• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.79-87
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the KangWon Province Police Agency(KPA). The site, about 27,711 $m^2$, is located at 293-4 Udu-dong, Chunchun, KangWon-Do. Design objectives of the KPA were to build a symbolic place which fall community members with pride, to elevate an identity and status of the KPA by creating a landscape correspondent to the concept of the building design, to provide community residents with a space to enjoy cultural and social activities, and to make environment friendly space. The main concept was developed by one of characteristics of the traditional spatial structure of Korea known as an, 'Open and Closed spatial structure.'By re-interpreting the traditional spatial structure and applying it to the site, the design met the various desires of the KPA. The site is primarily segmented into 6 sub spaces; entrance space Podori plaza, symbolic court, police billeting area, sports area, and rear rest area. The entrance space, Podori plaza, and symbolic court on the south-west part of the site represent the publicity of the site as the concept of ″open space.″ On the contrary, considering the specialty of police affairs, the north-east part of the site, which contains the police billeting area and rest area, were designed to maintain security by using the concept of ″closed space.″ To express an identity of the KPA, 'Podori', a police mascot, the plaza was designed and is suppose to function as the hub of the community. In the front section of the plaza, a symmetrical planting pattern, centering the strong axis, was introduced to strengthen its symbolic meaning. Traditional window frames such as the pattern of 'Pisal-jige'and 'Umulsal-jige' were used for the paving system which is applied as the environment friendly design. Site facilities and furnitrue were placed at every important spot in order to connect various spaces organically. As these well-tied spaces properly shared their function, spatial sequence and management would be promoted. The entire space was designed to allow free access of handicapped people. This proposal is meant to create a new image of KangWon province and to enhance the way of inhabitants' think about their community.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2017

Swampland is a potential alternative land to be used in various agricultural production activities in Indonesia, because Indonesia have 33.41 million hectares of swamp land that consists of 13.28 million hectares nontidal swamp and million hectares 20.13 tidal swamp. In the province of South Sumatra, because of unpredictable water level in the field before planting, farmers have been doing agronomic adaptation method through the delay time of transplanting and forced to apply more than one the nursery practice with the combination of a floating nursery method and a dry-bed nursery method. This study was aimed to (1) evaluate the seedling growth and tillering pattern of several popular Indonesian rice varieties, and (2) look for alternative technologies to get a better rice seedlings under two nursery methods in the nontidal swamp land. In the first experiment, the seedling growth characteristics of five rice varieties (Ciherang, Inpara 5, Inpara 9, Inpari 29, and Inpari 30) was evaluated by two methods of nursery, i.e. floating nursery and dry-bed nursery. In the second experiment, rice variety of Inpari 30 was treated with Zn seed priming and foliar fertilizer of 2,300 ppm N at the nursery stage. Those treatments were combined with the time of seedling under floating and dry-bed nursery. The results of the first experiment showed that of the five varieties tested, dry-bed nursery method showed better seedling growth than floating nursery. This was indicated by high leaf number, tiller number, tillers pattern, shoot-root ratio and relative growth rate. Ciherang and Inpari 30 showed high tiller number, and they had produced tertiary tiller in the sixth week of observation. Moreover, shorter period of floating and dry-bed nursery in combination with the treatment of Zn seed priming and spraying seedling with foliar fertilizer N could improve the growth of seedlings.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 1991

