• 제목/요약/키워드: Package Level Test

검색결과 223건 처리시간 0.027초

에폭시 경화형 무세정 SAC305 솔더 페이스트의 리플로우 공정성과 보드레벨 BGA 솔더 접합부 특성 (Reflow Behavior and Board Level BGA Solder Joint Properties of Epoxy Curable No-clean SAC305 Solder Paste)

  • 최한;이소정;고용호;방정환;김준기
    • 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2015
  • 첨단 전자기기에 사용되는 전자부품의 크기와 접속피치가 감소하면서 리플로우 공정 후 플럭스 잔사의 세정이 어려워짐에 따라 무세정 솔더 페이스트에 대한 요구가 증가하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 SAC305 솔더분말과 에폭시 레진을 주성분으로 하는 경화성 플럭스를 혼합하여 제조한 에폭시 경화형 솔더 페이스트에 대하여 리플로우 공정성, 플럭스 잔사의 부식성, 솔더볼 및 보드레벨 BGA 패키지 솔더 접합부의 기계적 거동을 기존 로진계 솔더 페이스트와 비교하여 평가하였다. 에폭시 경화형 솔더 페이스트는 솔더 접합부 주변에 경화물 필렛을 형성한 것으로 보아 플럭싱 작용에 의해 솔더 접합부가 형성된 이후에 경화반응이 진행되는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 동판에 대한 젖음성 시험을 통해 기존상용 솔더 페이스트 정도의 납퍼짐성을 갖는 것을 알 수 있었다. 리플로우 후 동판에 대한 고온 고습 시험을 통해 에폭시 경화형 솔더 페이스트는 동판 부식을 전혀 발생시키지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 FT-IR 분석결과 에폭시 경화반응을 통해 단단히 고정된 결과로 생각되었다. 볼전단, 볼당김 및 다이전단 시험 결과, 솔더 접합부 주변에 형성된 경화물 필렛은 솔더 표면과 접착본딩을 형성하며, 다이전단강도를 15~40% 정도 향상시키는 것으로 보아 에폭시 경화형 솔더 페이스트는 플럭스 잔사 세정공정의 생략과 함께 솔더 접합부 보강효과를 통해 패키지 신뢰성 향상에도 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

초기청소년의 건강한 성을 위한 프로그램 개발 (The Development of a Healthy Sexuality Education Program for Early Adolescent)

  • 윤명선;김순옥
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제39권5호
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    • pp.107-121
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to develop a sexuality education program for early adolescents. The overall goals of the program were to not only increase knowledge and skirts, but also to improve the awareness of healthy sex in order to promote premarital abstinence, parent-teen communication and parental awareness of the importance of parental roles and responsibilities in prevention of sexual problems of the early adolescent. The program consisted of six sessions: puberty changes during adolescence, the meaning of sexuality, sexual drives in dating relationships, understanding of the risks associated with early sexual involvement and support for postponing sexual activities, managing and avoiding sexually risky situations, the importance of communications with parents about issues related to sexuality. The program evaluation had three steps: pre-test, immediate post-test and two month follow-up post test. The results showed that the program had a significantly positive effect on the improvement of adolescent's knowledge about sex, and attitudes and behaviors toward sex, particularly in the immediate post-test. At the two month follow-up assessment, the effect of the program still remained strong, though there was a sight and partial reduction which was not statistically significant. Most of the program participants expressed a high level of satisfaction with the program. Parental involvement appeared to be effective as well. Recommendations for further study include: to re-evaluate the curriculum for various other participants. In addition, further study which would compare post-test results of these participants with a comparison group of peers who did not receive the program would be valuable. The author believes that the program can be used in implementing specific subjects (sessions) in new settings, as well as implementing the entire package of the program.

