• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1756-1763
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• 2010

Pasteurella multocida serogroup D strain, which produces P. multocida toxin (PMT), is a widespread and harmful pathogen of respiratory diseases such as pneumonia and progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) in swine. Vaccination has been considered the most desirable and effective approach for controlling the diseases caused by toxigenic P. multocida. To investigate the antigenicity and immunogenicity of partial fragments of recombinant PMT, recombinant proteins of the N-terminal (PMT-A), middle (PMT-B), C-terminal (PMT-C), and middle-C-terminal (PMT2.3) regions of PMT were successfully produced in an Escherichia coli expression system. The molecular masses of PMT-A, PMT-B, PMT-C, and PMT2.3 were ca. 53, 55, 35, and 84 kDa, respectively, purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity column chromatography. All the recombinant proteins except for PMT-A showed immune responses to antisera obtained from a swine showing symptoms of PAR. Moreover, high titers of PMT-specific antibodies were raised from mice immunized with each of the recombinant proteins; however, the immunoreactivities of the antibodies to authentic PMT and heat-inactivated whole bacteria were different, respectively. In the protection study, the highest protection against homologous challenge was shown in the case of PMT2.3; relatively poor protections occurred for the other PMT fragments.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.141-154
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• 2015

Objective : In this paper, we investigated the anti-oxidative capacities and protective effects of water extract of palmul-tang (PMT) against Ultraviolet B(UVB)-induced oxidative damage in human keratinocytes(HaCaT). Method : To evaluate the anti-oxidative activities of PMT, we measured scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and reducing power of PMT. To give an oxidative stress to HaCaT cells, UVB was irradiated with $40mJ/cm^2$ to HaCaT cells. To detect the protective effects of PMT against UVB, we measured cell viability, apoptotic bodies and reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation. Results : PMT showed the anti-oxidative activities by scavenging DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation. Also PMT showed high reducing values. The UVB-induced oxidative conditions led to the cell apoptosis. However, treatment with PMT reduced oxidative stress conditions, including inhibition of cell apoptosis and expression of ROS. Conclusion : PMT had anti-oxidative activities and exhibited protective effects against UVB on HaCaT cells. PMT would be useful for the development of cosmetics treating UVB-induced skin aging.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2008

Ferroelectric properties of the PMT-PT were also studied from the temperature dependence of hysteresis loops using a method slightly modified from Sawyer-Tower's. Dielectric, pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics in the system PMT-PT were investigated. The resulted densities of the PMT-PT ceramics system were greater than 97 % of the theoretical value. As observed SEM micrograph of the fracture surfaces of the PMT-PT ceramics system, the average grain sizes were increased about 3-5 ${\mu}m$ to 6-8 ${\mu}m$ with increasing sintering temperature. The specimens with PT<0.30 for PMT-PT solid solution system exhibited the dielectric and pyroelectric properties of a typical relaxor ferroelectrics. The composition with the maximum dielectric constant exhibits relatively superior pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2003

Recently, many researches for plant alkaloids, one of the largest groups of natural products, are reported because of their various pharmacological activity. This study was carried out to clone putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) gene which is a key enzyme in diverting polyamine metabolism towards the biosynthesis of nicotine and related alkaloids from Burley tobacco. To induce expression of PMT gene in tobacco plant, the floral meristem was removed and then mRNA was purified from root. cDNA encoding PMT gene was isolated by RT PCR and cloned. Three different groups of clones were screened by PCR and restriction enzyme digestion analysis and were characterized. The data of these screening revealed that three types of PMT are present in Burley tobacco. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of this three genes encoding putative PMT with those of other tobaccos revealed that two types of PMT are newly discovered from Nicotiana tabacum cv. Br21 tobacco and they were same as PMT2, PMT3 of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2007

Pasteurella multocida Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) is a causal pathogenin atrophic rhinitis in pigs. To investigate the protective immunity and vaccination effect of recombinantPMT, the gene for PMT was isolated from the infective P. multocida D:4. The 2.3 kb XhoI/PstI fragment(PMT2.3) of PMT gene was expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) using the induced expression vector system.The recombinant protein of PMT2.3 having molecular weight of 84 kDa was purified by Ni-afinitycolumn chromatography. The PMT2.3 raised slightly less anti-PMT antibody titer than formalin-killedwhole cel, however, it showed more protective imunity against P. multocida D:4 infection in vaccinationand chalenge.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.327-338
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• 1998

