and 15 min and then vacuum packaged during storage for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 day at $4^{\circ}C$. The ozone gas exposed groups of pork loin cuts (OZM) had slightly higher pH value compared to the control at day 0 and 5 (p<0.01). The 15 min exposure of ozone gas groups showed significantly (p<0.01) higher TBARS value than that of control at the day 15 and 20. However, there was no significant difference in all groups at day 0,5, and 10. The CIE $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of OZM showed no significant difference between control and ozone gas treated groups during storage. The loin cut color of ozone gas exposure for 15 min had significantly lower CIE $a^*$ values than the other groups at day 0,5, and 15 (p<0.01). The aerobic plate count and coliform bacteria count of pork loin cuts exposed ozone gas significantly (p<0.01) was reduced at day 0 by about $0.45-1.04\;log_{10}CFU/g$ and $0.26-0.30\;log_{10}CFU/g$, respectively. As ozone gas exposure time extended, the aerobic plate count and coliform bacteria count of OZM were increased at day 0, 5, and 10 (p<0.01). However, there were no significant differences observed among groups at day 20 in the counts of aerobic and coliform bacteria. In conclusion, the meat cuts exposed to ozone gas for 5 and 10 min before packing may be a reasonable packing method regarding the effects of ozone level on meat oxidation, color change and microbial reduction.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.170-175
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• 1980

A mass production of chestnut necessiates the development of economic long-term storage method. The main objective of this study was to confirm the technical aspect of the chestnut storage method which was developed by two year project and to review the method of commercial application. The chestnut used for the experiments were separated in brine $(5.5{\sim}6.0^{\circ}\:B{\acute{a}}ume)$ into matured and unmatured lots and fumigated with $CS_2$ at a 5 $lb/27\;m^3$ level for $25{\sim}30\;hrs.$ The chestnuts were packed in wooden boxes with sawdust (50% moisture) in the ratio of 1 : 1 by volume. The boxes were stored in the cold room $(1{\pm}1^{\circ}C,\;85{\sim}95%\;RH)$ and the cellar ($0{\sim}10^{\circ}C$, controlled only by circulating night cool air). The results obtained were as follows: 1. Fully matured chestnut could be successfully preserved $8{\sim}9\;months$ at a l0% decay level in the cold room and $4{\sim}5\;months$ months in cellar. 2. Immatured chestnuts wire inferior to the matured in storage stability. At the maximum storage period, its storage life was two months shorter. 3. The heat transfer equation of piled chestnuts with sawdust can be suggested as $T_{\infty}-T_0=(T_{\infty}-T_0){\cdot}10^{-t/320}$ and j and $f_h$ values were 1 and 320 min, respectively. 4. The chestnuts in the package of storage unit had longer shelf life than naked chestnut during the retail distribution at ambient temperature.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.228-235
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• 2004

The development and proliferation of the mandibular condyle can be altered by changes in the biomechanical environment of the temporomandibular joint. The biomechanical loads were varied by feeding diets of different consistencies. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether changes of masticatory forces by feeding a soft diet can alter the trabecular bone morphology of the growing mouse mandibular condyle, by means of micro-computed tomography. Thirty-six female, 21 days old, C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups. Mice in the hard-diet control group were fed standard hard rodent pellets for 8 weeks. The soft-diet group mice were given soft ground diets for 8 weeks and their lower incisors were shortened by cutting with a wire cutter twice a week to reduce incision. After 8 weeks all animals were killed after they were weighed. Following sacrifice, the right mandibular condyle was removed. High spatial resolution tomography was done with a Skyscan Micro-CT 1072. Cross-sections were scanned and three-dimensional images were reconstructed from 2D sections. Morphometric and nonmetric parameters such as bone volume(BV), bone surface(BS), total volume(TV), bone volume fraction(BV/TV), surface to volume ratio(BS/BV), trabecular thickness(Tb. Th.), structure model index(SMI) and degree of anisotropy(DA) were directly determined by means of the software package at the micro-CT system. From directly determined indices the trabecular number(Tb. N.) and trabecular separation(Tb. Sp.) were calculated according to parallel plate model of Parfitt et al.. After micro-tomographic imaging, the samples were decalcified, dehydrated, embedded and sectioned for histological observation. The results were as follow: 1. The bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness(Tb. Th.) and trabecular number(Tb. N.) were significantly decreased in the soft-diet group compared with that of the control group (p<0.05). 2. The trabecular separation(Tb. Sp.) was significantly increased in the soft-diet group(p<0.05). 3. There was no significant differences in the surface to volume ratio(BS/BV), structure model index(SMI) and degree of anisotropy(DA) between the soft-diet group and hard-diet control group (p>0.05). 4. Histological sections showed that the thickness of the proliferative layer and total cartilage thickness were significantly reduced in the soft-diet group.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.75-89
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• 2007

