• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.259-272
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• 2013

One of the factors influencing the climate around Korea is the oceanic-atmospheric variability in the tropical region between the eastern Indian and the western Pacific Oceans. Lack of knowledge about the air-sea interaction in the tropical Indo-Pacific region continues to make it problematic forecasting the ocean climate in the East Asia. The 'Tropical Indo-Pacific water transport and ecosystem monitoring EXperiment (TIPEX)' is a program for monitoring the ocean circulation variability between Pacific and Indian Oceans and for improving the accuracy of future climate forecasting. The main goal of the TIPEX program is to quantify the climate and ocean circulation change between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. The contents of the program are 1) to observe the mixing process of different water masses and water transport in the eastern Indian and the western Pacific, 2) to understand the large-scale oceanic-climatic variation including El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)/Warm Pool/Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)/Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and 3) to monitor the biogeochemical processes, material flux, and biological changes due to the climate change. In order to effectively carry out the monitoring program, close international cooperation and the proper co-work sharing of tasks between China, Japan, Indonesia, and India as well as USA is required.

• Strategy21
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• s.38
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• pp.47-82
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• 2015

To control the sphere, it required a strategic understanding to sphere and a power for overcome to it. In the early 20th century, the Pacific-War is a confrontation between the U.S. and the Japan for holding supremacy a pacific ocean sphere, building on maritime geopolitical perception. The Pacific ocean is a large of sphere, so if a country pursues a Pacific region supremacy, it needs a strategic perception and capability to control the sphere. After the U.S. has unified the continental, it has formed geopolitical perception in the Pacific ocean and by the way to control the Pacific ocean selected a naval power. The U.S. must have overcome a Pacific sphere for getting through to the Pacific region, this concept has developed the War Plan Orange(war plan relations with the Japan). Meanwhile, at this point of time, the Japan has recognized to a geopolitical point of view about security environment in the Pacific ocean. like as the U.S. has the War Plan Orange in mind for building on geopolitical perception of the Pacific ocean, the Japan also has learned geopolitical perception from the U.S. Because of this, the Japan has established the Interception-Attrition strategy(war plan relations with the U.S.). If we don't have overcome a sphere of the Pacific ocean, we don't hold hegemony of the Asia-Pacific region. So the analysis of perspective maritime geopolitics about the Pacific war is a meaningful study.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.695-702
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• 2009

This study includes spatial variations in the catch of billfishes in the Pacific Ocean and examines factors affecting interannual changes in the catch. Main billfish species caught by Korean tuna longline fishery were blue marlin and swordfish. A main fishing ground of the species was the tropical Pacific Ocean, while additional fishing ground of billfishes tended to be formed in the Pacific coast of Mexico in the El Nino periods. Further, the catch of billfishes was significantly related to CPUE (tons/average of the used hooks/vessel) in the entire Pacific Ocean as an index of stock abundance and equatorial SOI (EQSOI) as an index of El Nino event. Annual changes in the catch of billfishes in the Pacific Ocean could be regulated mainly by variations of stock abundance. In addition, increase of the density of billfishes in the tropical Pacific and additional formation of fishing ground by El Nino event possibly contribute to increase of the catch of billfishes in the Pacific Ocean. On the other hand, linear regression model may be more adequate in the analysis of relationships between fisheries data and indices made from using some environmental factors.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.129-132
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• 2006

A Pacific Ocean circulation model based on the RIAM Ocean Model (RIAMOM) with $1/6^{\circ}C\;and\;1/12^{\circ}C$ horizontal resolution successfully reproduced the peculiar circulation structures of the Pacific Ocean. The volume transports of model agree very well with the results of observations in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Also our model successfully reproduced the observed structures of the northeastward Ryukyu Current with a subsurface core at $500{\sim}600m$. A Possible mechanism for the subsurface current core of the Ryukyu Current is proposed focusing on the blocking effect of the Ryukyu Island Chain.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.355-371
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to explore the history of the relationships between Japan and the Pacific Island Nations in the context of its ocean policy, and to survey the current situation. Particularly, this paper inquires into how Japan's maritime policy, nuclear policy, and official development assistance policy have affected relationships with countries in this region. Firstly, this paper gives a brief overview of the socio-political situations of Pacific Island Nations. Secondly, the history of the 'Southward Advance Theory' adopted as national policy by Japan in the Meiji era is summarized. Thirdly, how Japan successfully re-entered this region despite conflicts surrounding the nuclear issue after the Second World War is explored. Lastly, this paper investigates how official development assistance and PALM (Pacific Island Leaders Meeting) helped to develop relations between Japan and the Pacific Island Nations.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Total sea surface temperature (SST) in a coupled GCM is diagnosed by separating the variability into signal variance and noise variance. The signal and the noise is calculated from multi-decadal simulations from the COLA anomaly coupled GCM and the interactive ensemble model by assuming both simulations have a similar signal variance. The interactive ensemble model is a new coupling strategy that is designed to increase signal to noise ratio by using an ensemble of atmospheric realizations coupled to a single ocean model. The procedure for separating the signal and the noise variability presented here does not rely on any ad hoc temporal or spatial filter. Based on these simulations, we find that the signal versus the noise of SST variability in the North Pacific is significantly different from that in the equatorial Pacific. The noise SST variability explains the majority of the total variability in the North Pacific, whereas the signal dominates in the deep tropics. It is also found that the spatial characteristics of the signal and the noise are also distinct in the North Pacific and equatorial Pacific.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 1971

