• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.119-125
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• 2022

본 논문에서는 500kg급 중형위성에 탑재를 목표로 개발한 C-밴드 영상 레이다용 파형발생수신모듈의 설계, 제작 및 시험 결과를 제시한다. 파형발생수신모듈은 약 500km의 고도에서 해상도 10m 기준 120km의 관측 폭을 만족할 수 있도록 50MHz 대역의 2개 주파수를 동시 운용하는 이중주파수 스캔 방식을 적용할 수 있도록 설계하였다. 제작된 파형발생수신모듈은 우주환경을 고려하여 방사성 내성이 고려된 RTG4 FPGA를 적용하였으며, 병렬 직접합성방식(PDDS)을 적용하여 메모리 맵 방식 대비 작은 메모리 용량으로 첩 신호를 생성할 수 있도록 구현하였다. 시험결과 주파수 순도가 높은 첩 파형을 안정적으로 생성하였으며, 수신 신호에 대해 디지털 하향 변환 후 확인 결과 목표한 IRF (Impulse Response Function) 성능을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.119-120
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• 2002

The aim is to urge the need of elaborate commissioning of 3D RTP system from the firsthand experience. A 3D RTP system requires so much data such as beam data and patient data. Most data of radiation beam are directly transferred from a 3D dose scanning system, and some other data are input by editing. In the process inputting parameters and/or data, no error should occur. For RTP system using algorithm-bas ed-on beam-modeling, careless beam-data processing could also cause the treatment error. Beam data of 3 different qualities of photon from two linear accelerators, patient data and calculated results were commissioned. For PDD, the doses by Clarkson, convolution, superposition and fast superposition methods at 10 cm for 10${\times}$10 cm field, 100 cm SSD were compared with the measured. An error in the SCD for one quality was input by the service engineer. Whole SCD defined by a physicist is SAD plus d$\sub$max/, the value was just SAD. That resulted in increase of MU by 100${\times}$((1_d$\sub$max//SAD)$^2$-1)%. For 10${\times}$10 cm open field, 1 m SSD and at 10 cm depth in uniform medium of relative electron density (RED) 1, PDDs for 4 algorithms of dose calculation, Clarkson, convolution, superposition and fast-superposition, were compared with the measured. The calculated PDD were similar to the measured. For 10${\times}$10 cm open field, 1 m SSD and at 10 cm depth with 5 cm thick inhomogeneity of RED 0.2 under 2 cm thick RED 1 medium, PDDs for 4 algorithms were compared. PDDs ranged from 72.2% to 77.0% for 4 MV X-ray and from 90.9% to 95.6% for 6 MV X-ray. PDDs were of maximum for convolution and of minimum for superposition. For 15${\times}$15 cm symmetric wedged field, wedge factor was not constant for calculation mode, even though same geometry. The reason is that their wedge factor is considering beam hardness and ray path. Their definition requires their users to change the concept of wedge factor. RTP user should elaborately review beam data and calculation algorithm in commissioning.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2003년도 제27회 추계학술대회
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• pp.56-56
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• 2003

For the treatment of superficial tumors like squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, 6 MV photon beam is not appropriate and a spoiler is widely used to increase dose in the buildup region, while preserving the skin sparing effect. However, commercially available treatment planning systems assume a normal unspoiled beam, thereby cannot predict the buildup dose with spoiler accurately. We aimed to implement a Monte Carlo (MC) based planning system to apply it to the radiation treatment of head and neck. Lucite with thickness of 10-mm was used for the beam spoiler with Siemens Primus 6 MV photon beam. BEAM/DOSXYZ MC system was employed to model the linac and the spoiler. To verify the calculation accuracy of MC simulations, the percent depth doses (PDDs) and profiles with and without spoiler were measured using a parallel-plate chamber. For the MC based planning, we adopted a hybrid interface system between Pinnacle (Philips, USA) and BEAM/DOSXYZ to support treatment parameters of Siemens linac and the spoiler. The measurements of PDDs and profiles agreed with the corresponding MC simulations within 2% (lSD), which demonstrate the reliability of our MC simulations. The spoiler generated electrons make a contribution to the absorbed dose up to depth of 2cm, which shows that the dominant source of increased dose from spoiler system is the contaminating electrons created by the spoiler. The whole procedures necessary for MC based treatment planning were performed seamlessly between Pinnacle and BEAM/DOSXYZ system. This ability helps to increase the clinical efficiency of the spoiler technique. In conclusion, we implemented a MC based treatment planning system for a 6 MV photon beam with a spoiler. We demonstrate sophisticated MC technique makes it possible to predict dose distributions around buildup region accurately.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.105-114
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• 2020

