• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2002

고성능 PC 클러스터 시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 네트워크 접근시간을 최소화하는 것이 중 요하다. SCI 기반 PC 클러스터 시스템에서는 각 노드에 네트워크 캐쉬를 유지함으로써 네트워크 접근 시 간을 줄이는 것이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 SCI 기반 PC 클러스터 시스템을 위해서 네트워크 캐쉬를 활용하는 CC-NUMA 카드를 제안한다. CC-NUMA 카드는 각 노드의 PCI 슬롯(slot)에 plug-in 되는 형태이며 공유메모리 네트워크 캐쉬 네트워크 제어 모듈을 포함한다. 네트워크 캐쉬는 클러스터 노드의 PCI 버스상에서 존재하는 공유메모리를 캐쉬하여 공유메모리와 네트워크 캐쉬 사이의 일관성은 IEEC SCI 표준 에 의해 유지된다. 본 연구에서는 SCI 기반 PC 클러스터 시스템의 성능을 측정하기 위하여 CC-NUMA 프로토타입 카드를 개발하였으며, 이를 기반으로 하여 클러스터 시스템을 구축하였다. 실험결과. CC- NUMA 카드를 장착한 클러스터 시스템이 네트워크 캐쉬를 활용하지 않는 NUMA 기반 클러스터 시스템 에 비해서 우수한 성능을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.216-229
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aims to investigate trends of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factor profiles over 17 years in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) patients at the Mayo Clinic. Methods: We performed a time-trend analysis within the Mayo Clinic PCI Registry from 1994 to 2010. Results were the incidence and prevalence of CVD risk factors as estimate by the Framingham risk score. Results: Between 1994 and 2010, 25 519 patients underwent a PCI. During the time assessed, the mean age at PCI became older, but the gender distribution did not change. A significant trend towards higher body mass index and more prevalent hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, and diabetes was found over time. The prevalence of current smokers remained unchanged. The prevalence of ever-smokers decreased among males, but increased among females. However, overall CVD risk according to the Framingham risk score (FRS) and 10-year CVD risk significantly decreased. The use of most of medications elevated from 1994 to 2010, except for ${\beta}$-blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors decreased after 2007 and 2006 in both baseline and discharge, respectively. Conclusions: Most of the major risk factors improved and the FRS and 10-year CVD risk declined in this population of PCI patients. However, obesity, history of hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, diabetes, and medication use increased substantially. Improvements to blood pressure and lipid profile management because of medication use may have influenced the positive trends.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2002

Physiological Cost Index (PCI) of walking has been widely used to predict oxygen consumption in healthy subjects or patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictability of physiological cost index of walking for the amount of exercise and cardiac function. Walking exercise was conducted in 67 healthy children (age 4-12) with a self-selected comfortable walking speed on the level surface. Walking speed was calculated, and heart rate was measured before and immediately after the walking. PCI was calculated for statistical analysis. The results were as follows; 1) The walking speed tends to increase and PCI of walking tends to decrease with age. There was significant difference in walking speed and PCI of walking among three age groups (p<.05). The change of walking heart rate tends to decrease with age, however, there was no significant difference among three age groups. 2) Linear regression equation between walking speed and age was 'Y (walking speed) = 2.124X (age) + 48.286' ($R^2$=.337), (p=.00). 3) The walking heart rate tends to decrease with age. Linear regression equation between walking heart rate and age was 'Y (walking heart rate) = 143.346 - 2.63X (age)' ($R^2$=.3425), (p=.00). 4) The walking heart rate decreased as body surface area (BSA) increased. Linear regression equation between walking heart rate and BSA was 'Y (walking heart rate) = 149.830 - 27.115X (BSA)' ($R^2$=.3066), (p=.00). In conclusion, these equations and PCI could be useful to quantify the variation of energy expenditure of children with pathological gait when compared with age-matched healthy children.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:시스템및이론
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.716-725
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• 2004

고성능 PC 클러스터 시스템을 구축하기 위해서는 네트워크 접근 시간을 최소화하는 것이 중요하다. SCI 기반 PC 클러스터 시스템에서는 각 노드에 네트워크 캐쉬를 유지함으로써 네트워크 접근 시간을 줄이는 것이 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 공유 메모리를 PCI 버스상에 위치시킴으로써 네트워크 캐쉬지원을 가능하게 하였으며, 이에 기반한 Network Cache Coherenet NUMA(NCC-NUMA) 시스템을 제안하고, 핵심 모듈인 NCC-NUMA 카드를 개발하였다. NCC-NUMA 카드는 각 노드의 PCI 슬롯(slot)에 plug-in되는 형태이며, 공유메모리, 네트워크 캐쉬, 공유메모리 제어 모듈 및 네트워크 제어 모듈을 포함한다. 공유메모리와 네트워크 캐쉬 사이의 일관성은 IEEE SCI 표준에 의해 유지된다. NCC-NUMA 시스템의 성능 측정을 위해 SPLASH-2 벤치마크를 수행하였으며, NCC-NUMA 시스템이 네트워크 캐쉬를 활용하지 않는 NUMA 기반 클러스터 시스템에 비해서 최대 56%의 성능향상을 보임을 알 수 있었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.17-27
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• 1993

