• ETRI Journal
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.594-602
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• 2013

This paper proposes printed organic one-time programmable read-only memory (PROM). The organic PROM cell consists of a capacitor and an organic p-type metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistor. Initially, all organic PROM cells with unbroken capacitors store "0." Some organic PROM cells are programmed to "1" by electrically breaking each capacitor with a high voltage. After the capacitor breaking, the current flowing through the PROM cell significantly increases. The memory data is read out by sensing the current in the PROM cell. 16-bit organic PROM cell arrays are fabricated with the printed organic PMOS transistor and capacitor process. The organic PROM cells are programmed with -50 V, and they are read out with -20 V. The area of the 16-bit organic PROM array is 70.6 $mm^2$.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.65-70
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• 2023

Prominin-1 (PROM1), also called CD133, is a penta-span transmembrane protein that is localized in membrane protrusions, such as microvilli and filopodia. It is known to be expressed in cancer stem cells and various progenitor cells of bone marrow, liver, kidney, and intestine. Accumulating evidence has revealed that PROM1 has multiple functions in various organs, such as eye, tooth, peripheral nerve, and liver, associating with various molecular protein partners. PROM1 regulates PKA-induced gluconeogenesis, TGFβ-induced fibrosis, and IL-6-induced regeneration in the liver, associating with Radixin, SMAD7, and GP130, respectively. In addition, PROM1 is necessary to maintain cancer stem cell properties by activating PI3K and β-Catenin. PROM1-deficienct mice also show distinct phenotypes in eyes, brain, peripheral nerves, and tooth. Here, we discuss recent findings of PROM1-mediated signal transduction.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.640-648
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• 2022

CD133, also known as prominin-1, was first identified as a biomarker of mammalian cancer and neural stem cells. Previous studies have shown that the prominin-like (promL) gene, an orthologue of mammalian CD133 in Drosophila, plays a role in glucose and lipid metabolism, body growth, and longevity. Because locomotion is required for food sourcing and ultimately the regulation of metabolism, we examined the function of promL in Drosophila locomotion. Both promL mutants and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies displayed reduced spontaneous locomotor activity. As dopamine is known to modulate locomotion, we also examined the effects of promL inhibition on the dopamine concentration and mRNA expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DOPA decarboxylase (Ddc), the enzymes responsible for dopamine biosynthesis, in the heads of flies. Compared with those in control flies, the levels of dopamine and the mRNAs encoding TH and Ddc were lower in promL mutant and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies. In addition, an immunostaining analysis revealed that, compared with control flies, promL mutant and pan-neuronal promL inhibition flies had lower levels of the TH protein in protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) neurons, a subset of dopaminergic neurons. Inhibition of promL in these PAM neurons reduced the locomotor activity of the flies. Overall, these findings indicate that promL expressed in PAM dopaminergic neurons regulates locomotion by controlling dopamine synthesis in Drosophila.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.16-22
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• 1981

2716 PROM programmer for the latest 16 bit $\mu$-computer Mc68000 system, which can program the contents of object code to 2716 PROM or EPROM of 2K byte capability in stand alone mode, is designed and implemented.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.64 no.3
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• pp.22.1-22.8
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• 2024

Differences between left and right-side joint range of motion may affect canine locomotive ability and movement. Passive range of motion (PROM) joint measurement provides the limits that a particular joint can move in its physiological planes of motion without influence of muscle activity. To compare left and right-side flexion and extension of the glenohumeral, humeroulnar/humeroradial, coxofemoral and femorotibial joints and for laterality PROM differences. Siberian Husky dogs were selected (n = 18), mixed gender, aged (1.4-11.8) years living and working together. Goniometry measured joint PROM, a validated, non-invasive method. Dogs were conscious and placed in standing position. Triplicate measures of joint flexion and extension were taken bilaterally of each dog for afore-mentioned joints. Median values of triplicate measures were computed. Paired t-tests compared laterality of joint PROM, gender, age (< 6 vs. ≥ 6 years) effects. Inferential symmetry indices [SI] were calculated. For all joints, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between left and right-side flexion and extension measures nor between genders. Age (< 6 vs. ≥ 6 years) had a significant effect on right hip flexion (p < 0.001); both left and right-side shoulder flexion (p < 0.001); elbow flexion (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001); hip extension (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001) respectively. The shoulder joint showed greatest PROM asymmetry (SI = 3.63%). Bilateral PROM measures are important to consider in joint movement and assessment. These results warrant further investigation with larger cohorts of defined age groups.

