• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.332-342
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• 2017

Purpose: In this study, the lifetime distribution of a k-out-of-n system with heterogeneous components is suggested as Markov model, and the time-to-failure (TTF) distribution of each component is considered as phase-type distribution (PHD). Furthermore, based on the model, a redundancy allocation problem with a mix of components (RAPMC) is proposed. Methods: The lifetime distribution model for the system is formulated by the structured Markov chain. From the model, the various information on the system lifetime can be ascertained by the matrix-analytic (or-geometric) method. Conclusion: By the generalization of TTF distribution (PHD) and the consideration of heterogeneous components, the lifetime distribution model can delineate many real systems and be exploited for developing system operation policies such as preventive maintenance, warranty. Moreover, the effectiveness of the proposed RAPMC is verified by numerical experiments. That is, under the equivalent design conditions, it presented a system with higher reliability than RAP without component mixing (RAPCM).

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2022

Genomic DNA (gDNA) set apart from two populations of Korean Charybdis crab (Charybdis japonica) was augmented by PCR experiments. The five oligonucleotides primers (ONT-primers) were spent to yield the number of unique loci shared to each crab population (ULSECP) and number of loci shared by the two crab populations (LSTCP). 305 fragments (FRAGs) were identified in the Charybdis crab population A (CCPA), and 344 in the Charybdis crab population B (CCPB): 44 number of ULSECP (14.43%) in the CCPA and 110 (31.98%) in the CCPB. 44 number of LSTCP, with an average of 8.8 per primer, were detected in the two crab populations. The bandsharing (BS) value between entity's no. 01 and no. 10 was the lowest (0.371) between the two CCPs. The average bandsharing (ABS) values of individuals in the CCPA (0.575±0.014) were lesser than in those originated from the CCPB (0.705±0.011) (p < 0.05). The polar hierarchical dendrogram (PHD) achieved by the five ONT-primers denotes three genetic clusters (GCs): cluster I (CHARYBCRAB 01, 04, 05, 06, and 08), cluster II (CHARYBCRAB 02, 03, 07, 09, 10, and 11) and cluster III (CHARYBCRAB 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, and 22). The shortest genetic distance (GD) displaying significant molecular difference (MD) was between individuals CHARYBCRAB no. 18 and CHARYBCRAB no. 17 (0.055).

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.221-231
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• 2013

Exchanging personal health information(PHI) is an essential process of healthcare services using information and communication technology. But the process have the inherent risk of information disclosure, so the PHI should be protected to ensure the reliability of healthcare services. In this paper, we designed encryption module for wearable personal health devices(PHD). A main goal is to guarantee that the real-time encoded and transmitted PHI cannot be allowed to be read, revised and utilized without user's permission. To achieve this, encryption algorithms as DES and 3DES were implemented in modules operating in Telos Rev B(16bit RISC, 8Mhz). And the experiments were performed in order to evaluate the performance of encryption and decryption using vital-sign measured by PHD. As experimental results, an block encryption was measured the followings: DES required 1.802 ms and 3DES required 6.683 ms. Also, we verified the interoperability among heterogeneous devices by testing that the encrypted data in Telos could be decoded in other machines without errors. In conclusion, the encryption module is the method that a PHD user is given the powerful right to decide for authority of accessing his PHI, so it is expected to contribute the trusted healthcare service distribution.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2016

In the environment of Internet of Things (IoT), IoT devices are limited by physical components such as power supply and memory, and also limited to their network performance in bandwidth, wireless channel, throughput, payload, etc. Despite these limitations, resources of IoT devices are shared with other IoT devices. Especially, remote management of the information of devices and patients are very important for the IoT healthcare service, moreover, providing the interoperability between the healthcare device and healthcare platform is essential. To meet these requirements, format of the message and the expressions for the data information and data transmission need to comply with suitable international standards for the IoT environment. However, the ISO/IEEE 11073 PHD (Personal Healthcare Device) standards, the existing international standards for the transmission of health informatics, does not consider the IoT environment, and therefore it is difficult to be applied for the IoT healthcare service. For this matter, we have designed and implemented the IoT healthcare system by applying the oneM2M, standards for the Internet of Things, and ISO/IEEE 11073 DIM (Domain Information Model), standards for the transmission of health informatics. For the implementation, the OM2M platform, which is based on the oneM2M standards, has been used. To evaluate the efficiency of transfer syntaxes between the healthcare device and OM2M platform, we have implemented comparative performance evaluation between HTTP and CoAP, and also between XML and JSON by comparing the packet size and number of packets in one transaction.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.3-12
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• 2015

