• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.121-125
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• 2002

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes and radiological changes of arthroscopic augmentation with synthetic polyester ligament for posterior cruciate ligament injury Materials and Methods : The assessment was made among 60 patients who underwent arthroscopic augmentation with synthetic polyester ligament (ABC ligament, Surgicraft, U.K.) into the substance of ruptured PCL proper under the arthroscopic control from January, 1990 to January, 1996 and whose follow-up period was more than 5 years (average 7.8 years). The results were analyzed by using the posterior stress radiographs by Telos stress device, KT-2000 arthrometer and the clinical assessment by using Lysholm knee score. Results : The average difference of posterior displacement on stress radiographs were 13.2 mm preperatively and 3.6 mm at last follow up. Both knee showed minimal difference on KT-2000 arthrometer (0.7 mm on 20 lb) at the last follow-up. The mean Lysholm knee score was 49.2 preoperatively and improved to 84.3 post-operatively. Conclusion : Authors observed that long-term results of arthroscopic augmentation with synthetic polyester ligament for PCL injury were similar with those using human allograft. Taking these results into consideration, the synthetic polyester ligament is assumed to be a method of treatment of the PCL injury.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.66-72
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• 2004

Purpose: To evaluate the compensatory mechanism in vivo and develop the treatment guide by performing the comprehensive functional tests of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) deficient subjects. Material and Methods: 10 PCL deficient subjects and 10 healthy control group were evaluated. Performed functional tests were range of motion, posterior drawer test, Telos, 30$^{\circ}$ flexion wt-bearing view, KT-1000 arthrometer, gait analysis, EMG test and isokinetic tests. Results: Physical, KT-1000, Telos posterior tests showed significant differences, but 300 full weight bearing lateral view, muscle strength test revealed no difference between two groups. Less knee flexion at initial contact and reduced maximum valgus moment were observed in PCL deficient group. In vertical drop landing, PCL group had increased plantar flexion angle at initial contact. Conclusion: Compensatory mechanisms such as reduced unstable components and absorbing the maximal load of the joint were occurred after PCL insufficiency, which result in good clinical and functional outcomes. Further investigations would be needed to understand the functional adaptations of PCL deficient subjects.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-71
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• 2010

Ganglionic cyst formation within the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) of knee has not been reported. We describe a case of an intraligamentous ganglionic cyst of PCL. Arthroscopic technique through both the posteromedial and posterolateral portals was used for approach. Using probe, PCL was splitted and perforated ganglionic cyst at tibial attachement side. At 2 years follow up, the patient was free of symptoms with a full range of motion and follow-up MR image showed that there was no recurred ganglionic cyst.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.54-60
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• 2011

Puropse: To evaluate the outcome of arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using fresh-frozen achilles allograft tendon with preservation of ligament remnant or elongated ligament. Materials and Methods: From October 2004 to March 2010, we performed PCL reconstruction with Achilles tendon allografts in 22 complete rupture patients. Mean age was 31.5 years. 14 cases were male and 8 cases were female. Average follow-up period was 3 years and 7 months, range from 1 year to 6 years and 4 months. Subjective and objective parameters were utilized in analyses, such as the mean range of motion, post. drawer test, Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity score, IKDC score, and second look arthroscopic examination. Results: Postoperative Lysholm knee score, IKDC scores, Tegner activity scale, and posterior displacement by the Telos stress test demonstrated statistically significant improvement compared to the preoperative state. Conclusion: Arthroscopic PCL reconstruction using fresh-frozen achilles allograft tendon with preservation of ligament remnant showed good clinical results and posterior stability.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 1998

The use of autogenous tissues is preferred for knee ligament reconstruction. However allografts play a role in major ligament reconstructive procedures in which multiple substitutions or revisions are required. In the dislocated knee, allografts may offer an advantage in reconstructing the PCL. But allografts in knee ligament surgery must be considered in terms of biomechanical and regenerative properties, disease transmission and immunogenecity, and methods of preservation and sterilization. Also only a few authors have described the use of allograft for reconstruction of a ruptured PCL, either a single procedure, or in combination with ACL repair following knee dislocation. Furthermore, the problems that the clinician faces with use of allografts is the necessity for supervision to ensure that the grafts are correctly processed, secondarily sterilized, and free of transmissible diseases. For these reasons, the routine use of allograft materials in the treatment of ligament deficiencies should be avoid and provide with meaningful outcome studies, including longterm follow-up.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2002