• Clinical Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.76-81
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• 2019

Objective: To examine (1) the degree of reduction of passive range of motion (PROM) on the affected side compared to that on the unaffected side and (2) the degree of increase in PROM following intra-articular corticosteroid injection (IACI) in patients with frozen shoulder. Method: The medical records of 120 patients with frozen shoulder were retrospectively reviewed. PROM of the unaffected and affected shoulder (flexion, extension, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation) was compared, and changes in PROM of the affected shoulder after a single IACI (triamcinolone 20 mg) were evaluated after 12 weeks. Results: At the time of diagnosis, PROM of the affected shoulder was most limited in external rotation, followed by internal rotation, abduction, extension, and flexion, compared to that of the unaffected shoulder. Compared to before IACI, PROM of external rotation demonstrated the greatest increase compared to all the other movements after IACI. Conclusion: Limitation in PROM of the frozen shoulder at the time of diagnosis was greatest for external rotation. Moreover, external rotation experienced the greatest improvement after IACI. Our findings should help to further clarify the clinical characteristics of frozen shoulder, aid in its diagnosis, and allow the prediction of the effects of IACI.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.30-36
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between the ankle dorsiflexion passive range of motion (DF PROM) under a non-weight bearing condition and the normalized reach distance in three directions of the Y-Balance Test (YBT). Sixty-one healthy adults (32 males and 29 females, age: $23.0{\pm}3.0$ years, height: $169.3{\pm}8.9cm$, weight: $61.9{\pm}5.4kg$) participated in this study. The ankle DF PROM was measured using a goniometer. To assess dynamic balance, all subjects performed three trials to determine the maximum lower extremity reach in the anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral directions of the YBT. The relationship between the ankle DF PROM and both the normalized reach distance in each direction and the composite score of the YBT were analyzed using the Pearson correlation. Only the normalized reach distance in the anterior direction of the YBT was significantly related to the ankle DF PROM measured under a non-weight bearing condition (r=.50, p<.001). Neither the normalized reach distances in the posterior directions nor the composite score of the YBT were significantly correlated with the ankle DF PROM measured under a non-weight bearing condition. These findings suggest that ankle DF PROM does not affect the overall dynamic balance of the lower extremity, with only the anterior dynamic balance affected among the three directions.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.917-921
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to examine the difference in measurements of passive range of motion(PROM) of shoulder when motions are assessed in sitting, as compared with supine and the intratester and intertester reliabilities for goniometric measurements of shoulder PROM using two different sizes of goniometers. * A thesis submitted to the committee of Graduate School of Public Health, Chungnam National University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Public Health conferred in February 2001. Fifty one adult male subjects were measured three times, in random order, for the six shoulder motions(flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external rotation, and internal rotation) while sitting and supine by three different therapists. Data were analyzed to determine intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and paired "t" values between trials for measurements with different goniometer and betweensitting and supine trials. There was statistical difference in measurement of shoulder motion between supine and sitting position and no statistical difference in goniometric type. The intratester intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for all motions ranged from .87 to .98. The ICCs for the intertester reliability of PROM measurements of all shoulder motion ranged from .26 to .89. These findings suggest that reliable measures of PROM of the shoulder can be obtained using standard goniometry in a proper position.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.33-36
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• 1994

The characteristics of the nonvolatile MONOS memory devices as the nitride thickness is scaled down while maintaining constant tunneling oxide thickness and blocking oxide thickness have been investigated in order to obtain the 5V-programmable E$^2$PROM. We have found that 1V memory window for a 5V programming voltage and 10 year data retention can be achieved in the scaled MONOS memory devices with a 50 blocking oxide, a 57 nitride and a 19 tunneling oxide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.769-771
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• 2003

PromSearch는 DNA 염기서열 상에서 프로모터의 위치를 예측하는 프로그램이다. 다루는 대상은 인간 DNA의 프로모터이며, 프로모터의 TSS(transcription start site, 전사시작지점)를 예측하는 것을 목표로 한다. 프로모터 영역을 세분하여 각 영역에 대한 프로파일을 PWM(position weight matrix)을 이용해 작성하며, 임의의 염기서열이 입력으로 주어지면 세분한 영역의 점수를 신경망을 이용해 통합하여 프로모터 여부와 TSS의 위치를 결정한다. 프로모터 영역의 분할은 코어 프로모터의 구성 요소인 TATA-box와 Inr, DPE(downstream promoter element), 그리고 코어 프로모터의 위쪽으로 150bp 크기의 영역 등으로 4분할하였다. Fickett의 데이터를 이용한 평가 결과 sensitivity 43%, specificity 88fp(1/376bp)의 성능을 보였다.