• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.130-133
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• 2009

$Cu_2ZnSnSe_4$(CZTSe) is one of the promising materials for the solar cell due to its abundant availability in the nature. In this study, we report the fabrication of CZTSe thin film by Pulsed Laser Deposition(PLD) method using quaternary compound target on sodalime glass substrate. The quaternary CZTSe compound target was synthesized by solid state reaction method using elemental powders of Cu, Zn, Sn and Se. Powders were milled in high purity ethanol using zirconia ball with mixed size of 1 and 3 mm at the same proportions for 72 hours milling time. The structural, chemical and mechanical properties of the synthesized CZTSe powders were investigated prior to the deposition process. The CZTSe compound powder, and $500^{\circ}C$ of sintering temperature shows the best properties for PLD target. Results show that the as-deposited CZTSe thin films with the precursors by PLD have a composition near-stoichiometric.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.244-250
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• 2012

The results of analyzing the difference between performances of individual dosimeters on this research subjecting the PLD and TLD, which are the official personal dosimeters, through dosimetry are as follows. After scanning the integral dose using an automatic scanner, the values of two devices that went through dose adjustment process had a statistical difference in TLD and PLD measurements under each filming conditions which were 70kVp, 200mA, 0.012sec and 42kVp, 100mA, and 0.012sec (p<0.001 and p<0.001 respectively). As for the difference of measurement value between DAP and the two particles under 70kVp, 200mA, 0.012sec filming condition, TLD had a value lower than DAP average value by $44.2mGy{\cdot}cm^2$ and PLD had a value of $246.8mGy{\cdot}cm^2$ which was lower than DAP average value by $15.5mGy{\cdot}cm^2$, while under 42kVp, 100mA, 0.012sec filming condition, TLD had a value lower than DAP average value by $17.9mGy{\cdot}cm^2$ and PLD had a value of $82.6mGy{\cdot}cm^2$ which was lower than DAP average value by 7.6$mGy{\cdot}cm^2$. Also, compared to PLD, each of 10 devices measured dose value in TLD had a larger deviation between the particles, and for a reproducibility test which repeatedly measured one particle, PLD had ${\pm}1%$ which was lower than TLD's ${\pm}2%$. As such, PLD had a superior performance result in dose measurement capacities aspect compared to TLD, and therefore we could verify that PLD is more appropriate and advantageous in managing radiation-related task performing worker's personal radiation exposure management in the diagnostic radiation field.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.197-206
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• 1997

Purpose : Phospholipase D (PLD) catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidic acid (PA) and choline. Recently, PLD has been drawing much attentions and considered to be associated with cancer Process since it is involved in cellular signal transduction. In this experiment, oleate-PLD activities were measured in various tissues of the living rats after whole body irradiation. Materials and Methods : The reaction mixture for the PLD assay contained $0.1\;\muCi\;1,2-di[1-^{14}C]palmitoyl$ phosphatidylcholine 0.5mM phosphatidylcholine, 5mM sodium oleate, $0.2\%$ taurodeoxycholate, 50mM HEPES buffer(pH 6.5), 10mM $CaCl_2$, and 25mM KF. phosphatidic acid, the reaction product, was separated by TLC and its radioactivity was measured with a scintillation counter. The whole body irradiation was given to the female Wistar rats via Cobalt 60 Teletherapy with field size of 10cmx loom and an exposure of 2.7Gy per minute to the total doses of 10Gy and 25Gy. Results : Among the tissues examined, PLD activity in lung was the highest one and was followed by kidney, skeletal muscle, brain, spleen, bone marrow, thymus, and liver. Upon irradiation, alteration of PLD activity was observed in thymus, spleen, lung, and bone marrow. Especially PLD activities of the spleen and thymus revealed the highest sensitivity toward $\gamma-rar$ with more than two times amplification in their activities In contrast, the PLD activity of bone marrow appears to be reduced to nearly $30\%$. Irradiation effect was hardly detected in liver which showed the lowest PLD activity. Conclusion : The PLD activities affected most sensitively by the whole-body irradiation seem to be associated with organs involved in immunity and hematopoiesis. This observation s1ron91y indicates that the PLD is closely related to the physiological function of these organs, Furthermore, radiation stress could offer an important means to explore the phenomena covering from cell Proliferation to cell death on these organs.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.285-292
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• 2007

