• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.54-54
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• 2019

Apple (Malus domestica) is one of the most economically important fruits in Korea. But virus infection has decreased sustainable production of apple and caused the serious problems such as yield loss and poor fruit quality. Virus or viroid infection including Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) and Apple scar skin viroid (ASSVd) has been also reported in Korea. In many cases, apple is infected with virus and viroid with no specific symptoms, the damage caused by the virus are unaware significantly. In our research, we tried to eliminate viruses in the rootstock for the disease-free seedlings of the apple dwarfing rootstock M.9 and M.26. The method of virus elimination was meristem culture, heat($37^{\circ}C$, 6weeks) treatment and chemistry($Ribavirin^{(R)}$) treatment. The analytical methods commonly used for the detection of virus is Enzyme-linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay(ELlSA) and Reverse Transcription-polymerase Chain Reaction(RT-PCR). RT-PCR method was more 30% sensitive than ELISA method. Efficiency of method eliminate virus appeared meristem method > heat treatment > chemistry treatment. The higher acquisition rate of disease-free seedlings is 30~40% on meristem treatment. In meristem treatment, the apple dwarfing rootstock M.9 gained infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV were 45%, 60% and 50% respectively. In the apple dwarfing rootstock M.26, infection ratio of ACLSV, ASPV and ASGV were 40%, 55%, 55%, respectively. Based on our results, it was found that most effective method of disease-free seedlings apple dwarfing rootstocks was by meristem treatment than heat method and chemistry treatment.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.329-335
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• 2019

Annually, millions of children die from respiratory virus infections. Human rhinovirus (HRV) is a causative agent of severe respiratory infections in young, elderly, and asthmatic patients with weak immunity. In this study, 9,010 respiratory virus specimens were collected from January 2012 to December 2018 at Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan and examined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Twelve respiratory viruses were detected. The mean detection rate was 21.3% (N=1,920/9,010), and the mean age of HRV-positive patients was 6.5 years (median age: 1.6 years, range: 0.0~96.0). The detection rate was the highest in July (32.4%) and the lowest in February (8.3%). When the detection rate was analyzed by age group, the detection rate was the second highest in patients aged 10~19 years. The co-infection rate of HRV was 35.3%, and the most common combination was with Adenovirus. Respiratory virus infections are known to occur in children and elderly people with weak immunity. However, in this study, the detection rate was second highest in patients aged 10~19 years. Indeed, the detection rate in this age group was more than 15%, except in January and February. These results suggested that steady-state studies on the infection patterns of HRV are required.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 2021

For this survey, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) testing was conducted using 14 species-specific primers to monitor the labeling of allergy-causing substances in various foods. Sixty samples from stationary stores near elementary schools and imported confectionery shops were tested, including snacks, candies, and chocolate. Allergens of milk, wheat, eggs, tomatoes, almonds and peanuts were detected in 30 cases (50.0%). In addition, many products were detected as either containing unlabeled substances or not showing allergen-related information and labeling in Korean. In order to ensure that consumers are able to purchase products safely and securely, a system for thorough guidance and monitoring of allergen-related labeling by domestic manufacturing and processing companies and import-related companies is required.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.76-80
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• 2021

To develop a method for the differentiation of Pleurotus ostratus cultivars, the multiplex-simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer set based on the SSRs obtained from whole genomic DNA sequence analysis was designed with two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer sets. These SSR primer sets were employed to distinguish 10 cultivars and strains. Twenty polymorphic markers were selected based on the genotyping results. PCR with each primer produced 1-4 distinct bands ranging in size from 150 to 350 bp, which was within the expected range. However, since a sole SSR marker was unable to detect polymorphisms in every cultivar, multiplex PCRs with composite PCR primer sets were employed. The multiplex primer, "166+115," completely discriminated 12 cultivars and strains with 40 loci, which were 12 more than the simple arithmetic addition of each locus of the primers 115 and 166. These results might be useful to provide an efficient method for the differentiation of P. ostreatus cultivars with separate PCRs for the quality control of spawn and protection of breeders' rights.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.126-137
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• 2022