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지속적 관여도 및 인지된 위험이 소비자의 온라인 상인선택 프로세스에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 요구신뢰 수준 개념을 중심으로 (How Enduring Product Involvement and Perceived Risk Affect Consumers' Online Merchant Selection Process: The 'Required Trust Level' Perspective)

  • 홍일유;이정민;조휘형
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제22권1호
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    • pp.29-52
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    • 2012
  • Consumers differ in the way they make a purchase. An audio mania would willingly make a bold, yet serious, decision to buy a top-of-the-line home theater system, while he is not interested in replacing his two-decade-old shabby car. On the contrary, an automobile enthusiast wouldn't mind spending forty thousand dollars to buy a new Jaguar convertible, yet cares little about his junky component system. It is product involvement that helps us explain such differences among individuals in the purchase style. Product involvement refers to the extent to which a product is perceived to be important to a consumer (Zaichkowsky, 2001). Product involvement is an important factor that strongly influences consumer's purchase decision-making process, and thus has been of prime interest to consumer behavior researchers. Furthermore, researchers found that involvement is closely related to perceived risk (Dholakia, 2001). While abundant research exists addressing how product involvement relates to overall perceived risk, little attention has been paid to the relationship between involvement and different types of perceived risk in an electronic commerce setting. Given that perceived risk can be a substantial barrier to the online purchase (Jarvenpaa, 2000), research addressing such an issue will offer useful implications on what specific types of perceived risk an online firm should focus on mitigating if it is to increase sales to a fullest potential. Meanwhile, past research has focused on such consumer responses as information search and dissemination as a consequence of involvement, neglecting other behavioral responses like online merchant selection. For one example, will a consumer seriously considering the purchase of a pricey Guzzi bag perceive a great degree of risk associated with online buying and therefore choose to buy it from a digital storefront rather than from an online marketplace to mitigate risk? Will a consumer require greater trust on the part of the online merchant when the perceived risk of online buying is rather high? We intend to find answers to these research questions through an empirical study. This paper explores the impact of enduring product involvement and perceived risks on required trust level, and further on online merchant choice. For the purpose of the research, five types or components of perceived risk are taken into consideration, including financial, performance, delivery, psychological, and social risks. A research model has been built around the constructs under consideration, and 12 hypotheses have been developed based on the research model to examine the relationships between enduring involvement and five components of perceived risk, between five components of perceived risk and required trust level, between enduring involvement and required trust level, and finally between required trust level and preference toward an e-tailer. To attain our research objectives, we conducted an empirical analysis consisting of two phases of data collection: a pilot test and main survey. The pilot test was conducted using 25 college students to ensure that the questionnaire items are clear and straightforward. Then the main survey was conducted using 295 college students at a major university for nine days between December 13, 2010 and December 21, 2010. The measures employed to test the model included eight constructs: (1) enduring involvement, (2) financial risk, (3) performance risk, (4) delivery risk, (5) psychological risk, (6) social risk, (7) required trust level, (8) preference toward an e-tailer. The statistical package, SPSS 17.0, was used to test the internal consistency among the items within the individual measures. Based on the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficients of the individual measure, the reliability of all the variables is supported. Meanwhile, the Amos 18.0 package was employed to perform a confirmatory factor analysis designed to assess the unidimensionality of the measures. The goodness of fit for the measurement model was satisfied. Unidimensionality was tested using convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. The statistical evidences proved that the three types of validity were all satisfied. Now the structured equation modeling technique was used to analyze the individual paths along the relationships among the research constructs. The results indicated that enduring involvement has significant positive relationships with all the five components of perceived risk, while only performance risk is significantly related to trust level required by consumers for purchase. It can be inferred from the findings that product performance problems are mostly likely to occur when a merchant behaves in an opportunistic manner. Positive relationships were also found between involvement and required trust level and between required trust level and online merchant choice. Enduring involvement is concerned with the pleasure a consumer derives from a product class and/or with the desire for knowledge for the product class, and thus is likely to motivate the consumer to look for ways of mitigating perceived risk by requiring a higher level of trust on the part of the online merchant. Likewise, a consumer requiring a high level of trust on the merchant will choose a digital storefront rather than an e-marketplace, since a digital storefront is believed to be trustworthier than an e-marketplace, as it fulfills orders by itself rather than acting as an intermediary. The findings of the present research provide both academic and practical implications. The first academic implication is that enduring product involvement is a strong motivator of consumer responses, especially the selection of a merchant, in the context of electronic shopping. Secondly, academicians are advised to pay attention to the finding that an individual component or type of perceived risk can be used as an important research construct, since it would allow one to pinpoint the specific types of risk that are influenced by antecedents or that influence consequents. Meanwhile, our research provides implications useful for online merchants (both online storefronts and e-marketplaces). Merchants may develop strategies to attract consumers by managing perceived performance risk involved in purchase decisions, since it was found to have significant positive relationship with the level of trust required by a consumer on the part of the merchant. One way to manage performance risk would be to thoroughly examine the product before shipping to ensure that it has no deficiencies or flaws. Secondly, digital storefronts are advised to focus on symbolic goods (e.g., cars, cell phones, fashion outfits, and handbags) in which consumers are relatively more involved than others, whereas e- marketplaces should put their emphasis on non-symbolic goods (e.g., drinks, books, MP3 players, and bike accessories).