The purpose of the this study was to investigate and analyze the various statistical data on the actual state of farmland uses given in Korea and Hokkaido of Japan. The results of this research are as follows ; 1. The rate of farmland uses was marked 118% and 99% in Korea and Hokkaido of Japan in 1988, respectively. That of Korea was higher than that of Hokkaido of Japan. The tendency of the value for Korea has been decreased since the value was shown peak in 1980, but that of the value for Hokkaido was found gradually the increased value. It was analyzed that the reason why the value was decreased in Korea was referred to avoid the crops culture, and the reason why the value was increased in Hokkaido was dueto increase the area of pasture. 2. The farmland use system according to region were d ue to be the mixing pattern of rice culture and dry-field crops in East region of korea and the type of mainly rice culture in West region. The pattern of farmland use system was used to be performed mainly the rice culture in Central region, the mixing type of rice culture and dry-field crops in South region, and the agriculture of mainly dry-field crops and dairy in East-North region in Hokkaido. 3. In the light of the rate of planting, the rate of rice culture and dry-field crops were 49% and 51% in Korea, respectively. As the values were 13% and 87% in Hokkaido of Japan, respectively, the dry-field crops attained the superiority. The main crop kinds was shown the rice culture in Korea and the feed plant in Hokkaido of Japan, respectively. 4. In considering the above results, there are much differences in agricultural style and industrialization processes in both country Korea and Japan. Especially much more differences were evident from farmland use system of Hokkaido Island where had unique agricultural style in Japan.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.67-77
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• 1996

The Organic agricultural techinques were investigated through the observations made for 3 years of the actual conditions of a farmer who has been practicing organic agriculture over 21 years. The farmer was a member of the Ichijima-cho Organic Agriculture Association. The Farmer had not performed much of the organic agricultural techinques at the beginning of his farming history. However, he has gradually developed techniques upon the experiences with trial and error. The notable characteristic of his basic organic agriculture was the utilization of a suitable organic fertilizer to make the soil fertile. Crop damages by diseases and insect pests were prevented through a fertile soil, raising of good seedlings, adoption of tolerant varieties and planting at a wide spacing and consequently considering not to use chemical pesticides. Introduction of power weeder for weed control and paddy-upland crop rotation reduced the cost of production for farming. The crop pattern and method of land us such as mix cropping, crop rotation and conversion of paddy field-upland fieldd were appeared to be very important in organic agriculture. The organic agricultural techniques get systematized upon the adaptation the regional ecology and the development of skills of the farmer. The most important point to achieve the success in organic agriculture system is not only by the development of the technical matters but also by the building of healthy relation and understandings between producers and consumers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.332-335
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• 2005

The three Korean wheat cultivars with different plant types; the erect, the middle and the creeping growth habit, were studied for their utilization to solar radiation, temperature changes on the furrow and to provide optimum planting space for producing the high yield in 2003. The average solar radiation rate was lowest for creeping type ($39.2\%$) and highest for erect type ($75.8\%$) The correlation coefficient between the coverage rate and the solar transmission rate was r = 0.8624 which was significant at $5\%$ level. The relative growth of the plant, tiller rate and leaf size was increased in the erect and the middle type at lower plant density, while no change on plant growth at creeping type regardless of plant density. The increase of leaf size in the lower plant density was due to longer flag and the first leaf than those of other plant types. The temperature on the furrow of growing plants was changed by the canopy. The changes in temperature pattern on the furrow according to plant types during winter season was different compared to the non plant ground. The temperature of the nonplant ground was the lowest due to solar reduction increasing the amount of cool air flowing in the furrow.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.229-239
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• 1998

This study investigated ecological and growth characteristics of Sorbus alnifolia for usage of landscape woody plant. The results are obtained as follows: 1) The results of investigate the native Sorbus alnifolia vegetations in Seoul and Kyonggi-do are as follows. From the investigation of canopy and understory, Pinus densiflora, Pinus rigida, Quercus mongolica Quercus dentata and Quercus aliena grow well in natural habitat of Sorbus alnifolia. While Rhod. mucronulatum, Symplocos chinensis, Corylus hetrophylla and alnifolia. While Rhod. mucronulatum, Symplocos chinensis, Corylus hetrophylla and Lindera obtusiloba are commonly found from shrub structure in the habitat. These structure pattern of natural setting would be applied for ecological planting design. 2) The Mt. Rabong area, which locates near a heavy factory district and is considered as environmental dteriorated area has the lowest soil acidity range among three investigated area. Sorbus alnifolia grows in where contains low soil acidity and inorganic nutrient. It might concluded that Sorbus alnifolia be tolerates to air pollution. 3) From the investigation of good specimen tres, the oldest good specimen trees of Sorbus alnifolia have grown in Seoul and Kyonggi-Do for 130 years with 15m height and 12m width. Most of good specimen trees are over 50 years old with 10~15m height, 4.5-12m width. These growth shape and form could be recommend that Sorbus alnifolia would be used as street tree and landscape woody plant in urban park.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.246-248
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• 2018