This study aimed to assess of beam-matching accuracy for an 8 MV beam between the same model linear accelerators(Linac) commissioned over two years. Two models were got the customer acceptance procedure(CAP) criteria. For commissioning data for beam-matched linacs, the percentage depth doses(PDDs), beam profiles, output factors, multi-leaf collimator(MLC) leaf transmission factors, and the dosimetric leaf gap(DLG) were compared. In addition, the accuracy of beam matching was verified at phantom and patient levels. At phantom level, the point doses specified in TG-53 and TG-119 were compared to evaluate the accuracy of beam modelling. At patient level, the dose volume histogram(DVH) parameters and the delivery accuracy are evaluated on volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) plan for 40 patients that included 20 lung and 20 brain cases. Ionization depth curve and dose profiles obtained in CAP showed a good level for beam matching between both Linacs. The variations in commissioning beam data, such as PDDs, beam profiles, output factors, TF, and DLG were all less than 1%. For the treatment plans of brain tumor and lung cancer, the average and maximum differences in evaluated DVH parameters for the planning target volume(PTV) and the organs at risk(OARs) were within 0.30% and 1.30%. Furthermore, all gamma passing rates for both beam-matched Linacs were higher than 98% for the 2%/2 mm criteria and 99% for the 2%/3 mm criteria. The overall variations in the beam data, as well as tests at phantom and patient levels remains all within the tolerance (1% difference) of clinical acceptability between beam-matched Linacs. Thus, we found an excellent dosimetric agreement to 8 MV beam characteristics for the same model Linacs.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.164-172
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• 2018

We evaluated the performance of various detectors for small-field dosimetry with field sizes defined by a high-definition (HD) multileaf collimator (MLC) system. For small-field dosimetry, diodes referred to as "RAZOR detectors," MOSFET detectors, and Gafchromic EBT3 films were used in this study. For field sizes less than $1{\times}1cm^2$, percent depth doses (PDDs) and lateral profiles were measured by diodes, MOSFET detectors, and films, and absolute dosimetry measurements were conducted with MOSFET detectors. For comparison purposes, the same measurements were carried out with a field size of $10{\times}10cm^2$. The dose distributions were calculated by the treatment planning system Eclipse. A comparison of the measurements with calculations yielded the percentage differences. With field sizes less than $1{\times}1cm^2$, it was shown that most of the percentage difference values were within 5% for 6-MV and 15-MV photon beams with the use of diodes. The measured lateral profiles were well matched with those calculated by Eclipse as the field sizes increased. Except for the depths of 0.5 cm and 20 cm, there was agreement in terms of the absolute dosimetry within 10% when MOSFET detectors were used. There was good agreement between the calculations and measurements conducted using diodes and EBT films. Both diode detectors and EBT3 films were found to be appropriate options for relative measurements of PDDs and for lateral profiles.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2008년도 International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.408-411
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• 2008

