• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.799-809
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• 2011

Objectives: This study is aimed at identifying the influential factors on the pulmonary function of ordinary residents in the surrounding areas of Yeosu Industrial Complex. Methods: The PFT (Pulmonary Function Test) was conducted on the target residents numbering 989 people (male 361, female 628). The exposed group (813 people) resided within the radius of 5km from Yeosu Industrial Complex and the control group (176 people) resided in the radius of more than 15 km from May 2007 to November 2007. The survey also took into account other factors including personal characteristics, life habits, respiratory diseases and allergic symptoms, medical histories, and the living environments of the residents in order to further identify influential factors on pulmonary function. Result: When comparing the PFT values of the exposure groups to the control group of the same city, values of the exposure groups were meaningfully lower with an %$FEV_1$ of 107.05% and %FVC of 100.28%. Conversely, the control group reported an %$FEV_1$ and %FVC of 107.26% and 102.85% respectively, indicating that ambient air pollutants reduce lung function. The odds ratio of asthma diagnosis history increased when a subjects residence was close to a heavily trafficked road, traffic amount was huge, a bed was used, and the family had less than four members. However the results were not statistically meaningful. The odds ratios of abnormal pulmonary function were statistically higher among those with asthma(OR=4.29, CI=1.75-10.56), wheezing (OR=2.59, CI=1.24-5.41), and nasal congestion (OR=2.87, CI=1.36-6.08) (p<0.01). The factors affecting $FEV_1$ were symptoms including asthma, passive smoking and allergic eye disease ($R^2$=0.049, p<0.001). For the FVC symptoms including asthma ($R^2$=0.014, p<0.001) were measured. The analysis showed that FVC decreased with increases in $O_3$ and CO(p<0.01). Furthermore, $FEV_1$ decreased with increases in $O_3$(p<0.01). Conclusions: These results will provide preliminary data for establishing responsive measures to protect the health of residents in industrial complexes from air pollution, and to develop lasting environmental health policies.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.405-419
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• 1997

This research has been conducted to provide the spinal cord injured patients with comprehensive necessity of and backup data for their rehabilitation in the community and make the aware of importance of overall community support to patients. The data was collected through questionnaire made to 83 patients charged to general hospital in Jeonbuk Province between 1 and 31 March 1997 to analyse the patients ability on activities of daily living through the research on general characteristics and Modified Barthel Index(MBI). As a result the outcome of the research was as follows : 1. Sexual distribution represented that 57 male (68.7%) and 26 female(31.3%) and in the age distribution majority group was 36 thirties (43.4 %) most active in social activities. 2. Analysis on occupation of patients showed majority group was in technicians, 21 people representing 25.4 % and the major cause of injury was traffic accident, 45people representing 54.2%, fall down, 17 people representing 20.5% and industrial accident, 13 people representing 15.7%, respectively. 3. In the multiple choice questionnaire on complications, the rate of appealing pain was highest and spasticity, pressure sore, contracture, depression which restrict the patients from activities of daily living ability were also appeared. 4. The theoretical points in MBI Should lie between 1 and 115 and the average point be 58 but the average point of the MBI among 83 patients was 63. 5. The MBI point by the level of injured represented statistically critical difference(P<0.001) and the MBI points tested by Duncan's Multiple Area Testing in lumbar(80.1) and in thoracic (65.8) represented critically higher than the one in cervical(42.5). 6. In the distribution of the method of Urination after spine injury, the intermittent catheterization represented highest numbar of 34(41.1 %). Testing by Duncan's Multiple Area Testing, as we found the critical difference in the analysis on MBI points(P<0.001), the point in independent self voiding patients ($90.87{\pm}29.34$) was higher than the one in other self voiding patients(P<0.05). 7. In th category of social activities after spine injury, the number of people classified in others, 41 people representing 49.5% was highest and in the MBI points of the spinal cord injured people in religious activity, hobby activity, private club, occupation was critically higher than the people classified in miscellancous(P<0.01) who are the spinal cord injured people and mostly depend on their family's assistance at home in their daily activities.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.133-153
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the status of emergency care of pregnant women transported by paramedics, to analyze the knowledge of paramedics related to pregnant women and their self-confidence in emergency care, and to provide foundational data to improve the quality of emergency care for pregnant women. Methods: We received a total of 1,798 rescue logs from 119 paramedics, who had transported pregnant women, in I city from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. For survey analysis, we used the 164 questionnaires received from these paramedics from June 15 to August 14, 2019. Results: The analysis of the rescue logs revealed that 85.5% (1,537 individuals) either had disease symptoms or were pregnant, whereas only 14.5% (261 individuals) had traffic accidents or accident-related injuries. The mean knowledge of the paramedics related to pregnant women was 23.73 (±2.98) points, and the mean self-confidence in emergency care was 3.19 (±0.74) points. Knowledge of the paramedics about pregnant women and their self-confidence in emergency care of these women had a statistically significant positive correlation (r=.306, p=.000). Conclusion: Paramedics should be provided theoretical and practical training through various programs about the emergency care of pregnant women.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.189-197
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 청주시를 사례로 고령보행자의 교통사고와 이동편의시설과의 관계를 분석하는데 있다. 분석된 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 고령보행자의 사고는 가로구간에서, 그리고 횡단 중에 많이 발생하는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 고령보행자 사고건수와 이동편의시설과의 상관분석 결과, 포장상태, 보행유도블록 및 점자블록 역시 고령보행자의 안전에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 로지스틱 회귀분석에 의해 통계적으로 유의한 모형식이 개발(chi-square p=0.000, Nagelkerke $R^2$=0.198)되었다. 모형은 독립변수로서 포장상태, 자동차진입억제용 말뚝, 음향신호표시기 및 녹색신호 잔여시간 표시기를 포함하고 있으며, 자동차 진입억제용 말뚝을 제외한 모든 변수들은 고령보행자 안전에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2011

