• Title/Summary/Keyword: PSB

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북한산국립공원의 식생개관

  • 임양재
    • Proceedings of the Botanical Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1985.08b
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    • pp.7-18
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    • 1985
  • Light-regulated translation of chloroplast mRNAs requires nuclear-encoded trans-acting factors that interact with the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of these mRNAs. A set of four proteins (60, 55, 47, and 38 kDa) that bind to the 5'-UTR of the psbA mRNA had been identified in C. reinhardtii. 47 kDa protein (RB47) was found to encode a chloroplast poly (A)-binding protein (cPABP) that specifically binds to the 5'-UTR of the psbA mRNA, and essential for translation of this mRNA, cDNA encoding 60 kDa protein (RB60) was isolated, and the amino acid sequence of the encoded protein was highly homologous to plants and mammalian protein disulfide isomerases (PDI), normally found in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Immunoblot analysis of C. reinhardtii proteins showed that anti-PDI recognized a distinct protein of 56 kDa in whole cell extract, whereas anti-rRB60 detected a 60 kDa protein. The ER-PDI was not retained on heparin-agarose resin whereas RB60 was retained. In vitro translation products of the RB60 cDNA can be transported into C. reinhardtii chloroplast in vitro. Immunoblot analysis of isolated pea chloroplasts indicated that higher plant also possess a RB60 homolog. In vitro RNA-binding studies showed that RB60 modulates the binding of cPABP to the 5'-UTR of the psbA mRNA by reversibly changing the redox status of cPABP using redox potential or ADP-dependent phosphorylation. Site-directed mutagenesis of -CGHC- catalytic site in thioredoxin-like domain of RB60 is an unique PDI located in the chloroplast of C. reinhardtii, and suggest that the chloroplast PDI may have evolved to utilize the redox-regulated thioredoxin like domain as a mechanism for regulating the light-activated translation of the psbA mRNA.

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Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl China Virus Impairs Photosynthesis in the Infected Nicotiana benthamiana with βC1 as an Aggravating Factor

  • Farooq, Tahir;Liu, Dandan;Zhou, Xueping;Yang, Qiuying
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.35 no.5
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    • pp.521-529
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    • 2019
  • Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus is a species of the widespread geminiviruses. The infection of Nicotiana benthamiana by Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) causes a reduction in photosynthetic activity, which is part of the viral symptoms. ${\beta}C1$ is a viral factor encoded by the betasatellite DNA ($DNA{\beta}$) accompanying TYLCCNV. It is a major viral pathogenicity factor of TYLCCNV. To elucidate the effect of ${\beta}C1$ on plants' photosynthesis, we measured the relative chlorophyll (Chl) content and Chl fluorescence in TY-LCCNV-infected and ${\beta}C1$ transgenic N. benthamiana plants. The results showed that Chl content is reduced in TYLCCNV A-infected, TYLCCNV A plus $DNA{\beta}$ (TYLCCNV A + ${\beta}$)-infected and ${\beta}C1$ transgenic plants. Further, changes in Chl fluorescence parameters, such as electron transport rate, $F_v/F_m$, NPQ, and qP, revealed that photosynthetic efficiency is compromised in the aforementioned N. benthamiana plants. The presense of ${\beta}C1$ aggravated the decrease of Chl content and photosynthetic efficiency during viral infection. Additionally, the real-time quantitative PCR analysis of oxygen evolving complex genes in photosystem II, such as PsbO, PsbP, PsbQ, and PsbR, showed a significant reduction of the relative expression of these genes at the late stage of TYLCCNV A + ${\beta}$ infection and at the vegetative stage of ${\beta}C1$ transgenic N. benthamiana plants. In summary, this study revealed the pathogenicity of TYLCCNV in photosynthesis and disclosed the effect of ${\beta}C1$ in exacerbating the damage in photosynthesis efficiency by TYLCCNV infection.

Strategy for Public Service Broadcasting News in Digital Era : Focusing on BBC 'Digital First' case (디지털 시대의 공영방송 뉴스 전략 : BBC의 'Digital First' 사례를 중심으로)

  • Joo, Jaewon
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.17 no.9
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2019
  • In the midst of the rapid changes in the digital media environment, this study try to examine the challenges of the public service broadcasting(PSB) news as a representative public sphere in a democratic society, and sought realistic alternatives through a case study of the BBC, one of the most successful digital policies of PSB in the world. The study found that the BBC's 'Digital First' strategy pursued a fundamental change in news formats, thereby simultaneously innovating on content. It was also interesting to see that the news consumers' needs for social media and video content were selectively analyzed and approached with a strategy of choice and focus. Finally, the production of customized digital content by analyzing news viewing behavior by each age group also suggests a lot to Korean PSB. I hope that the cases of this study will be reflected in the digital policies of Korean PSB.