There has been established bilateral and multilateral agreements of fisheries in the North Pacific, such as, the Agreements of International North Pacific Fisheries Commission, of Japan-Soviet Fisheries Commission for the Northwest Pacific and of the Furseal and King Crab. The auther reviewed these agreements and discussed about the growth of the International Fisheries Agreements in the future. This paper concerns with the present status of demersal resources which are important in commercial fisheries and caught in the North Pacific.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.167-168
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• 2000

A North Pacific Ocean Model has been developed with the Global Ocean Model of the Meteorological Research Institute of Japan which solves the primitive equations with Boussinesq, rigid-lid, and hydrostatic assumptions. The objective of the study is to improve the description of the variability on the East Sea and northwestern Pacific Ocean. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.717-731
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• 2011

To clarify relationships between the abundance and biological characteristics of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., we analyzed spatiotemporal changes in fork length, body weight, and an index of relative abundance (catch per unit effort, CPUE) for pink salmon (O. gorbuscha), chum salmon (O. keta), and sockeye salmon (O. nerka) collected by research gill-nets from the T/V Oshoro-maru and the T/V Hokusei-maru of Hokkaido University in the North Pacific during 1953-2007. Populations of each species were distributed throughout the western Bering Sea, eastern Bering Sea (EB), western North Pacific (WNP), central North Pacific (CNP), eastern North Pacific (ENP), and Okhotsk Sea. Since 1970, the average body size of chum salmon at ocean ages 0.3-0.4 has generally declined in the WNP and CNP. However, the average body sizes of sockeye and pink salmon have not shown temporal changes. Chum salmon showed significant negative (positive) correlations between CPUE and body size for populations in CNP (ENP) at ocean ages 0.2-0.3 (age 0.1) for both sexes. In general, sockeye salmon also showed significant negative (positive) correlations between CPUE and body size for populations in the EB at ocean ages X.2-X.3 (age X.1) for both sexes, except in CNP at age 2. Our results suggest that better growth by chum and sockeye salmon in the early periods of their ocean life histories might produce higher abundance. This higher abundance, which might also be affected by overlapping distributions among Pacific salmon species and populations in certain seas, in turn appears to cause density-dependent declines in growth in the following ocean life history period due to the limited carrying capacity of the seas. To understand complex dynamics in Pacific salmon species in the North Pacific Ocean, research on interactions among species and populations is needed.

• Atmosphere
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.599-615
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• 2016

This study investigates the accuracy of short-term ocean predictions during the development of ocean stratification for the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Global Seasonal Forecast System version 5 (GloSea5) as well as the effect of atmosphere-ocean coupling on the predictions through a series of sensitive numerical experiments. Model performance is evaluated using the marine meteorological buoys at seas around the Korean peninsular (KP), Tropical Atmosphere Ocean project (TAO) buoys over the tropical Pacific ocean, and ARGO floats data over the western North Pacific for boreal winter (February) and spring (May). Sensitive experiments are conducted using an ocean-atmosphere coupled model (i.e., GloSea5) and an uncoupled ocean model (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean, NEMO) and their results are compared. The verification results revealed an overall good performance for the SST predictions over the tropical Pacific ocean and near the Korean marginal seas, in which the Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) were $0.31{\sim}0.45^{\circ}C$ and $0.74{\sim}1.11^{\circ}C$ respectively, except oceanic front regions with large spatial and temporal SST variations (the maximum error reached up to $3^{\circ}C$). The sensitive numerical experiments showed that GloSea5 outperformed NEMO over the tropical Pacific in terms of bias and RMSE analysis, while NEMO outperformed GloSea5 near the KP regions. These results suggest that the atmosphere-ocean coupling substantially influences the short-term ocean forecast over the tropical Pacific, while other factors such as atmospheric forcing and the accuracy of simulated local current are more important than the coupling effect for the KP regions being far from tropics during the development of ocean stratification.