Objectives: This study aims to identify the influential factors on the pulmonary function of targeted general residents in the areas surrounding Gwangyang Steel Mill. Methods: An PFT (Pulmonary Function Test) was conducted from May 2007 to November 2007 on 974 target residents (438 male, 536 female), including an exposed group (674 people) who resided within a radius of 5 km from Gwangyang Steel Mill in Gwangyang-si, Jeollanam-do and a control group (300 people) who resided outside a radius of 15 km. A survey related to personal characteristics, life habits, respiratory diseases and allergic symptoms, medical histories and living environments of the residents was also conducted to identify influential factors on pulmonary function. Results: As %$FEV_1$ and %FVC of the exposed group are 99.17% and 96.98%, respectively, and those of the control group are 105.47% and 101.91%, respectively, with the PFT values of the exposed group being lower than those of the control group (p<0.001), it turns out that the pollution in the industrial complex is likely to trigger a reduction in the pulmonary function of local residents. The odds ratio analysis result for asthma diagnosis history indicates that the odds ratios tend to be higher among surveyed residents who are living near above-average traffic volumes and are using beds, where it is statistically meaningful that especially the odds ratios are higher if the residences are closer to roads (p<0.01, CI=1.12-4.52). The factors that affect the FEV1 are identified as smoking, passive smoking, asthma diagnosis history, nasal congestion symptoms and allergic eye disease ($R^2$=0.154, p<0.001). The factors that affect the FVC are identified as smoking, passive smoking, asthma diagnosis history and allergic coryza ($R^2$=0.158, p<0.001). In addition, the analysis result for the relevance of air pollution levels to pulmonary function ($FEV_1$, FVC) shows that FEV1 and FVC tend to decrease as the concentration of $O_3$ increases. Conclusions: We believe that this study may provide preliminary data for the development of preventive measures for health effects on the residents and environmental health control measures for environmental pollution in the industrial complex area.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.502-505
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• 2007

To estimate the soil quality of Miryang area, soil analysis were conducted according to the city and out of city of soil expenses at according to analysis components and heavy metal pollution of irradiation sampling sites. The through soil components the principal element about the 71% $SiO_2\;and\;Al_2O_3$, the pH of field area near the city center was lower than that of the other field area, which indicated that this acidification was probably attributed to the acid rain caused by the traffic exhaust gas such as $SO_x\;and\;NO_x$. Acidification was more severe in the field area than in the farming land. The concentration of five heavy metals such as Cu, Cd, Pb, As and Cr were found to be lower than the standard of soil pollution. An assessment using the SPI(Soil Pollution Index), which was developed to estimate an overall soil quality, was performed. Each SPS(Soil Pollution Score) were evaluated with the results of the data from this study. The soil quality of most area of Miryang land was determined to Class 1, which indicated that the soil was healthy.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the early adhesive characteristic of asphalt emulsions, including polymer-modified emulsions, for chip seals using the surface energy concept, the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test, and the Vialit test. METHODS : Two general methods, the BBS test and Vialit test, were applied to investigate the bond strength and the aggregate loss, respectively. A new theory, the surface free energy (SFE) theory, was used to evaluate the adhesive characteristic between the emulsion and the aggregate. Based on the theory, the contact angles were measured, and then the surface energy components were calculated. Using those components, the work of adhesion (Wa) was calculated for each emulsion. To ensure reliable results, all the tests were performed under the same conditions, i.e., at $25^{\circ}C$ for 240 minutes of curing time. For the materials, three emulsions (CRS-2, CRS-2L, and CRS-2P) and one aggregate type (granite) were employed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Under the same conditions, the modified emulsions showed better adhesive characteristics and curing behaviors than the unmodified emulsions. In addition, there was no significant difference between the various modified emulsions. One of the important findings is that the analysis by Wa presents more sensitive results than other methods. The results of the Wa showed that the CRS-2P emulsion has the best adhesive characteristics. Consequently, the use of modified emulsions for chip seals could prevent aggregate loss and allow open traffic earlier.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2012