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대일 수출용 진공포장 냉장등심의 유통기한 설정 (Establishment of Shelf-life of Vacuum Packaged Pork Loins for exporting to Japan)

  • 이무하
    • 한국축산식품학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.115-124
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    • 1998
  • This study was carried out investigate hygienic conditions of domestic packing plant for export and the shelf-life by Japanese standards. vacuum packaged chilled port loins provided by five packers(A, B, C, D and E) were transported to Japan in the same condition, Four packers(A, B, C adn d) produced the samples as hygienic as possible and one packer produced loins in the traditional hygienic condition, In TTC(2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) test all samples showed the negative reaction from the date of the quarantine(14 days after slaughtering) to 50 days The numbers of total plate count(TPC) of A, B, C and D packers that were below 108CFU/g until 50 days were accepted by Japanese Standards but TPC of E packer was over 107CFU/g at 30 days. VBN values increased sig-nificantly(P<0.01) in samples of A,B and D packers in the samples of C packer and E packer at 5% and 0.1% level respectively. The pH values of the vacuum packaged chilled pork for export at 14 days after slaughtering were 5.43∼6.00 In sensory evaluation, A, B, C and D packers which improved hygi-enic condition produced the products with good color and appearance. low drip until 40 days storage at $0^{\circ}C$ But as the storage time increase off-flavor occured at 40days in A and D packer and at 50days in B and C packer. In conclusion according to the above results of microbiological physicochemical and sensory evalution the edible periods of Korean vacuum package chilled porks may be estimated to 40∼50 days for the packers who improved hygienic condition and the shelf lives were calculated as 32∼40 days from edible period by a factor of 0.8(safety coefficient) while that of the pork from E packer which was produced in the traditional hygienic condition was estimated to 30 days after slaughtering at $0^{\circ}C$ Therefore the shelf-life of the pork of E packer would be only 24 days.

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SCAM 기상모델의 성능향상을 위한 LAPACK BLAS 라이브러리의 활용 (Performance Improvements of SCAM Climate Model using LAPACK BLAS Library)

  • 신대영;조예린;정성욱
    • 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.33-40
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    • 2023
  • 슈퍼 컴퓨팅 기술 및 하드웨어 기술의 발달로 수치 연산 방식 또한 고도화되고 있다. 그에 따라 이전 대비 향상된 기상 예측 또한 가능해진다. 본 논문에서는 SCAM(Single-Columns Atmospheric Model, CESM(Community Earth System Model)을 간소화 한 버전)에 포함되어 있으며 대기 연산을 수행하는 적운 모수화 코드, Unicon(A Unified Convection Scheme)의 성능을 향상하기 위하여 소스 코드 내의 선형대수 수치적 연산 부분에 고밀도 선형대수 연산을 위한 라이브러리인 LAPACK(Linear Algebra PACKage) BLAS(Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms)의 level1 함수를 적용할 것을 제안한다. 이를 분석하기 위하여 SCAM의 전체적인 실행 구조도를 제시하고 해당 실행환경에서 테스트를 진행하였다. 기존 소스 코드 대비 SCOPY 함수는 0.4053%, DSCAL 함수는 0.7812%, DDOT 함수는 0.0469%의 성능 향상을 이끌어 내었으며 이를 모두 적용한 결과 기존 소스 코드 대비 0.8537%의 성능 향상을 보였다. 이는 본 논문에서 제안한 고밀도 선형대수 연산을 위한 라이브러리인 LAPACK BLAS 적용 방법이 동일한 CPU 환경에서 추가적인 하드웨어의 개입 없이 성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 의미한다.