To investigate the relationship between radiosensitivity and postirradiation recovery in human cancer cells, a study was performed using human cancer cell lines-A549, CaSki, SNU-C5 and PCI-13. For the study of radiosensitivity, single doses of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 Gy were given and for postirradiation recovery, two fractions of 4 Gy were separated with a time interval of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, or 6 hours. Surviving fraction was estimated using colony forming ability. Surviving fractions at 2 Gy (SF2) were 0.496 (0.570-0.412) for A549, 0.496 (0.660-0.332) for CaSki, 0.386 (0.576-0.216) for SNU-C5, and 0.185 (0.247-0.123) for PCI-13. By statistical analysis the SF2 of PCI-13 was lower significantly than those of others (p<0.05). This difference was also observed at 4, 6 and 8 Gy dose levels. At 6 and 8 Gy the surviving fractions of SNU-C5 were also lower significantly than A549 and CaSki (p<0.05). By the analysis with linear quadratic model, the values of ${\alpha}$ for A549, CaSki, SNU-C5 and PCI-13 were 0.3016, 0.3212, 0.4327 and 0.8423, respectively, and those of ${\beta}$ were 0.02429, 0.02009, 0.03349 and 0.00059, respectively. So, the value of ${\alpha}$ showed increasing tendency with decreasing SF2. By the multitarget single hit model the values of Do for A549, CaSki, SUN-C5 and PCI-13 were 1.97, 1.97, 1.46 and 0.81, respectively, and those of n were 1.53, 1.50, 1.56 and 2.28, respectively. So, the value of Do decreased with decreasing SF2. Post-irradiation recovery reached plateau at around 2 hours. Recovery ratio at plateau phase ranged from 1.2 to 4.2; the value were 1.2 for PCI-13, 3.2 for CaSki, 3.3 for SNU-C5, and 4.2 for A549. Recovery rate well correlated with SF2, and increased with increasing Do and decreasing ${\alpha}$. According to above results, the intrinsic radiosensitivity was quite different among the tested cell lines; PCI-13 was the most sensitive and A549 and CaSki was similar. This difference of radiosensitivity is thought to be partly due to the difference in amount of postirradiation recovery. By linear quadratic model the difference of ${\alpha}$ values was very high, and by multitarget single hit model the difference of Do value was significantly high among four cell lines.

• 한국통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통신학회 2004년도 추계종합학술대회 논문 초록집
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• pp.421-421
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• 2004

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1684-1688
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• 2003

In this paper, position and speed control algorithm of LSM (Linear Stepping Motor) using general-purpose PCI I/O board is discussed. The main purpose of this paper is to show that LSM controller can be established on the non real time operating system such as Microsoft Win2000 under the assumption that thread priority strategy is well designed. We can guarantee sampling interval less than 5msec based on the Pentium III microprocessor. Therefore this kind of LSM controller development environment makes shorten the prior research period needed to verify the validness of the proposed control strategy. We also introduce the tool of the real-time windows target system of matlab, which also makes shorten the prior research period. The main focus of this paper is on developing general purpose NT device driver which can drive the general purpose PCI board and applying it for implementing the hardware interface for 2- axis linear stepping motor control. From the experimental results show that the developed LSM controller guarantee 2 micrometer resolution in position control with 10cm/sec moving speed

• 대한화학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.181-186
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• 1969

The concentration of Strontium-90 in liquid whole milk produced in Korea were measured during past four years. The samples of milk were purchased from dairies in Seoul. Strontium-90 was analysed radiochemically and the amount of stable calcium was also determined. Radioactivity of Yttrium-90 was counted in low background beta counter which has the background of 1.38 cpm. The concentrations of Strontium-90 in the milk are 25.1 PCi $^{90}Sr$/g.Ca in 1965, 26.8 PCi $^{90}Sr$/g. Ca in 1966, 13.7 PCi 90Sr/g.Ca in 1967 and 18.2 PCi $^{90}Sr$/g.Ca in 1968 in annual average. The concentrations of Strontium-90 in the milk of 1967 and of 1968 were decreased approximately compared with the values of 60% 1965 and 1966. From the results we can see that Strontium-90 concentrations in the milk vary roughly proportionally with the specific activity of fallout. Considering on the safety problems, the Strontium-90 levels in the milk produced in Korea were far below the maximum permissible level recommended by ICRP.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 고고도 핵폭발에 기인한 HEMP의 영향으로부터 민간시설의 적합한 보호를 위한 HEMP 보호용 전원선 필터 구현 필요성을 다루기 위해, HEMP 관련 국방 규격 분석 및 바리스터, 관통형 커패시터, 가스방전관, 인덕터 등의 주요 소자들에 대한 분석을 수행하고, 이를 기반으로 단상 220VAC/16A 용량의 HEMP용 전원선 필터를 간이 제작하였다. 또한 배선용 차단기, 서지 보호기, EMI 필터 등과의 MIL-STD-188-125 PCI 규격 기반의 비교 실험을 수행하였다. 결과적으로 HEMP에 의한 전도성 노이즈로부터 시스템을 보호하기 위해서는 HEMP 보호 전용 필터의 개발이 필수조건임을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.207-220
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• 2009

A large number of phone calls and data services will take place in indoor environments. In Long Term Evolution (LTE), femtocell, as a home base station for indoor coverage extension and wideband data service, has recently gained significant interests from operators and consumers. Since femtocell is frequently turned on and off by a personal owner, not by a network operator, one of the key issues is that femtocell should be identified autonomously without system information to support handover from macrocell to femtocell. In this paper, we propose a dynamic reservation scheme of Physical Cell Identities (PCI) for 3GPP LTE femtocell systems. There are several reserving types, and each type reserves a different number of PCIs for femtocell. The transition among the types depends on the deployed number of femtocells, or the number of PCI confusion events. Accordingly, flexible use of PCIs can decrease PCI confusion. This reduces searching time for femtocell, and it is helpful for the quick handover from macrocell to femtocell. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme reduces average delay for identifying detected cells, and increases network capacity within equal delay constraints.