With regard to the culture in cities this study aims to essential understanding and systematic approach to the culture. The "2011 Seoul Survey"report has been used to find out causality among the related variables. In the first place 'satisfaction of cultural condition' was operationally selected as a dependent variable for regression. For the purpose of controlling confounding factors for ceteris paribus effect correlation analysis was done between the dependent variable and all other variables respectively, which resulted in two groups of variables: group (1) - 6 variables of very significant correlations(p-value<0.01) and (2) - the other 6 variables of significant correlations(p-value<0.05). Then hierarchical regression was adopted to these 2 groups to analyse $R^2$ increment, statistical significance of independent variables, and multicollinearity(VIF; variance inflation factor). At last a regression model specified by group (1) as independent variables(they are 'social trust', 'satisfaction of walking condition', 'happiness index', 'preparation against old age', 'satisfaction of traffic condition' and 'hours for internet') shows that only 'social trust' variable has statistically significant and substantially strong effect on 'satisfaction of cultural condition.' This finding should be accepted on the following understanding; (1) urban culture has a collective attribute formed between people and society, (2) culture is somewhat telling and hearing stories and the confidence between tellers and hearers is essential in the mutual response and (3) stimulus is received by relationship in company with sense, emotion, thinking and action. In spite of restrictive external validity this finding can be used as a direction for promoting culture and a basis for related policy choice in cities.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.136-142
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• 2015

Background: The incidence and etiology of facial bone fracture differ widely according to time and geographic setting. Because of this, prevention and management of facial bone fracture requires ongoing research. This study examines the relationship between socioeconomic status and the incidence of facial bone fractures in patients who had been admitted for facial bone fractures. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for all patients admitted for facial bone fracture at the National Medical Center (Seoul, Korea) from 2010 to 2014. We sought correlations amongst age, gender, fracture type, injury mechanism, alcohol consumption, and type of medical insurance. Results: Out of the 303 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 214 (70.6%) patients were enrolled in National Health Insurance (NHI), 46 (15.2%) patients had Medical Aid, and 43 (14.2%) patients were homeless. The main causes of facial bone fractures were accidental trauma (51.4%), physical altercation (23.1%), and traffic accident (14.2%). On Pearson's chi-square test, alcohol consumption was correlated significantly with accidental trauma (p<0.05). And, the ratio of alcohol consumption leading to facial bone fractures differed significantly in the homeless group compared to the NHI group and the Medical Aid group (p<0.05). Conclusion: We found a significant inverse correlation between economic status and the incidence of facial bone fractures caused by alcohol consumption. Our findings indicate that more elaborate guidelines and prevention programs are needed for socioeconomically marginalized populations.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.270-275
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• 1999

배경: 저자들은 흉부 손상환자에서 심손상이 예상되는 경우 심전도, 혈중내 CK, CK-MB분획 변화를 선별하여 이상이 있는 경우 이면성 심초음파검사를 실시하여 이상유무로 심타박상 및 심좌상으로 분류하여 임상적 고찰을 해보기로 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 1997년 1월부터 1998년 3월까지 15개월간 심손상이 의심되어 본교실에 입원치료한 24명을 대상으로 병력, 내원당시 심전도 및 혈중내 CK, CK-MB 분획을 연속적 선별검사를 실시하여 이상이 있는 경우 심초음파검사를 하였다. 결과: 연령분포는 20∼40대가 58.3%로 가장 많았으며, 남여비는 3 : 1 이었다. 원인은 교통사고가 15례(62.5%)로 가장 많았다. 동반손상의 경우 다발성 늑골골절, 흉골골절 순이었다. 심전도 검사상 심타박상의 경우 정상이 가장 많았으며, 심좌상에서는 ST-T변화가 가장 많았다. CK-MB분획은 심좌상에서 높았으며, 내원 당일은 통계학적 유의성은 없었으나 내원 1, 2, 3일에는 통계학적 유의성이 있었다. 재원기간은 심타박상에서 평균 9.22일이었고, 심좌상에서 26.18일이었다(p=0.0075). 합병증은 급성폐부전이 7례로 가장 많았으며, 이중 5례에서는 인공호흡기 치료를 하였으며 사망한 경우는 없었다. 결론: 저자들은 흉부손상환자에서 심손상이 의심되는 경우 심전도, CK, CK-MB분획을 연속 선별검사하여 이상이 있는 경우 심초음파를 실시하여 심좌상의 유무를 진단하는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.