In an attempt to enhance luminance efficiency and to reduce discharge delays of test panels with aluminum fence-electrodes, various designs of the electrodes were prepared by chemically etching the aluminum foils bonded to soda-lime glass substrate via anodic bonding process. The effects of fence design on luminance and discharge characteristics were investigated and compared with conventional ac-PDPs. These results showed a possibility of using fence-type aluminum electrode at front plates of ac-PDDs without sacrificing its performance.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a "stealth chamber" as a novel reference chamber for measuring percentage depth dose (PDD) and profile of 6, 8 and 10 MV photon energies. The PDD curves and dose profiles with fields ranging from $3{\times}3$ to $25{\times}25cm^2$ were acquired from measurements by using the stealth chamber and CC 13 chamber as reference chamber. All measurements were performed with Varian VitalBeam linear accelerator. In order to assess the performance of stealth chamber, PDD curves and profiles measured with stealth chamber were compared with measurement data using CC13 chamber. For PPDs measured with both chambers, the dosimetric parameters such as $d_{max}$ (depth of maximum dose), $D_{50}$ (PDD at 50 mm depth), and $D_{100}$ (PDD at 100 mm depth) were analyzed. Moreover, root mean square error (RMSE) values for profiles at $d_{max}$ and 100 mm depth were evaluated. The measured PDDs and profiles between the stealth chamber and CC13 chamber as reference detector had almost comparable. For PDDs, the evaluated dosimetric parameters were observed small difference (<1%) for all energies and field sizes, except for $d_{max}$ less than 2 mm. In addition, the difference of RMSEs for profiles at $d_{max}$ and 100 mm depth was similar for both chambers. This study confirmed that the use of stealth chamber for measuring commission beam data is a feasible as reference chamber for fields ranging from $3{\times}3$ to $20{\times}20cm^2$. Furthermore, it has an advantage with respect to measurement of the small fields (less than $3{\times}3cm^2$ field) although not performed in this study.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2015

Beam-quality of medical linac evaluations vary by diverse factors. Because conventional beam-quality evaluation methods yield fragmentary results, a new beam-evaluation method is suggested, and its feasibility is evaluated. The PDDs (percentage depth doses) of 6 MV (Mega-voltage) and 10 MV photon, R (Range) of a 6 MeV (Mega Electron-voltage) and 9 MeV electron were measured and compared with the conventional evaluation methods, and the improved methods $PDD^{10}{_5}$, $PDD^{20}{_{10}}$, $PDD^{30}{_{20}}$, $PDD^{20}{_5}$, $PDD^{30}{_{10}}$, and $R^{70}{_{50}}$, $R^{50}{_{30}}$, $R^{70}{_{30}}$ as the magnetic field of the bending magnet was changed to +2% to -2%, and the results were compared. The comparison showed that the improved methods exhibit a higher discrimination than the conventional methods in each energy regime. $PDD^{10}{_5}$, $PDD^{30}{_{20}}$, $PDD^{30}{_{10}}$ and $R^{70}{_{50}}$, $R^{50}{_{30}}$ should be applied. These methods exhibit a higher discrimination in each energy regime than conventional beam-quality evaluation methods; therefore, they should be used for beam-quality evaluation according to the magnetic field variation.

• 센서학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2009

In this study, we have fabricated a fiber-optic dosimeter using an organic scintillator and a plastic optical fiber for measuring percentage depth dose with high energy X-ray beam. The scintillating light generated in organic sensor probe embedded in a solid water are guided by 20 m plastic optical fiber to the light-measuring device such as a photodiode- amplifier system. Using a fiber-optic dosimeter and an ion chamber, percentage depth dose curves are measured with 6 and 15 MV energies of X-ray beam whose field sizes are $2\;cm\;{\times}\;2\;cm$ and $10\;cm\;{\times}\;10\;cm$.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.486-502
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• 2017

본 연구는 한국 청정개발체제 산업의 형성 과정과 네트워크에 대한 분석을 통하여, 특정 장소에서 발생하는 산업 형성의 요인과 산업 변화의 동인을 도출하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 설문 조사 및 심층 면담 조사를 통하여 기업 행위자의 적응 활동에 따른 네트워크의 진화와 이의 창발적 현상으로서의 산업 변화를 분석하였다. 한국 청정개발체제 산업의 발생에는 국제적 제도로 인한 조건에 국내 기업들의 산업 활동이 부합하였다는 우연성이 작용하였다. 그러나 산업의 형성에는 발전사의 신재생에너지 발전 프로젝트를 유도하여 시장을 확대하는 방향에서 수행된 정부 정책이 산업 형성을 가속화하는 촉매 역할을 수행하였다. 구조재편 상황에서는 정부 정책이 온실가스 감축과 관련된 국내 새로운 산업 형성의 초기 조건을 형성하였다. 이 과정에서 해외의 관련 지식을 국내 착근화하고 국내 외의 프로젝트에서 기반으로 활용하도록 하는 지식의 국지화가 중요한 동인으로 작용하였다.