SoC which deploys software modules as well as hardware IPs on a single chip is a major revolution taking place in the implementation of a system design, and high-level synthesis is an important process of SoC design methodology. Recently, SPARK parallelizing high-level synthesis software tool has been developed. It takes a behavioral ANSI-C code as an input, schedules it using code motion and various code transformations, and then finally generates synthesizable RTL VHDL code. Although SPARK employs various loop transformation algorithms, the synthesis results generated by SPARK are not acceptable for basic signal and image processing algorithms with nested loop. In this paper we propose a SoC platform with an application-specific PLD targeting local operations which are feature of many loop algorithms used in signal and image processing, and demonstrate design process which maps behavioral specification with nested loops written in a high-level language (ANSI-C) onto 2D systolic array. Finally the derived systolic array is implemented on the proposed application-specific PLD of SoC platform.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.108-112
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• 2010

Design of experiment (DOE) method is employed for a systematic and highly efficient optimization of Ga-doped ZnO thin films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) process. We sequentially adopted fractional-factorial design (FD) and central composite design (CCD) of the DOE methods. In fractional-FD stage, significant factors to make conductive electrode are found to target-substrate (T-S) distance and oxygen partial pressure. Moreover, correlation among the process factors is elucidated using surface profile modeling. Electrical properties of the GZO films grown on a glass substrate had been optimized to find that the lowest electrical resistivity of about $1.8'10^{-4}Wcm$ which was acquired with the T-S distance and the oxygen pressure of 4 cm and 7 mTorr, respectively. During the DOE-fueled optimization process, the transparency of the GZO films is ensured higher than 85 %.

• 한국초전도학회:학술대회논문집
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• v.15
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• pp.82-82
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• 2005

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.70-73
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• 2015

Many studies have used chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to grow graphene. However, CVD is inefficient in terms of production costs, and inefficient for mass production because a transfer process using a catalytic metal is needed. In this study, graphene thin films were grown on single crystal sapphire substrates without a catalytic metal, using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to resolve these problems. In addition, the growth of graphene using PLD was confirmed to have a close relationship with the substrate temperature.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.06b
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• pp.297-300
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• 2002

Application of electronic nose and PLD chip design was developed to be used in gas discrimination system for limited kinds of gas. An array of 4 metal oxide gas sensors with different selectivity patterns were used in order to measure gases. BP(Back Propagation) algorithm was designed and implemented on CPLD of two hundred thousand gate level chips by VHDL language for processing input signals from 4 kinds of gas sensors. This module successfully discriminated 4 kinds of gases and displayed the results on LCD and LED. The developed module could be used for various applications in the field of food process control and alcohol judgment.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1256_1257
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• 2009

We have grown, for the first time to our knowledge, N-doped ZnO thin films on sapphire substrate by employing novel dielectric barrier discharge in pulsed laser deposition (DBD-PLD). DBD guarantees an effective way for massive in-situ generation of N-plasma under the conventional PLD process condition. Low-temperature photoluminescence spectra of the N-doped ZnO film provided near band-edge emission after thermal annealing process. The emission peak was resolved by Gaussian fitting to find a dominant acceptor-bound exciton peak ($A^0X$) that indicates the successful p-type doping of ZnO with N.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.37-40
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• 1998

(Ba.Sr)TiO$_3$(BST) ceramics were fabricated with different Ba/Sr ratios and the str dielectric properties of the BST bulk ceramics were investigated. As the Ba/sr ratios dielectric constant decreased. (Ba$_{0.7}$Sr$_{0.3}$)TiO$_3$ (BST(70/30)) showed a maximum dielec value of $\varepsilon$$_{r}$=8.856, this showed that the decrease of Ba/Sr ratios had made BST thin dielectrics. Targets were fabricated and made into film by PLD process and the thin film by PLD process have good stoichiometry with the targets.rgets.