This study has its aim at suggesting new direction of our education to search different ways in housing contents by comparing the necessity perception and demands between teachers and students for housing contents in Technology Home Economics curriculum of middle school. To achieve this aim, I chose middle school teachers in charge of Technology Home Economics and male and female students who are in the first grade in high school in Ulsan. I sent e-mail, mail, and visited researcher to gather the data. I used SPSS +12 statistical package for frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and t-test to analyze the data. Here is the result. First, In the part of application of living place, teachers had necessity perception in use and placement of furniture, and arrangement of objects. Students had necessity perception in the use and placement of furniture, the kind and choice of furniture. Also in the indoor environment and equipment part, both teachers and students had necessity perception in controlling of ventilation, temperature, and humidity. In the part of maintenance repair of housing, teachers had necessity perception in the need for maintenance management but students had necessity perception in house equipments and repair had high necessity perception Second, In housing-related general part, teachers demanded housing for elderly, disabled people, information about future housing and students demanded environmentally friendly living environment, housing for elderly, disabled people. In interior design part, teachers demanded in the expression of interior places through computer, the kind and characteristic of housing material and students demanded the way to reuse old furniture, kind and characteristic of housing material. In the part of housing preparation and occupation, teachers demanded the kind of housing-related occupation and students demanded the housing tax and the process of house purchase or concerned matter. Third, there were some difference of necessity perception and degree of demand between teachers and students. Teachers had higher necessity perception and demand in all part except in demand for housing equipment, maintenance, and environmentally friendly living environment.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.275-284
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• 2006

Objectives: This investigation was carried out to understand the status of the urinary incontinence (UI) and overactive bladder (OABs) syndrome of women in a rural region. Methods: The authors conducted a questionnaire survey among the 322 females who voluntarily participated in a health examination, from 16 to 18 August 2001. Using by definition of UI and OABs, we calculated the proportion of UI, OABs I, and OABs II. The data collected was evaluated using the SPSS 12.0 statistical package, and the differences of symptoms and problems related to daily life between UI, OABs patients and the others were analyzed using a Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test. Results: The overall proportion of UI was 35.4%, and stress UI (32.9%) is more common than urgency UI (17.4%) and mixed UI (14.9%). The proportion of OABs I and OABs II were respectively 36.0%, 14.0%. Symptoms related to UI or OABs were nocturia (35.1%), frequency (23.9%), urgency (21.4%) etc. Of the incontinence cases, 27.2% had experienced UI for a period of one to three years. The proportion of OABs increased significantly by age (p<0.05), UI didn't. The most frequent symptoms in UI and OABs were respectively 'slow stream', 'urgency'. The most frequent problem of daily life in UI and OABs was 'seeking toilet firstly at stranger place'. Conclusions: The proportion of UI and OABs in our study were respectively 35.4%, 14.0%. UI and OABs must be very significant health problems in women, especially rural region. Systemic and profound interventions for UI and OABs need to administer to women in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-17
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate recognition of food additives, to provide the basic data for food education of high school students. The survey was conducted from 560 students who are boys and girls of high schools in Gwangju. Data were analyzed by a SAS program. According to the survey, an usual recognition for additive food according to related variable showed that it was the highest ratio of 4.18 that policy on complete labeling of foods should be requested for additive food but it showed the lowest 2.17 that additive food is promoting quality of food. In a difference of a degree of a correct answer of knowledge for additive food and knowledge according to related variable, a degree of a correct answer of knowledge for additive food showed a lot of interest in safety in that knowledge for safety showed 79.45 but were showed much lower 7.5% for a degree of a correct answer of actual knowledge of additive food among food ingredients labels. A a degree of a demand of information, safety concerns and understanding a uses of additive food according to sex and a grade showed that in a degree of a demand of information, the students have ever heard information of additive food was the girls were more than the boys and also freshmen were the most answered and have ever heard term of additive food was the boys were more than the girls and the sophomore students were the most answered questionnaire for media of TV. Radio. Newspaper and so forth. A degree of necessity the students know additive food was the most answered of positive from the boys and freshmen. Where the students would like to learn additive food was answered of media from the boys school teacher from the girls school teacher from the freshmen, media from the sophomore and the junior.