To investigate effect of water extract of PaIMuITang(PMT) on human cancer cell-lines and immunocytes, this research estimated proliferation of A431 cell line, KHOS-NP cell line, mouse thymocytes and mouse splenocytes, Nitric Oxide(NO) from macrophage, apoptosis and subpopulation of the mouse thymocytes. The results were obtained as follows; 1. PMT inhibited the. proliferation of A431 cell line, but it is not significant. 2. PMT inhibited the proliferation of KHOS-NP cell line, but it is not significant. 3. PMT stimulated the proliferation of mouse thymocytes, being compared Con A non-treated group. 4. PMT stimulated the proliferation of mouse splenocytes, being compared LPS treated group. 5. PMT l00g/mQ inhibited the production of NO from macrophages in vitro, being compared NPS IFN treated group. 6. PMT inhibited the production of NO from macrophages in vivo, being compared LPS|IFN treated group. 7. PMT accelerated the induction of apoptosis of the mouse thymocytes. 8. In subpopulation PMT decreased $T_H$ of the mouse thymocytes, but increased T /dT s of the mouse thymocytes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.12-19
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• 2003

Transgenic tobacco plants were selected by using the transformation of putrescine N-methyltransferase(PMT) gene, the key enzyme in diverting polyamine metabolism towards the biosynthesis of nicotine. PMT was fused in reverse orientation to the CaMV 35S promoter of the plant expression vector pBTEX(pPAB3) to produce tobacco plants of low nicotine content. To compare nicotine content, only pBTEX vector and PMT gene which was fused in forward orientation to the CaMV 35S promoter(pPAB2) were also transformed to the leaf tobacco plants(Nicotiana tabacum cv. NC82 and N. tabacum cv. Br2l). The presence of sense- and antisense-PMT gene, and pBTEX vector in the transgenic plant was confirmed by genomic PCR.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

Purpose: This research was implemented for men in their thirties who have lower back pain to observe general activity disorder patterns during pinch lift and rubbing manual therapy (PMT) and stretching application. Methods: Participants were divided into three groups: The PMT Group used applied pinch lift and rubbing manual therapy; the STR Group used applied stretching; and the CON Group was the control group. Participants for each group received treatments that were conducted three times a week for a total five weeks. Measures of pain utilized Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) [INCOMPLETE SENTENCE]. Results: There were significant differences between the PMT Group and the CON Group as well as the STR Group and the CON Group for pain, muscle strength and flexibility. There was a significant difference in pain between the PMT Group and the STR Group. Conclusion: As a result, it is inferred that PMT and stretching positively influenced recovery with regards to pain, muscle strength and flexibility relief; however PMT is more effective for pain relief than stretching.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.364-366
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• 2007

The immunological role of the Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) in mice was examined using a PMT mutant strain. After a nasal inoculation, the mutant strain failed to induce interstitial pneumonia. Moreover, PMT had no significant effect on the populations of CD4+, CD8+, CD3+, and CD19+ immunocytes in blood or on the populations of CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes (P<0.01). However, there was a significant increase in the total number of cells in the BAL samples obtained from the wild-type P. multocida-inoculated mice. On the other hand, the level of IL-l expression decreased when the macrophages from the bronchio-alveolar lavage were stimulated with PMT. Overall, PMT appears to play some role (stimulating and/or inhibiting) in the immunological responses but further studies will be required to confirm this.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.431-438
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• 1999

Vertical congressive and horizontal pile load tests were performed to a instrumented large diameter (D : 1,000 mm) drilled shaft. A drilled shaft was penetrated into the weathered soil and weathered rock. PMT was done for evaluation of properties for these strata. It was expected to be difficult to get undisturbed samples of weathered soils and rocks. Thus. PMT was done at the several selected depths. In those strata, to prevent the test bore hole from collapsing, bentonite slurry was used for making the test bore hole. In this study. soil properties was evaluated by means of PMT results and estimating method (direct method, the Memard method) of vertical pile capacity and horizontal pile behaviors were summarized. Also, vertical and horizontal pile capacity were calculated using PMT and pile load test results.