Urban development and population have augmented the increase of impervious land-cover. This phenomenon has amplified the effects of climate change and increasing urban island effects due to increases in urban temperatures. Seoul, South Korea is one of the largest metropolitan cities in the world. While land uses in Seoul vary, land cover patterns have not changed much (under 2%) in the past 10 years, making the city a prime target for studying the effects of land cover types on the urban temperature. This research seeks to generalize the urban temperature of Seoul through a series of statistical tests using multi-temporal remote sensing data focusing on multiple scales and typologies of green space to determine its overall effectiveness in reducing the urban heat. The distribution of LST values was reduced as the size of urban forests increased. It means that changing temperature of large-scale green-spaces is less influenced because the broad distribution could be resulted in various external variables such as slope aspect, topographic height and density of planting areas, while small-scale urban forests are more affected from that. The large-scale green spaces contributed significantly to lowering urban temperature by showing a similar mean LST value. Both of concentration and dispersal of urban forests affected the reduction of urban temperature. Therefore, the findings of this research support that creating urban forests in an urban region could reduce urban temperature regardless of the scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-70
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• 2003

The study was conducted to present the criteria of plant selection and planting design pattern suitable for the vegetation blocks which are becoming more popular for the facade greenery in urban areas. The main results are summarized as follows. 1. Under irrigated conditions, the plant grew better than that of unirrigated conditions and herbs grew better than shrubs. In selection of shrubs, it would be more proper to consider the size and depth of the pockets. 2. Under unirrigated conditions, Sedum middendorffianum and foreign sedums grew well, so it can be concluded that sedums can grow at low management condition. And, Hosta longipes and Aceriphyllum rossii could be survive at low management conditions only if irrigation was conducted at dry season. But, shrubs needed irrigation management for survival at vegetation blocks. 3. The results of this study, it can be concluded that greenery of walls and retaining walls might be effective for the creation of green space, improvement of urban landscapes, and the creation of diverse biotopes in urban areas with vegetation blocks.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.309-314
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• 1996

The American serpentine leafminer (ASL), Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), was fist found from a vinyl house planting gerbera in Kwangju area on January 26, 1994. To learn its distribution and damage pattern on crop plants, a nationwide survey was carried out at 293 vinyl houses from 25 cities/counties in six provinces. Its damage was found at 22 vinyl houses in Kwangju and Chinju areas. The range of leaves damaged by the ASL was 5-100% on gerbera, 40-70% on chrysanthemum, 20% on cherry-tomato, and 5-20% on celery. Host crop plants included gerbera, chrysanthemum, celery, cherry-tomato, watermelon, and pumpkin.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.3 s.39
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• pp.39-56
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to analyze the roadside slope of mountainous Parkway. 48 sites were selected by Random Ranking Sampling. This study was researched on the slope condition with the cause of occurrence, the situation of fundamental engineering works and vegetation on slopes. The main results of this research are summarized as follow ; 1. Slope shapes are shown nine types in cut slope and four types in fill slope. 2. Generally, fill slopes are larger than cut slopes in slop area. 3. Grade is more steep than standard grade. 4. Main engineering works, which constructed for slope stability, are terracing, side-ditch wall, channel, concrete trellis works and wire fence. 5. Roundabout channel were many constructed within the sector of Ukmojeong-Deokdong, but were few constructed within the sector of Banseon-Seongsam pass and Cheoneun Temple-Seongsam pass. 6. Most. of side-ditch wall were constructed of concrete and wet-masonry. 7. In vegetation works, many exterior species were selected. 8. Planting pattern was not combinated with the national park landscape.