OSP.ENIG 표면 처리된 기판과 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 솔더 접합부의 낙하충격 신뢰성 평가 (Drop reliability evaluation of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder joint with OSP and ENIG surface finishes)

  • 하상옥;하상수;이종범;윤정원;박재현;추용철;이준희;김성진;정승부
    • 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
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    • 제16권1호
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2009
  • 전자 기기 제품들이 소형화 및 휴대화 되면서 낙하충격 신뢰성에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대표적인 무연솔더인 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 솔더를 이용하여 ENIG (Electroless Nickel Iimmersion Gold), OSP (Organic Solderability Preservative) 표면 처리와 등온 시효 시험 (High Temperature Storage test)에 따른 보드 레벨 패키지 (board level package)의 낙하충격 신뢰성 (drop reliability) 시험을 수행하였다. 또한 충격 조건을 변화시켜 시편에 가해지는 가속도 (G:acceleration)와 충격 지속 시간 (pulse duration)에 따른 신뢰성을 평가하였다. 기판의 strain측정 결과 중앙 부위가 가장 응력이 컸으며, 충격가속도에 비례하여 응력이 증가하였다. 시효 처리 전에는 OSP처리된 기판이 다소 우수한 신뢰성을 보였지만, 시효 처리후에는 ENIG기판에서 신뢰성이 우수하였고, 반대로 OSP는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. OSP의 경우 과도한 금속간화합물 (intermetallic compound)의 성장으로 인해 접합 계면에서 취성파괴 (brittle fracture)가 일어난 것을 관찰할 수 있었다.

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대학생 소비자들의 가격지향과 과시소비 성향의 관계 -의복구매를 중심으로- (The Relation between the Perception of Price and the Propensity to Conspicuous Consumption in the Purchase of Clothing of College Students)

  • 박상미;이은희
    • 한국생활과학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.367-380
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    • 2007
  • This study investigates the perception of price and the propensity to conspicuous consumption in the purchase of clothing among college students and the relation between the perception of price and the propensity to conspicuous consumption. The data for this study were collected from 1,015 Korean college students. In order to analyze the data, statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, factor analysis, ANOVA, scheffe-test, Pearson's correlation, and Cronbach's a were used with the SPSS statistical package program. The major study findings were as follows. 1. The perception of clothing price among college students was classified into five factors: high price-oriented, discount-oriented, high quality-price rate-oriented, low price-oriented, and effectiveness-oriented. 2. The propensity to conspicuous consumption of clothing among college students was classified into four factors: brand name conspicuousness, conspicuous pursuit of vogue, symbol of their social position, and imported goods conspicuousness. 3. High price-oriented and discount-oriented were different significantly according to sex, age, father's educational level, monthly income, monthly allowance amount. High quality-price rate-oriented and low price-oriented were different significantly according to sex, father's educational level, monthly income, monthly allowance amount. Effectiveness-oriented was different significantly according to sex, age. 4. Brand name conspicuousness, conspicuous pursuit of vogue and imported goods conspicuousness were different significantly according to sex, age, father's educational level, monthly income, monthly allowance amount. Symbol of their social position was different significantly according to sex, age, father's educational level, monthly income. 5. High price-oriented, discount-oriented and high quality-price rate-oriented have the highly positive correlation with four factor of propensity to conspicuous consumption of clothing. Low price-oriented has the negative correlation with four factor of propensity to conspicuous consumption of clothing. Effectiveness-oriented has the lowly positive correlation with four factor of propensity to conspicuous consumption of clothing.

