• Title/Summary/Keyword: PM10.PM2.5

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Characteristics of Metallic Elements Concentration of Fine Particles(PM10, PM2.5) at Busan in 2004 (2004년 부산지역 미세먼지(PM10, PM2.5) 중의 금속 농도 특성)

  • Jeon Byung-Il;Hwang Yong-Sik;Lee Hyeok-Woo;Yang Ah-Reum;Kim Hyun-Jung;Seol Jae-Hwan;Kang Young-Jin;Kim Taek-Hoon;Jang Hyun-Seok
    • Journal of the Korean earth science society
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    • v.26 no.6
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    • pp.573-583
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    • 2005
  • [ $PM_{10}\;and\;PM_{2.5}$ ] aerosols were collected at Busan from March, 2004 to December, 2004, and the concentrations of some metal elements were chemically analyzed to study their characteristics. The mean concentration of $PM_{10}$ was $58.2{\mu}g/m^3$ with a range of 8.3 to $161.1{\mu}g/m^3$. The mean concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ was $29.3{\mu}g/m^3$ with a range of 2.8 to $65.3\mu}g/m^3$. The mean mass concentrations of Asian dust and non Asian dust in $PM_{10}$ were $121.5\mu}g/m^3$ and $56.0{\mu}g/,^3$ respectively. The mean values of crustal enrichment factors for six elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) were all higher than 10, possibly suggesting the influence of anthropogenic sources. The crustal enrichment factors of some heavy metal elements in non-Asian dust (NAD) were higher than those in Asian dust (AD), possibly due to anthropogenic emissions transported from industries around this area by westerly wind. The soil contribution ratios for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were $15.2\%$ and $17.5\%$ on the whole. and those of AD/NAD for $PM_{10}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ were 1.9 and 2.1, respectively.

Variations in the Monthly PM2.5 Concentrations and their Characteristics around the Busan Seaport Area (부산 항만 주변지역 PM2.5 농도의 월 변화 및 특성)

  • Kang, Nayeon;An, Joon Geon;Lee, Seon-Eun;Hyun, Sangmin
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.30 no.10
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    • pp.845-861
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    • 2021
  • This study investigated the variations in monthly PM2.5 concentrations and their characteristics at the sampling site (35.075°N, 129.080°E) around the Busan seaport area for six months (from August 2020 to January 2021). Monthly PM2.5 concentrations in the filtered samples ranged from 8.4 to 42.3 ㎍/m3 (average=19.6±8.2 ㎍/m3, n=50) and were generally high in August, December, and January, and low in September, October, and November. The variations of monthly PM2.5 concentrations showed similar patterns to those of the neighboring national air quality monitoring sites. The contents of Total Carbon (TC), Organic Carbon (OC), Elemental Carbon (EC), and OC/EC ratios in PM2.5 showed large variability during the study period. The OC/EC ratios ranged from 4.2 to 34.4, suggesting that the relative contributions of OC and EC to the PM2.5 concentrations changed temporally and might be related to their formation sources. Variations in the chemical components of and particle size distributions in PM2.5 showed that high PM2.5 concentrations were affected by various sources, such as sea salt and ship emission. The precursor gas concentrations were discussed in terms of monthly variations and their contributions to PM2.5 concentrations. However, further research is needed to understand the characteristics and behaviors of PM2.5 concentrations around the Busan seaport area.

Characteristics of Fine Particle Concentration and Ionic Elements of PM2.5 during Sea Breeze Occurrences in Summertime in Busan (부산지역 여름철 해풍 발생 시 미세먼지와 초미세먼지 중의 이온성분 특성)

  • Jeon, Byung-Il
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.30 no.6
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    • pp.465-474
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    • 2021
  • This research investigated the characteristics of fine particle concentration and ionic elements of PM2.5 during sea breeze occurrences during summertime in Busan. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations of summertime sea breeze occurrence days in Busan were 46.5 ㎍/m3 and 34.9 ㎍/m3, respectively. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations of summertime non-sea breeze occurrence days in Busan were 25.3 ㎍/m3 and 14.3 ㎍/m3, respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratios of sea breeze occurrence days and non-sea breeze occurrence days were 0.74 and 0.55, respectively. The SO42-, NH4+, and NO3- concentrations in PM2.5 of sea breeze occurrence days were 9.20 ㎍/m3, 4.26 ㎍/m3, and 3.18 ㎍/m3 respectively. The sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) of sea breeze occurrence days were 0.33 and 0.05, respectively. These results indicated that understanding the fine particle concentration and ionic elements of PM2.5 during sea breeze summertime conditions can provide insights useful for establishing a control strategy of urban air quality.