Purpose : To compare the functional evaluation with the posterior translation after arthroscopic PCL reconstruction in isolated and combined PCL-deficient knees. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively evaluated 45 patients with PCL-deficient knees who were treated by arthroscopic PCL reconstruction using Achilles tendon allograft from June 1994 to June 2000. The differences of posterior translation were measured with posterior stress lateral radiographs and KT-2000 arthrometer. The functional results were evaluated using the Lysholm knee score and IKDC evaluation form. Results : Preoperative mean side to side differences of the posterior translation were 11.83 mm in isolated PCL-deficient knees and 12.7 mm in combined PCL-deficient knees respectively. At the last follow-up in isolated and combined PCL-deficient knees, the mean radiographic side to side differences of the posterior translation were 6.38 mm and 6.7 mm, the average corrected 20 Ib posterior displacements using KT-2000 arthrometer were 3.5 mm and 4.1 mm, the mean Lysholm score were 87.4 and 81.2, the grade A and B of IKDC evaluation form were 16 cases $(88.9\%)$ and 23 cases $(85.2\%)$, respectively. Conclusion : The functional results had no relationship with the degree of posterior translation after arthroscopic PCL reconstruction. Tendency of posterior translation may be influenced by associated injury of the knee.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2002

Propose : The purpose of this retrospective study was to test the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL index) for diagnosis of a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) by means of MR imaging. Materials and Methods : From Mar. 1997 to Feb. 2001, concomitant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and knee joint arthroscopy were performed in 56 patients of either pain or instability of the knee. The shortest distance between the femoral and tibial attachment of PCL (X) and the distance from that line to the tip of the arc marked by the PCL (Y) on the sagittal plane images were measured. The quotient of these two parameters (Y/X) defined the PCL index. Results : Using MRI diagnosis, there were 35 patients diagnosed with ACL rupture and 21 patients were ruled out of ACL injury. Using arthroscopy, 32 of the 35 patients diagnosed by MRI showed ACL rupture, and 20 of the 21 patients were ruled out of ACL injury. The mean PCL index was 0.40 in the 33 patients diagnosed with ACL rupture through arthroscopy. The mean PCL index was 0.23 in 23 patients with an uninjured ACL through arthroscopy. In 33 patients with ruptured ACL, this value exceeds 0.31. The index value was 0.31 in 3 patients with uninjured ACL. The value of the index was not above 0.31 with an uninjured ACL. PCL index on MRI had a sensitivity of $91\%$ and a specificity of $94\%$ for determining the status of the anterior cruciate ligament. Conclusion : Injury to the ACL changes the PCL index markedly. In diagnostically unreliable MR images, amelioration of the PCL index could help in the diagnosis of ACL injury.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2004

Purpose: We reviewed the effectiveness and the result of arthroscopic resection for ganglion cyst of posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) through the posterior trans-septal approach. Material and Method: Seven patients with symptomatic ganglion cyst of the PCL were treated with arthroscopic resection using posterior trans-septal approach. We analyzed advantages of the posterior trans-septal approach and presence of intra articular problem. Knee function was assessed using the lysholm knee scale. Results: The overall result for the 7 knees were very satisfied in all. We found that four of seven patients had intra articular problems, and past history of trauma could be found in 3 cases. The Lysholm knee scale was increased from average 93.3 points preoperatively to average 97.8 points postoperatively. Conclusion: Arthroscopic posterior trans-septal approach shows an effective technique for complete resection of cyst and evaluation of the combined posterior compartment injury.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of arthroscopic primary repair of a posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) avulsion injury without bony fragment at the femoral attach site. Materials and Methods: From Jan. 1993 to Dec. 2002, we performed 10 cases of PCL repair by arthroscopic suture technique. The mean follow-up period was $38.7{\pm}11$ months and the mean age of the patients was $28.2{\pm}6$ years old. 8 cases were men. 2 cases were women. At last follow-up, all cases were evaluated with the Lysholm and Gillquist knee rating system and International Knee Documentation Committee criteria. Posterior tibial displacement on stress lateral radiograph and posterior instability with posterior drawer test were measured also in all cases. Results: The mean Lysholm and Gillquist score was $94.5{\pm}2.6$. 4 cases were IKDC A(normal) and the other 6 cases were IKDC B(nearly normal). Posterior instabilities by posterior drawer test were grade I in 5 cases and grade II in 5 cases. A mean posterior translation of tibia was $3{\pm}2.3$ mm on stress lateral radiographs. Conclusion: Arthroscopic primary repair of PCL avulsion without bony fragment at the femoral attach site is one of the useful methods that reduce the posterior instability and improve the functional outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.128-130
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• 2010

Femoral avulsion fracture of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is rare, especially in adult. We experienced a case of femoral bony avulsion fracture of PCL. The patient was seventy one year old man with limitation of motion in the knee joint due to previous trauma and he was injured by fall down from 2 m height. We took CT scan and MRI study. We treated with arthroscopic repair technique using transfemoral two wire sutures. Second look arthroscopy was done for removal of the wires at postoperative one year.