Objective: Efficient gene editing technology is critical for successful knock-in in domestic animals. RAD51 recombinase (RAD51) gene plays an important role in strand invasion during homologous recombination (HR) in mammals, and is regulated by checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and CHK2 genes, which are upstream elements of RAD51 recombinase (RAD51). In addition, mismatch repair (MMR) system is inextricably linked to HR-related pathways and regulates HR via heteroduplex rejection. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9)-mediated knock-in efficiency of human lactoferrin (hLF) knock-in vector in the bovine β-casein gene locus can be increased by suppressing DNA MMR-related genes (MSH2, MSH3, MSH6, MLH1, and PMS2) and overexpressing DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair-related genes (RAD51, CHK1, CHK2). Methods: Bovine mammary epithelial (MAC-T) cells were transfected with a knock-in vector, RAD51, CHK1, or CHK2 overexpression vector and CRISPR/sgRNA expression vector to target the bovine β-casein gene locus, followed by treatment of the cells with CdCl₂ for 24 hours. After 3 days of CdCl₂ treatment, the knock-in efficiency was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA expression levels of DNA MMR-related and DNA DSB repair-related genes were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: Treatment with CdCl₂ decreased the mRNA expression of RAD51 and MMRrelated genes but did not increase the knock-in efficiency in MAC-T cells. Also, the overexpression of DNA DSB repair-related genes in MAC-T cells did not significantly affect the mRNA expression of MMR-related genes and failed to increase the knock-in efficiency. Conclusion: Treatment with CdCl₂ inhibited the mRNA levels of RAD51 and DNA MMR-related genes in MAC-T cells. However, the function of MMR pathway in relation to HR may differ in various cell types or species.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.31 no.11
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• pp.995-1003
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• 2021

Chromatin remodeling regulates gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Aberrations in histone modification have been associated with depression-like behaviors in animal models. Additionally, growing evidence also indicates that epigenetic modification is associated with depression. p11 (S100A10) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression both in human and rodent models. In the present study, we investigated alterations in histone acetylation and methylation at the promoter of the p11 gene in the hippocampus of mice subjected to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS). C57BL/6 mice were exposed to CUS daily for 3 weeks. Depression-like behaviors were measured with the forced swimming test (FST). The levels of hippocampal p11 expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. The levels of acetylated and methylated histone H3 at the promoter of p11 were measured by chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by real-time PCR. CUS-exposed mice displayed depression-like behaviors with prolonged immobility in FST. CUS led to significant decreases in the expression of p11 at both protein and mRNA levels. Meanwhile, there was a decrease in histone H3 acetylation (Ac-H3) and H3-K4 trimethylation (H3K4met3) and an increase in H3-K27 trimethylation (H3K27met3) at the p11 promoter. These results indicate that chronic stress causes the epigenetic suppression of p11 expression in the hippocampus.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.48-69
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• 2001

A lot of clones of the genus Dioscorea have been introduced from some tropical and subtropical regions since 1997. In 33 clones of water yams (Dioscorea alata L.), some morphological characteristics were investigated at the field. Variation ranges of the total weight and tuber number per stump were within the ranges from 90 to 2,147 g with an average of 610 g ; and 1.3-4.7 with an average of 2.8, respectively. The color tones observed on the tuber-flesh were sorted into 3 color-categories, i.e., white, pale brown and pale purple, and those on leaves were sorted into 3 color-categories, i.e., green, heavy green and purplish green. Intraspecific genetic relationship of 19 variation types of the Yam classified by their external morphological characteristics such as leaf and tuber shape was assessed by DNA using random and specific primers. Twenty two out of 113 primers (100 random[10-mer] primers, two 15 mer [M13 core sequence, and (GGAT)4 sequence]) had been used in PCR-amplification. Only 12 primers, however, were successful in DNA amplification in all of the analyzed plants, resulting in 93 randomly and specifically amplified DNA fragments. The analyzed taxa showed very high polymorphisms(69 bands, 71.0%), allowing individual taxon to be identified based on DNA fingerprinting. Monomorphic bands among total amplified DNA bands of each primer was low under the 50%. Similarity indices between accessions were computed from PCR(polymerase chain reaction) data, and genetic relationships among intraspecific variations were closely related at the levels ranging from 0.66 to 0.90.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.79-81
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• 2023