치과위생사의 임파워먼트와 조직몰입의 관계 (Dental hygienist, the relationship between empowerment and organizational commitment)

  • 이혜경;김미정;임연실
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.645-654
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    • 2010
  • Objectives : This study provides dental care organization that is responsible for services of dental hygienists to measure levels of empowerment and organizational commitment to. The impact of empowerment on organizational commitment is a variable that has to validate the improvement of organizational commitment of dental hygienists to have been studied for the suggestions. The study period 2009 July 1 to August 30 at Jeonju Jeollabuk dental material and dental hygienists are working in medical institutions to target a total of 336 copies (88.4%) and for analysis of the data was studied. Methods : For data analysis SPSS (Statistial Package for the Social Science) WIN 12.0 program using frequency analysis, T-test and One-way ANOVA test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, linear regression analysis was conducted through the following. Results : 1. Demographic characteristics (education, salary, age, workplace), the empowerment and organizational commitment as the decisive factor affecting the level was a significant difference. 2. Education, salary, age and demographic characteristics of the working period of the empowerment uimiseong, yeokryangseong, self-determination, but no significant differences in impacts factors, work factors, not only was a significant difference uimiseong. 3. Demographic characteristics (education, salary, age, duration of employment, workplace), the affective commitment, normative commitment, ever, ever commitment and showed significant differences remain. 4. The higher the level of empowerment of the subjects that were higher organizational commitment, was a significant difference. 5. Empowerment and Organizational Commitment of subjects related factors were analyzed in all the variables showed a significant correlation between. Conclusions : Dental health agencies that provide services of dental hygienists to improve empowerment and organizational commitment to develop a structured management program, a dental hygienist job dental hygienist program and professional standards for the continuous and systematic research. That will be needed.

FPGA 열제어용 히트싱크 효과의 실험적 검증 (Experimental Verification of Heat Sink for FPGA Thermal Control)

  • 박진한;김현수;고현석;진봉철;서학금
    • 한국항공우주학회지
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    • 제42권9호
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    • pp.789-794
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    • 2014
  • 정지궤도급 차세대 통신위성에 탑재될 디지털신호처리기에는 디지털 고속통신을 위한 FPGA가 사용된다. 적용된 FPGA는 높은 열소산량을 가지고 있으며, 이로 인한 접합온도의 상승은 부하경감 요구조건을 만족하기 어렵고 장비의 수명과 신뢰도 저하의 주요 원인이다. 지상과는 달리 우주환경에서의 전장품의 열제어는 대부분 열전도를 통하여 이루어지고 있다. CCGA 또는 BGA 형태의 FPGA는 인쇄회로기판에 장착되지만, 인쇄회로기판의 열전도율은 FPGA의 열제어에 효율적이지 못하다. FPGA의 열제어를 위하여 부품 리드와 하우징을 직접 연결하는 히트싱크를 제작하였으며, 우주인증레벨의 열진공시험을 통하여 그 성능을 확인하였다. 높은 전력소모량을 가진 FPGA는 우주환경에 적용하기 어려웠으나, 히트싱크를 적용함으로써 부하경감 온도 마진을 확보하였다.

부천 지역 주부의 식문화 의식과 가사행동과의 관계 (Relationship Between Dietary Consciousness of Housewives and Their Attitude of Households - in Puchon City -)

  • 고경희
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.211-224
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    • 1999
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the understanding of dietary consciousness and define the relationship of housewife attitude of middle class residence in Puchon city. Questionnaires were collected 282 housewives in Puchon city. Data were analysed with SAS software package for F-test and Duncan's multiple range test. The main findings of the research were as follows: The food related perchasing place was supermarket(91%), ordinary market(77%), department store(68%), special store(58%), common purchase(37%), convenience store(22%) and communication marketing(13%). The clothing perchasing place showed in the order of department store(71%), special store(65%), ordinary market(52%), common purchase(23%), supermarket(18%), convenience store(15%) and communication marketing(10%). Dietary cosciousness of housewife on foods, clothing, and housing related items was significantly different, specially 20's housewife was concerned about foods and 30's housewife was housing(p<0.05). The behavior consciousness of housewife was significantly different between age, education level, family type and income(p<0.05). Highly educated housewife showed a tendency to spend money and times for food related fields, and to buy clothes in a department store for breaking stress(p<0.05). However, low education level and extended family type housewife got more conservative consciousness on traditional fermented food making(p<0.05). Most of young housewife answered that the making of bread, cookies, soybean paste soup, children clothes and handicraft led to positive consciousness(p<0.05). Especially high life satisfaction housewife preferred to make a dosirak(lunch box), dinner, children clothes and handicraft(p<0.05).

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