• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2001

갈화와 갈근의 에탄올성 간손상 흰쥐의 혈액학적 성분에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 에탄올을 투여한 흰쥐에게 갈화와 갈근을 수준별로 5주간 급여한 후 효과를 관찰하였다. 간손상 지표 효소인 혈청 AST, ALT, ALP와 ${\gamma}-GTP$ 활성은 에탄올 투여로 증가되었으나 칡추출물 급여로 감소 되였으며, ${\gamma}-GTP$의 경우 갈화추출물이 갈근추출물에 비하여 유의적이지는 않지만 활성 감소효과가 큰 것으로 관찰되었다. 혈청 혈당치와 간조직의 글리코겐 함량은 에탄올 투여시 정상군에 비하여 유의적인 감소가 관찰되었으며 힘추출 물급여시 증가되었다. 힘의 부위에 따른 차이는 갈근추출물에 비해 갈화추출물이 함량 증가효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 알부민 함량은 대조군이 정상군에 비하여 유의적으로 감소되였으며 칡추출물 급여에 의한 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 총빌리루빈, 직접 빌리루빈, 간접 빌리루빈, 크레아 티닌과 요산 함량은 정상군에 비하여 에탄올군에서 유의적으로 증가되였으며 갈화와 갈근급여군에서 감소되었다. 이상의 결과에서 갈화와 갈근추출물이 에탄올 투여로 인한 간조직 손상 지표효소의 활성을 감소시켜 에탄올성 간손상의 예방 및 치료에 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2015

Betulinic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene isolated from Jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba Mill), has been known for a wide range of biological and medicinal properties such as antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antihelmintic, antinociceptive, and anticancer activities. In the study, we investigated the antiviral activity on influenza A/PR/8 virus infected A549 human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cell line and C57BL/6 mice. Betulinic acid showed the anti-influenza viral activity at a concentration of $50{\mu}M$ without a significant cytotoxicity in influenza A/PR/8 virus infected A549 cells. Also, betulinic acid significantly attenuated pulmonary pathology including increased necrosis, numbers of inflammatory cells and pulmonary edema induced by influenza A/PR/8 virus infection compared with vehicle- or oseltamivir-treated mice in vivo model. The down-regulation of IFN-${\gamma}$ level, which is critical for innate and adaptive immunity in viral infection, after treating of betulinic acid in mouse lung. Based on the obtained results, it is suggested that betulinic acid can be the potential therapeutic agent for virus infection via anti-inflammatory activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.264-273
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• 2002

식물은 병원균이나 여러 가지 환경스트레스에 내하여 사기 방어기작을 가지며, 특히 PR 단백질은 병원균의 침입시에 동물의 면역반응과 유사한 생체방어반응을 나타내는 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 고추에서 항균 특성을 나타내는 PR5 유전자를 클로닝하고 이들의 특성을 구명하였다. 고추에서 서로 다른 3종의 PR5 유전자, CAPR5-1, CAPR5-2, CAPR5-3를 클로닝하였다. 이들 유전자의 특성을 조사하고 아미노산 수준에서 유사성을 비교하여 본 결과, 서로간에는 90% 이삳의 상동성을 나타내었고 이들의 2차구조를 비교한 결과 중요한 domain은 높은 상동성을 나타내어 PR5 유전자들이 항균 특성을 나타내는데 매우 중요한 motif로 작용할 것으로 사료된다. CAPR5-1, CAPR-2, CAPR5-3 유전자들의 항균성 정도를 조사하기 위하여 이들 유전자를 대장균에서 발현시켜 단백질을 분리하여 고추 역병균인 phytophthora capsici에 처리한 결과, 균사의 성장이 억제되어 CAPR5-1, CAPR5-2, CAPR5-3 단백질들이 항균성을 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2017

Objectives : Collagen decrease of Skin appears through various path ways. One of causes may be the Advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) that combine formation of glucose and protein. The aim of this study was to explore the prevent wrinkle formation of Paeoniae radix (PR) and heated Paeoniae radix (HPR) via AGEs path way. Methods : AGEs formation inhibitory activities of PR and HPR measured using bovine serum albumin, glucose, and fructose. To evaluate the protective effects of PR and HPR in diabetic rats induced with streptozotocin (STZ) and methyl glyoxal (MGO), SD rat were distributed into four groups. Normal rats (Nor), AGEs-induced rats (Con), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100 mg/kg PR(PR), AGEs-induced rats treated with 100 mg/kg HPR (HPR). To induce AGEs, streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and after 3 days administrated 100mM methyl glyoxal for 3 weeks. Results : The oral administration of HPR inhibited AGEs in skin tissues compared with PR. The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the serum were diminished by HPR treatment. The analyses of kidney and skin tissues proteins indicated that HPR treatment effectively reduced AGEs related protein levels as compared to that by PR treatment. Also, HPR decreased anti-oxidant related protein levels in skin tissues such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase. Moreover, it inhibited the reduction of COL1A2 by decreasing MMP-1. Conclusion : Based on these results, it was suggested that PR and HPR could have Improving effects on wrinkle formation. These evidences provide useful information for the development wrinkle formation treated agent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.1073-1079
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• 2005

To investigate plant protection, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and plant defense enzymes related to cell wall lignification were studied in pepper plants inoculated with antagonistic Bacillus subtilis HJ927 and pathogenic strain Phytophthora capsici. Phytophthora blight disease was reduced by $53\%$ in pepper roots when preinoculated with B. subtilis HJ927 against P. capsici. The activities of PR proteins (chitinase and ${\beta}$-1,3,-glucanase) and defense-related enzymes (peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase) decreased in roots of B. subtilis+P capsid-treated plants, but increased in leaves with time. The decrease and increase were much greater in P. capsici-treated plants than in B. subtilis HJ927+P capsici-treated plants, although P. capsici-treated plants had more severe damage. Therefore, changes of enzyme activities do not seem to be directly related to plant protection. We suggest that the change of these enzymes in pathogen-treated plants may be related to plant response rather than to resistance against pathogen attacks.