Development and Performance Evaluation of a Real-time PM Monitor based on Optical Scattering Method (광산란방식을 이용한 미세먼지 실시간 모니터링 장치 개발 및 성능평가)

  • Kang, Doo Soo;Oh, Jung Eun;Lee, Sang Yul;Shin, Hee Joon;Bong, Ha Kyung;Kim, Dae Seong
    • Particle and aerosol research
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.107-119
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    • 2018
  • In this study, we have developed a real-time monitoring device for measuring PM10 and PM2.5 of ambient aerosol particles. The real-time PM monitor (SENTRY Dust Monitor) uses the optical scattering method and has 16 channels in particle size. The laboratory and field tests were carried out to evaluate the developed SENTRY Dust Monitor. Arizona Test Dust particles were used as test particles in the laboratory test and the field test was carried out at the Jongno-gu Observatory in Seoul. The measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations obtained by SENTTRY Dust Monitor were compared with Grimm Dust Monitor (Model 1.108) and a beta ray gauge. It was shown that the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations obtained by SENTRY Dust Monitor agree well with that of the reference devices. Based on the results obtained in this study, it could be concluded that the SENTRY Dust Monitor can be used as a PM monitoring device for real-time monitoring of the ambient aerosols.

Studies on the Blood Chemistry of Korean Native Cattle and Pigs (한우 및 돼지의 혈액화학치에 관한 연구)

  • 도재철;이창우;손재권;정종식
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.49-53
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    • 1990
  • In order to know the range in blood chemical values and enzyme activities of korean native cattle and pigs being raised in kyongbuk province, the mean values of serum protein compositions, enzyme activities(GOT, GPT, ALP), cholesterol, glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid were determined and the results obtained were as follows ; 1. Mean contents of total protein, albumin, globulin and A / G ratio for the korean native male cattle were $7.28{\pm}0.86$ g / dl, 43.39{\pm}0.65$ g / dl, 43.83{\pm}0.92$ g / dl & 40.95{\pm}0.34$;for the male pigs were 47.39{\pm}0.84$ g / dl, 43.63{\pm}0.43$ g / dl, 43.77{\pm}0.88$ g / dl, 40.97{\pm}0.26$;for the female pigs were 47.60{\pm}0.68$ g/ dl, 43.54{\pm}0.58$ g / dl, 43.90{\pm}0.74$ g / dl, 41.02{\pm}0.34. 2.$ Mean activities of GOT, GPT and ALP for the korean native male cattle were 448.3{\pm}11.6$ U, 429.6{\pm}4.6$ U, 413.7{\pm}2.8$ U; for the male pigs were 458.6{\pm}10.6$ U, 438.6{\pm}5.3$ U, 424.9{\pm}9.2$ U; for the female pigs were 443.9{\pm}10.8$ U, 440.5{\pm}4.6$ U, 413.9{\pm}3.4$ U. 3. Mean contents of cholesterol, glucose and bilirubin for the korean native male cattle were 4108.7{\pm}31.8$ mg / dl, 488.2{\pm}26.4$ mg / dl, $0.69{\pm}0.52$ mg / dl; for the male pigs were 4105.9{\pm}18.3$ mg / dl, 4102.9{\pm}22.3$ mg / dl, 40.70{\pm}0.18$ mg / dl: for the female pigs were $113.1{\pm}20.9$ mg / dl , 4103.2{\pm}23.9$ mg / dl, 40.49{\pm}0.21$ mg / dl. 4. Mean contents of creatinine, urea nitrogen and uric acid for the korean native male cattle were 42.86{\pm}0.69$ mg / dl, $18.1{\pm}5.0$ mg / dl, 41.38{\pm}0.66$ mg /dl; for the male pigs were 42.20{\pm}0.51$ mg / dl, $18.2{\pm}4.3$ mg / dl, 40.29{\pm}0.10$ mg /dl: for the female pigs were 42.36{\pm}0.70$ mg / dl, $20.5{\pm}5.4$ mg / dl, 40.69{\pm}0.27$ mg / dl.

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Hourly Prediction of Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentration Using Time Series Data and Random Forest (시계열 데이터와 랜덤 포레스트를 활용한 시간당 초미세먼지 농도 예측)

  • Lee, Deukwoo;Lee, Soowon
    • KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.129-136
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    • 2020
  • PM2.5 which is a very tiny air particulate matter even smaller than PM10 has been issued in the environmental problem. Since PM2.5 can cause eye diseases or respiratory problems and infiltrate even deep blood vessels in the brain, it is important to predict PM2.5. However, it is difficult to predict PM2.5 because there is no clear explanation yet regarding the creation and the movement of PM2.5. Thus, prediction methods which not only predict PM2.5 accurately but also have the interpretability of the result are needed. To predict hourly PM2.5 of Seoul city, we propose a method using random forest with the adjusted bootstrap number from the time series ground data preprocessed on different sources. With this method, the prediction model can be trained uniformly on hourly information and the result has the interpretability. To evaluate the prediction performance, we conducted comparative experiments. As a result, the performance of the proposed method was superior against other models in all labels. Also, the proposed method showed the importance of the variables regarding the creation of PM2.5 and the effect of China.