Evidence for Taxonomic Status of Pachydictyon coriaceum (Holmes) Okamura (Dictyotales, Phaeophyceae) Based on Morphology and Plastid Protein Coding rbcL, psaA, and psbA Gene Sequences

  • Hwang, Il-Ki;Kim, Hyung-Seop;Lee, Wook-Jae
    • ALGAE
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.175-190
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    • 2004
  • The morphological and molecular characteristics of Pachydictyon coriaceum (Holmes) Okamura (1899) are described. Plants are collected from Korea all year round and have maximum height from August to September. The monthly variability of thallus growth is in the way with that of the seawater temperature. Two types of thallus structures, thick cortical layer tallus type and thin cortical cell layer type, are distinguished according to growing seasons. The habit of Korean plants is also classified into two thallus types, slender type and wide type, based on the length and the width of internodes, but this distinction between two types is not supported by either anatomical or molecular characteristics. P. coriaceum shares typical morphology in branching pattern and morphogenetic processes with the other species of Dictyota: 1) multi-cellular cortical and medullar layer in the partial of thallus, 2) same development of thallus from apical meristem cell, and 3) sub-lineage within Dictyota species lineage in rbcL, psaA and psbA gene sequences analyses. These characteristics lead to propose the new combination of Dictyota coriacea (Homes) I.K. Hwang, H.S. Kim et W.J. Lee, comb. nov.

Molecular Identification of Reynoutria japonica Houtt. and R. sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai Using SNP Sites

  • Park, Hana;Yoon, Chang Young;Kim, Jin Sook;Kim, Joo-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.28 no.6
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    • pp.743-751
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    • 2015
  • Reynoutria japonica and R. sachalinensis have been used as medicinal resources in Korea. However, it is difficult to identify and determine these medicinal herbs correctly because they are usually customized and purchased as the fragmented rhizomes types. To develop molecular markers for distinguishing two species, we analyzed and compared the chloroplast DNA sequences of seven loci (atpB, matK, ccD-psaI, atpF-H, trnL-trnF, psbK-I and rpl32-trnL). Among them, we found two effective SNPs in psbK-I region for R. japonica and atpF-H region for R. sachalinensis. Based on these SNP sites, we designed the new R. japonica- specific primer which is able to amplify 300 bp fragment in psbK-I region. A similar strategy was applied for the atpF-H region of R. sachalinensis. These molecular markers would be successfully applied to recognize R. japonica and R. sachalinensis.

Optimization for Small-scale Process of Swine Wastewater Treatment Using Rhodopseudomonas palustris KK14 (Rhodopseudomonas palustris KK14를 이용한 소규모 돈분폐수처리공정의 최적화)

  • Kim, Han-Soo;Oh, Chun-Hyun;Kim, Hyuk-Il;Cho, Hong-Yon;Yang, Han-Chul
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.303-309
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    • 1994
  • To develop the treatment process of swine wastewater using Rhodopseudomonas palustris KK14 with high utilizable ability of organic acids, some operating conditions were investigated and optimized in flask-scale and laboratory-scale reactors. The optimal operating conditions in photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) reactor of semi-continuous type were obtained at HRT 6 day, 5% (v/v/day) seeding rate of PSB sludge and 10% (v/v/day) returning rate of PSB return sludge. Under the above operating condition, COD level of the wastewater (initial COD: 10 g/l) was reduced to about 1.7 g/l after 4 days treatment and MLSS was held constant at $4{\sim}5\;g$ per liter. In laboratory-scale process consisted of 5.2 l anaearobic digestion reactor and 15 l PSB reactor, the total removal rates of COD and BOD were increased to 95% and 96% by the continuous operation for 5.36 days, respectively, showing $3kg\;COD/m^3/day$ COD loading rate and 1.1 Kg COD/Kg MLSS/day sludge loading rate in PSB reactor. The offensive odor was considerably removed through the treatment process of swine wastewater.

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Viewers' Cognitions of Public Values and Their Attitudes toward Public Service Broadcasting and the License Fee (공적가치 인식에 따른 시청자 유형과 공영방송 제도 및 수신료에 대한 태도)

  • Oh, Hayoung;Kang, Hyung Cheol
    • Korean journal of communication and information
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    • v.69
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    • pp.139-169
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    • 2015
  • This paper examines the factors that influence viewers' attitudes toward the public service broadcasting (PSB) system and the license fee. A online survey group was classified into four types on the basis of their expectations and evaluations of public values and demographic characteristics. Subsequentially, the attitudes each type of the viewers displayed toward the PSB system and the license fee were analyzed. The result reveals that young women in their 20-40s have more negative attitudes toward the PSB system than any other groups; those women tend to have high expectations on 'diversity' whereas they show low satisfactions with all the other public values. Additionally, this study attempted to detect factors that affect the attitudes toward the PSB system and the license fee. The important factors was not only the viewers' demographic characteristics but also their expectations and evaluations regrading the public values of PSB.