During the nationwide survey of fire blight, the typical shoot blight symptoms were found on Korean mountain ash (Sorbus alnifolia) which was located near an orchard that produced fire blight on pear trees in Eumseong, Korea, May 2021. To identify the causal agent, we progressed isolation from the symptomatic leaves and shoots. Two white and mucoid colonies were isolated into the pure culture. Two isolates were identified as Erwinia amylovora according to the colony-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with amsB primers and the phylogenetic tree using 16S rRNA sequences. To test of pathogenicity of two isolates, we inoculated immature pear fruits and understock of apple. We observed necrosis and oozes on immature pear fruits and shoot blight resulting in necrosis on apple shoots six days after inoculation. Colonies were recovered from the inoculated pears and apples, and identity was confirmed through colony PCR for amsB genes. To our knowledge, E. amylovora was first reported on Korean mountain ash native to South Korea.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2008

Purpose : Apolipoprotein E (Apo E) plays a major role in lipoprotein metabolism and lipid transport. Many investigators have described that Apo E polymorphisms is one of the most important genetic determinants for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between Apo E polymorphisms and serum lipid profiles in obese adolescent. Methods : We measured the serum concentrations of glucose, apolipoprotein (Apo) A1, Apo B, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL and LDL-cholesterol after overnight fasting in obese adolescent. Apo E polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results : 86 obese adolescents participated in this study. The body mass index (BMI) of participants were excess of 95 percentile by age and sex. Male to female ratio was 1.7 and mean age of study group was $16.2{\pm}1.8\;years$. Mean BMI was $27.4{\pm}2.5kg/m^2$. The frequency of ${\varepsilon}2$, ${\varepsilon}3$ and ${\varepsilon}4$ allele were 8.1%, 87.2% and 4.7% respectively. Study populations were classified into the following three genotypes 1) Apo E2 group (n=13, 15.1%) carrying either the ${\varepsilon}2/{\varepsilon}2$ or ${\varepsilon}2/{\varepsilon}3$ 2) Apo E3 group (n=65, 75.6%) carrying the most frequent ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}3$ 3) Apo E4 group (n=8, 9.3%) carrying either the ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$ or ${\varepsilon}4/{\varepsilon}4$. No differences were found among Apo E genotypes concerning age, sex, weight, height and BMI. Apo B and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher in the Apo E4 group (P<0.05). No association were found between Apo E genotypes and glucose, Apo A1, TC, TG and HDL. Conclusions : We confirmed that serum concentrations Apo B and LDL-cholesterol were influenced by Apo E genotypes. Apo E polymorphisms seems to influence some alteration of lipid metabolism associated with obesity in adolescent.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.199-205
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• 2006

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-$\alpha$ of three PPAR subtypes ($-\alpha,\;-\beta/-\gamma,\;-\delta$), which are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, plays a key role in lipoprotein and glucose homeostasis. A variation in the PPAR-a gene expression has been suggested to influence the development of metabolic syndrome through alterations in lipid concentrations. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between the PPAR-a and metabolic syndrome among South Korean. A total of 542 health screen examinees were enrolled in this study who were examined in Kosin University Gospel Hospital from December, 2004 to July, 2005. The height, weight, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure of the subjects were examined and fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride were measured by-sampling in venous blood. The metabolic syndrome was defined as the presence of three or more of the following : waist circumference men ${\geq}90cm$, women ${\geq}80cm$, blood pressure ${\geq}130/85mmHg$, fasting glucose ${\geq}110mg/dL$, HDL cholesterol men <40 mg/dL, women <50 mg/dL, triglyceride ${\geq}150mg/dL$. The blood pressure, fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride were evaluated by using the criteria of NECP ATP III and waist circumference was assessed by using the criteria of WHO Asia-Western Pacific. And the author compared the frequency of the PPAR-$\alpha$ mutation of L162V ($C{\rightarrow}G$ variant in exon 5) in a sample of 542 subjects with and without the metabolic syndrome by polymerase chain reaction allele-specific oligonucleotide (PCR-ASO) method. One (0.2%) hetero-isotype among high risk of metabolic syndrome was identified. The values of waist circumference, body mass index and low density lipoprotein cholesterol of the mutant were 100 cm, 28.6 $kg/m^2$ and 120 mg/dL, respectively. Although the author failed to see significant association between the presence of the PPAR-$\alpha$ L162V polymorphism and metabolic syndrome, one PPAR-$\alpha$ L162V polymorphism in metabolic syndrome patients was found.