Estimation of Particulate Matter Emission Factors from Open Burning (노천소각에서 배출되는 먼지 배출계수 산정에 관한 연구)

  • Jung, No-El;Jo, Myeong-Ran;Heo, Sun-Hwa;Kim, Hyung-Chun;Park, Jung-Min;Lee, Dae-Gyun;Hong, Ji-Hyung;Lee, Suk-Jo;Lee, Yeong-Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.348-356
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    • 2012
  • It is very important to investigate air pollutants and emissions emitted from open burning in order to control nonpoint sources effectively. In this study, we utilized incineration simulator proposed by U.S. EPA and investigated concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 from woods and household wastes burning to calculate emission factors and build emission inventories. The results of experiment with 15 kg of woods and 3 kg of household wastes using the incineration simulator were as follows: in case of woods burning, TSP concentration was $66.4mg/m^3$, PM10 concentration was $28.4mg/m^3$, PM2.5 concentration was $17.9mg/m^3$, respectively; in case of household wastes burning, TSP concentration was $118.4mg/m^3$, PM10 concentration was $66.8mg/m^3$, PM2.5 concentration was $55.2mg/m^3$, respectively. Concentrations from household burning, as stated above, were higher than those from woods burning. Emission factors (EFs) for woods and household wastes burning were calculated as 2.45 and 6.75 g/kg for TSP, 0.86 and 5.45 g/kg for PM10, 0.78 and 4.81 g/kg for PM2.5, respectively. EFs of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 calculated from household wastes burning were higher than those of woods burning. When we added PM emissions from woods burning and household wastes burning to Korean National Emission Inventory named as Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS), CAPSS annual emissions of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 were increased by 0.08~0.26% (An increase rate for TSP, PM10, PM2.5 were 0.08~0.10%, 0.16~0.20% and 0.18~0.26%, respectively). Note that we assumed that the 1% of household wastes is emitted by open burning.

Characteristics of Commercial Sigumjang meju (시판 전통 시금장 메주의 품질특성조사)

  • Chung, Yung-Gun;Son, Dong-Hwa;Ji, Won-Dae;Choi, Ung-Kyu;Kim, Young-Joo
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.31 no.1
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    • pp.231-237
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    • 1999
  • It is very distinctive that sigumjang meju was produced with smoking after molding. Every shapes of traditional sigumjang meju gathered from Kyeongsangbukdo were doughnut types. Fermentation time were $60{\sim}90$ days. Aerobic bacteria were $6.8{\times}10^7\;cfu/g$, and anaerobic bacteria, yeasts, molds count $3.2{\times}10^6\;cfu/g,\;1.0{\times}10^6\;cfu/g\;and\;4.0{\times}10^6\;cfu/g$, respectively. Analysis showed: moisture content, $10.5{\pm}2.6%$; fat content, $2.9{\pm}1.1%$; protein content, $8.3{\pm}0.7%$; ash content, $3.8{\pm}0.7%$; pH, $6.0{\pm}0.5$; L-value, $54.5{\pm}4.7$; a-value, $+3.3{\pm}0.7$; and b-value, $+10.7{\pm}2.0$. K content was the most in quantity among the minerals in sigumjang meju. Maltose was most abundant component among the tested sugars followed by mannitol. Total content of amino acid was $1524.9{\pm}1295.3\;mg%$. Proline was the most abundant component among the amino acids. The ratio of essential amino acid was $30.0{\pm}12.9%$. The principal fatty acids were 18:2, 18:1 and 16:0. Saturated fatty acid and mono unsaturated fatty acid were $23.2{\pm}1.9%\;and\;23.5{\pm}5.2%$, respectively. The PUFA/SFA was $2.3{\pm,}0.3$ which higher than 1.

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Concentration of Particulate Matter and Ammonia Emitted by Breeding Type of Laying Hen Houses in Winter (동절기 산란계사 사육형태별 배출되는 미세먼지 및 암모니아 농도)

  • Hong, Eui-Chul;Kang, Bo-Seok;Kang, Hwan-Ku;Jeon, Jin-Joo;You, Are-Sun;Kim, Hyun-Soo;Son, Jiseon;Kim, Hee-Jin;Kim, Kwang-Yeol;Yun, Yeon-Seo
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.48 no.1
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we measured the concentration of particulate matter (PM) and ammonia (NH3) emission in the winters according to the breeding type of laying hen houses. Measurements were performed thrice in Barn, Aviary, and Cage houses every 2 weeks from December to January. The changes in the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were similar in all three breeding types. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations, measured three times, were the highest in the Aviary house. In the results measured by time, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were the lowest during the dark period (22:00 to 4:00) of the day. The NH3 concentration was the highest in the Cage house and the lowest in the Barn house. Regarding emissions over time, the results of the three measurements showed different patterns and differed from those of the PM. In addition, with passage of time from the 1st (december) to 3rd (january), the NH3 concentration gradually increased. The daily PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations in the Aviary house, which were higher than those of the other houses, were 4,787 ㎍/㎥ and 388.6 ㎍/㎥, respectively, while, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations outside the poultry houses were 226.0 ㎍/㎥ and 39.3 ㎍/㎥, respectively. The daily NH3 concentration was 7.70 ppm and 9.20 ppm at the center and end of the Cage house, respectively. This was higher than that in the other houses. In conclusion, the concentrations of PM (PM10, PM2.5) and NH3 were the highest in the Aviary and Cage laying hen houses, respectively.