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No Trace of Introduced cpDNA of Pinus thunbergii in Pinus densiflor for. erecta Postulated as an Introgressive Hybrid between Pinus densiflora and Pinus Thunbergii (소나무와 곰솔간 이입교잡종(移入交雜種)으로 추정(推定)되어온 금강송(金剛松)에 있어서 곰솔 cpDNA 의 부재(不在))

  • Hong, Yong-Pyo;Kim, Kyu-Sik;Noh, Eui-Rae;Shin, Eun-Myeong;Kim, Zin-Suh
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.87 no.4
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    • pp.543-548
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    • 1998
  • Portions of chloroplast genes(psbD and rbcL) were amplified from Pinus thunbergii(Japanese black pine : black pine) and Pinus densiflora(Japanese red pine : red pine) by PCR and digested by a restriction enzyme, HaeIII, respectively. Two species specific cpDNA markers were identified. With the observed cpDNA markers, paternal inheritance of cpDNA in pine hybrids was verified in an artificial hybrid family between black pine(Chollanam 37) and red pine(Chungchongbuk 3). On the basis of paternal inheritance of chloroplast genome in a hybrid, 2 portions of cpDNA amplified from 115 individuals of Pinus densiflora for. erecta were screened to detect any traces of black pine specific cpDNA markers in P. densiflora for. erecta which has been postulated as an introgressive hybrid between red pine and black pine(Hyun el al., 1967). All the analyzed individuals of Pinus densiflora for. erects revealed the identical profiles of HaeIII digested psbD and rbcL genes to red pine. This result suggests that there is no introduced chloroplast genome of black pine in Pinus densiflora for. erecta and that there is no concrete evidence of treating P. densiflora for, erecta as an introgressive hybrid between red pine(♀) and black pine(♂).

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Characteristics of Bacillus sphaericus PSB-13 as Phosphate Solublizing Bacterium Isolated from Citrus Orchard Soil (감귤원 토양에서 분리한 인산염 가용화 미생물 Bacillus sphaericus PSB-13의 특성)

  • Joa, Jae-Ho;Lim, Han-Cheol;Han, Seung-Gap;Chun, Seung-Joung;Suh, Jang-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.405-411
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    • 2007
  • This study was carried out to measure insoluble phosphorus fractions content fixed in different soil type and isolate a superior phosphate solublizing bacteria(PSB) producing free phosphate in citrus orchard soil. Distribution of insoluble phosphate fraction ordered Al-P>Ca-P>Fe-P in the investigated citrus orchards. Insoluble phosphate fraction such as Al-P, Ca-P, Fe-P were higher in volcanic ash than in non-volcanic ash soil. A PSB with high holo zone in PDA-P medium isolated from citrus orchard soil. This strain identificated by MIDI system as Bacillus sphaericus. The optimum growth of pH and temperature were at 4~5, $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. When Bacillus sphaericus cultured at $25^{\circ}C$, 150 rpm condition in LB broth medium included different phosphate. Bacillus sphaericus produced free phosphate in the culture broth medium from tricalcium-phosphate(207.0 ppm), aluminium phosphate(324.5 ppm) and hydroxyapatite(334.8 ppm) and Phosphatase activity of Bacillus sphaericus was higher at $35^{\circ}C$ culture condition than that of $25^{\circ}C$. Two type preparation inoculated Bacillus sphaericus made with carrier materials such as Bentonite, $CaCO_3$, Sodium alginate. Density of PSB in this preparation conserved at $10^5c.f.u.\;g^{-1}$ level during storage in different temperature condition for 7 month. It also showed that free phosphate produced at PDA-P medium.

Morphological Characteristics of Needle Leaves and Analysis of Abies species based on Chloroplast DNA Sequences (한국 전나무(Abies holophylla), 일본 전나무(A. firma, A. homolepis), 그리고 법정 보호 전나무의 잎 형태적 특성 및 엽록체 DNA 분석)

  • Ahn, Chang Ho;Choi, Yong Eui;Park, Wan Geun;Han, Jung Yeon;Kwak, Yoo Shin;Kim, Se Chang;Park, Chan Woo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.108 no.2
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    • pp.200-207
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    • 2019
  • The aim of this study was to provide the basic information necessary to identify Korean fir (Abies holophylla), momi fir (A. firma), and Nikko fir (A. homolepis), and other fir trees planted in South Korea that are protected by law. Analysis of the morphological characteristics of the needles from each sample was investigated. The shape of the needle-leaf tip from A. holophylla was acute, whereas that from A. firma and A. homolepis was emarginate and that from the protected fir trees was obtuse. The number of stomata on the needles was not significantly different between A. holophylla and A. firma, and the number of stomata on the needles from A. homolepis and the protected fir trees were highly similar. In addition, the genetic differences among the Abies species were analyzed using the sequences of five chloroplast DNA regions-matK, atpF-atpH, rpoC2-rps2, rpoC1, and psbA-trnH.The atpF-atpH and psbA-trnH regions were useful for discriminating A. firma from the other species, but there were no differences among A. holophylla, A. homolepis, and the protected fir trees. The same chloroplast sequences were found in both A. holophylla and A. homolepis, which suggests that additional genetic studies might be necessary to identify the Abies species planted in both South Korea and Japan.