• Mycobiology
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

Pseudomonas fluorescens 1-94 induced systemic resistance in chickpea against Fusarium wilt of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri by the synthesis and accumulation of phenolic compounds, phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL) and pathogenesis related(PR) proteins(chitinase, $\beta$-1,3-glucanase and peroxidase). Time-course accumulation of these enzymes in chickpea plants inoculated with P. fluorescens was significantly(LSD, P=0.05) higher than control. Maximum activities of PR-proteins were recorded at 3 days after inoculation in all induced plants; thereafter, the activity decreased progressively. Five PR peroxidases detected in induced chickpea plants. Molecular mass of these purified peroxidases was 20, 29, 43, 66 and 97 kDa. Purified peroxidases showed antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.119-126
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• 2004

For the purpose of developing new anti-HIV agents from natural sources, the extracts of Solanum nigrum L. were tested for their inhibitory effects on HIV-1 replication and its essential enzymes as the reverse transcriptase (RT), protease and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. In the assay of HIV-1-infected human T-cell line, water extracts inhibited the HIV- 1 -induced cytopathic effects with IC (inhibitory concentration) of 100 ug/ml. Moreover water extracts (100ug/ml) of aerial parts showed strong activity of 32.6% on anti-HIV-1 PR using the activity of the enzyme to cleave an oligopeptide. In the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibition assay, aqueous extract a inhibited 17.4%, but no glucosidase inhibitory activities. We found out this result, for these samples it is possible that the inhibition of the viral replication in vitro is due to the inhibition at least one of PR and RT. It would be of great interest to identify the compounds which are responsible for this inhibition, since all therapeutically useful agent up to date are PR, RT and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitors.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.62-68
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• 2011

원예작물의 생육을 저하시키는 각종 병충해로 인한 과도한 농약과 화학비료의 사용은 환경오염뿐만 아니라 작물의 생산량에도 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 식물생명공학기술을 이용하여 농약이나 화학비료 사용량을 획기적으로 줄일 수 있는 식물체의 개발, 즉 형질전환을 이용한 분자 육종기술은 병충해 내성 농작물을 개발하여 과도한 화학비료의 사용에 따르는 여러가지 문제점들을 극복할 수 있는 대안으로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모델식물인 애기장대에서 분리한 식물생체방어 신호전달에 관련된 AtCBP63 유전자를 감자에 과발현시켰고, 이러한 형질 전환 감자에서 병저항성에 관여하는 유전자인 PR-2, PR-3, PR-5 유전자들의 발현이 증가되어 지속적으로 식물 방어 기작이 활성화되어 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 감자에서 무름병 (soft rot disease)을 일으켜 막대한 피해를 유발하는 병원성 세균인 Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora (Ecc)를 이용하여 AtCBP63 유전자를 과발현한 감자에 감염시켰을 때, 병 저항성이 증가한다는 사실을 검증하였다. 앞으로, 다양한 곰팡이 균에 대응하여 AtCBP63 유전자를 과발현한 감자에 저항성을 검증하고자 한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.2471-2476
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• 2007

A series of titanium complexes containing terdentate β-ketoiminate ligands were found to be efficient for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL), producing poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with bimodal distribution. Steric factors imposed by methyl substituents on the back bone of the alkoxy group affected significantly the polymerization rate and physical properties of the resulting PCL. Intra- and intermolecular transesterifications rather than disproportional rearrangements were responsible for the bimodal behavior and for the change in the molecular weight (Mw). Dilution with toluene reduced yield, and lowered polydispersity (PDI) and Mw of PCL, while the catalytic activities of the dimeric complex, [Ti(Oi-Pr)2(N-alkoxy-β- ketoiminate)]2 and Ti(Oi-Pr)4 were not sensitive to the added solvent. The dimeric complex showed living character, while other catalysts suffered from chain termination reactions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2013

Influenza viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans through epidemics or pandemics. Currently, two classes of anti-influenza virus drugs, M2 ion-channel inhibitors (amantadin and rimantadine) and neuraminidase inhibitors (oseltamivir and zanamivir), have been used for the treatment of the influenza virus infection. Since the resistance to these drugs has been reported, the development of a new antiviral agent is necessary. In this study, we examined the antiviral efficacy of the plant extracts against the influenza A/PR/8/34 infection. In vitro, the antiviral activities of the plant extracts were investigated using the cell-based screening. Three plant extracts, Thuja orientalis, Aster spathulifolius, and Pinus thunbergii, were shown to induce a high cell viability rate after the infection with the influenza A/PR/8/34 virus. The antiviral activity of the plant extracts also increased as a function of the concentration of the extracts and these extracts significantly reduced the visible cytopathic effect caused by virus infections. Furthermore, the treatment with T. orientalis was shown to have a stronger inhibitory effect than that with A. spathulifolius or P. thunbergii. These results may suggest that T. orientalis has anti-influenza A/PR/8/34 activity.