Recently, various studies have been attempted to provide a biological information monitoring service through integrating with the web service. The medical information transmission standard ISO/IEEE 11073 PHD defines the optimized exchange protocol ISO/IEEE 11073-20601 based on the No-IP to exchange the biometric information between the ISO/IEEE 11073 agent and the manager. It's system structure based on the No-IP using ISO/IEEE 11073-20601 is not suitable for providing a remote biological information monitoring services. That is because it is difficult to provide to control and manage the biological information measurement devices, which have installed IP protocol stack at the remote. Furthermore, ACSE and CMDISE in ISO/IEEE 11073-20601 are not suitable to provide U-healthcare services based on IoT because they are complicated and difficult to implement it caused by the structural complexity. In order to solve the problems, in this paper, we propose the biological information monitoring architecture based on ISO/IEEE 11073 DIM/REST of IoT environment to provide the biological information monitoring service based on IoT. To do this, we designed biological information monitoring system architecture based on IoT and the message exchange protocol of ISO/IEEE 11073 DIM/REST between the ISO/IEEE 11073 agent and the ISO/IEEE 11073 manager. In order to verify the realistic possibility of the proposed system architecture, we developed the service prototype.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.3-11
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• 2013

In smart healthcare service, the accurate and prompt emergency detection and notification are very critical to patients' lives. Since these detection and notification of emergency situation are usually performed by the medical staffs, it is difficult to simultaneously support many patients in real-time. This article presents a methodology for emergency bio-data transmission for smart healthcare using personalized emergency policy. It consists of three steps: In step 1, the bio-data is collected by wireless body area network. In step 2, the decision on emergency is made using personalized emergency policy. In step 3, the emergency message including the health condition information is converted between IEEE 11073 PHD message and HL7 CDA. By doing this, the emergency status of the individual bio-data collected from wireless body area network is detected automatically using personalized emergency policy. When the emergency is detected, the quick emergency rescue service can be provided to the patient by delivering to the emergency notification and the emergency bio-data. We have verified the service and functions of the proposed system architecture by realizing it.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.21-30
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• 2014

Hypertension is one of the major causes of death in the world as it is related with cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, so it is needed to provide continuos management for blood pressure. This study selected Health Level 7 Fast Health Interoperability Resources (HL7 FHIR) as a bio-signal data exchange service model that can provide constant blood pressure management in the rapidly growing mobile health care environment. The HL7 FHIR framework developed communicates with the IEEE 11073-10407 Personal Health Device (PHD) protocol through the bluetooth Health Device Profile (HDP) between the manager (smart phone) and the agent (hemomanometer) and acquires information about blood pressure. According to the test results, it performed its tasks successfully including hypertension patients' blood pressure monitoring, management on measured records, generation of document, or transmission of measured information. Because in the actual, clinical environment, it is possible to transmit measured information through the TCP/IP protocol, it will be needed to conduct constant research on it and vitalize it in the field of mobile health care afterwards.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.197-202
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• 2010

Post release mechanism is generally used to reduce the severity of the occupant of an errant vehicle impacting a roadside posts. The 820kg-50km/h head-on impact simulations were made using LS-DYNA program for the posts of 101.6mm Dia(t=4.0mm) with and without clip-type release mechanism. The simulation result was compared with impact test result to enhance the credibility of simulation model. The study shows that the high impact severity (THIV, PHD) and excessive deformation threatens the safety of the occupant when a car impacts a rigidly connected posts, while a post with clip-type slip base reduce the impact severity to a safe level.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 2010

A composite safety barrier for bridge has been developed and the performance of the composite safety barrier for bridge has been compared with the steel safety barrier for bridge through computer simulation. As the structural strength performance, the composite safety barrier for bridge is superior to the steel safety barrier for bridge according that the deformation of the composite safety barrier for bridge is 17.0% of that of the steel safety barrier for bridge. As the passenger protection performance, the composite safety barrier for bridge is superior to the steel safety barrier for bridge according that THIV and PHD of the composite safety barrier for bridge are 47.1% and 49.0% respectively of those of the steel safety barrier for bridge. As the behavior of the vehicle after crash, the composite safety barrier for bridge is superior to the steel safety barrier for bridge showing the increased exit velocity and the reduced exit angle. Both of the steel and composite safety barrier for bridge are not scattered in the analysis.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.41-48
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• 2010

It is essential to guarantee a smooth communication and data exchange in a PHD(Personal Healthcare Device) network for applications providing U-health services. In spite of that, most of PHDs are heterogeneous, so the heterogeneity of their protocols makes it difficult to develop an integrated gateway sending sensed healthcare data to U-health service providers. To solve this problem, we suggest the design and implementation of a device adapter model based on dynamic managed module in this paper. Our model were implemented to work on the OSGi-based gateway middleware and to have interoperability in connection with the HL7 system that is the standard of the Healthcare Information systems. In addition, our model has an architecture supporting a communication based on the object serialization in order to provide extensibility in the functional aspect of applications. Through the experiment on a test-bed which is an implementation of the device adapter module for electrocardiogram and blood-pressure/blood-sugar device having one channel, we have confirmed the accuracy of sensing and sending data.