• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.51-61
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• 2009

최근 인터넷 상에서 봇넷을 이용한 사이버 공격이 증가하고 있으며, 이러한 공격들은 금전적 이득을 목적으로 하고 있어 범죄화 양상을 보이고 있다. 봇넷을 이용하는 사이버 공격으로는 스팸 발송, 분산서비스 거부(DDoS) 공격, 악성코드 및 맬웨어(malware) 전파, 피싱, 개인정보 유출 등이 있다. IRC나 HTTP 봇넷과 같은 중앙 봇넷은 그 탐지나 완화 방법의 연구가 다수 존재하지만, P2P 봇넷에 대한 연구는 아직 초기 단계이다. 본 논문에서는 다양한 네트워크 공격의 능동적 분석에 활용되는 허니넷을 이용하여 P2P 기반 Storm 봇 중의 하나안 Peacomm 봇이 발생시키는 트래픽을 분석하였다. 그 결과 Peacomm 봇이 P2P를 통해 광범위한 외부 네트워크의 좀비를 대상으로 다량의 UDP 패킷을 발생시키는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 이를 통해 Peacomm 붓이 봇넷의 규모를 유지하거나 확장한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 P2P 봇넷을 탐지하고 완화시킬 수 있는 대응기술 마련의 기초로써 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.204-212
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• 2011

최근 모바일 기기의 사용 급증에 따라 모바일 애드혹 네트워크(MANET, Mobile Ad-hoc Networks)에서 사용하는 모바일 P2P(Peer to Peer)에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며 그에 대한 연구도 활발히 이루어지고 있다. P2P 방식은 구조적인(Structured) P2P 방식과 비구조적인(Unstructured) P2P 방식으로 분류할 수 있다. 모바일 애드혹 네트워크에서 구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘은 정보의 인접성을 고려하지 않아 컨트롤 트래픽이 증가하는 문제가 있으며, 비구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘은 노드 수가 많아질 경우 확장성에 문제가 있다. 그래서 구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘과 비구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘의 장점을 취합한 하이브리드(Hybrid) 방식의 P2P 알고리즘이 제안 되었다. 본 논문에서는 하이브리드 P2P 방식 중 클러스터 기반(Cluster-based)의 P2P 알고리즘의 컨트롤 트래픽을 분석하고, 이에 관한 최적 클러스터 구성을 도출하였다. 이러한 최적 클러스터 구성 사용시, 비구조적인 방식의 P2P 알고리즘 중 대표적인 Gnutella 보다 더 좋은 성능을 나타냄을 보였다.

• 한국통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국통신학회 2004년도 추계종합학술대회 논문 초록집
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• pp.171-171
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• 2004

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.129-143
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• 2021

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the current status of school safety education and the differences in knowledge and practice of middle school students. Methods: A structured questionnaire was distributed to 418 middle school students in J province. The questionnaires consisted of 35 questions on the status of school safety education as well as the four school safety education domains of first aid, disaster safety, traffic safety, and daily life. Data were analyzed using frequency analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, a t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlations. Results: Awareness regarding the top seven standards for school safety and interest in school safety education were both relatively low. Among all the different kinds of safety accidents, those related to school violence(33.8%) and life safety(24.9%) were experienced the most in school. A more pleasant school life and better peer relationships led to interest in school safety(p=.000)(p=.000), awareness regarding the top seven standards for school safety(p=.022)(p=.009), adoption of coping measures(p=.000)(p=.000), and practice(p=.000)(p=.000) in case of safety accidents(p=.000)(p=.000). Conclusion: To increase awareness regarding the seven standards for school safety education and raise interest in safety education, it is necessary to cultivate experts and actively utilize them and to prepare systematic and continuous school safety education programs.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.101-116
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• 2004

Korea has the highest traffic accident occurrence rate in the world. It means that we are forced to face a tremendous amount of economic loses and great cost of life. Even though this phenomenon consistently has arose as a public issue every year and many researchers have emphasized the importance of safety education as the fundamental solution, we are still trying to make a long-lasting and effective traffic safety education programs for children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of web-based learning for traffic safety in Korea middle school. For this purpose, the instructive model was constructed based on the ASSURE model and a special web-site of education was developed on behalf of practical use of multi-media learning materials for the traffic safety. The research subject was represented by 259 students from second grade in 2 middle schools located in Seoul Korea. The traffic safety education program using web-site was preceded to the 136 students as a case group for 45 minutes total 3 times. Other 126 students are control group those who did not get with this program. The survey was conducted before and after the education. The results of this study were as follow: 1. The knowledge analysis from the comparison between before and after of the lesson showed case group and control group scored average at 11.25 points and 10.97 points. However, after they attended programs, case group scored 13.57 points and control group scored 10.85 points. The difference from the result of the case group was statistically significant(p<0.001). 2. The attitude analysis from the comparison between before and after of the lesson showed case group and control group scored averages at 29.59 points and 28.21 points. However, after they attended program, case group scored 37.23 points and control group scored 32.71 points. The difference from the result of the case group was statistically significant(p<0.05). 3. Regarding the domain analysis by means of web-based traffic safety education, only the case group had a statistically significant score in the case of knowledge 'safe utilization of bicycle' and 'The Characteristic of Automobile and Safer Mode of Walking for Pedestrian'(p<0.01, p< 0.001), and in the case of attitude 'safe walking and crossing' 'The Characteristic of Automobile and Safer Mode of Walking for Pedestrian'(p<0.01, p<0.001). 4. Web based instruction for traffic safety was effective in terms of improving students' knowledge and attitude for traffic safety.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권5B호
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• pp.344-355
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 차등서비스 망의 성능 평가 문제를 다룬다. 성공적인 성능 평가를 위하여 적절한 트래픽 모델에 의하여 네트워크상의 실제 트래픽을 정확히 나타낼 수 있는 능력이 필수 요소이다. 실제 트래픽 측정의 성질에 대한 많은 연구 결과는 웹과 텔넷, P2P 트래픽을 포함하여 인터넷 트래픽에 대한 장기간-의존성을 증명하였다. 장기간 의존성은 자기유사성에 의하여 효과적으로 표현될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 중첩된 On-Off 소스 모델, FFT-FGN 모델과 RMD 모델에 대한 특성 분석을 기반으로, 중첩된 On-Off 소스 모델을 이용하여 자기유사트래픽 발생기를 설계하고 구현한다. 생성된 트래픽의 자기유사성은 TCPdump 데이터의 패킷 도착 간격을 조사하여 확인하였다. 또한 구현된 트래픽 발생기를 차등서비스 망의 성능평가에 적용하여 On/Off 모델의 $\alpha$ 값에 대한 성능이 영향과, CBQ(Class-Based Queueing)에 의한 EF(Expedited Forwarding)/BE(Best Effort) 클래스 트래픽의 성능을 관찰한다.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1015-1024
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• 2011

최근 애드혹 네트워크에서의 모바일 P2P에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 비록 유선 네트워크에서 P2P 알고리즘에 대한 많은 연구가 있었지만, 기존 P2P 프로토콜들은 장치의 이동성을 고려하지 않아 모바일 애드혹 네트워크(MANET, Mobile Ad-hoc Network)에 적합하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 애드혹 네트워크에서 장치의 이동성을 고려하여 클러스터 기반의 새로운 P2P 프로토콜을 제안한다. 기존의 클러스터 기반의 P2P 알고리즘에서 각 클러스터는 슈퍼피어와 슈퍼피어에 자신이 갖고 있는 파일 목록을 등록한 피어들로 구성된다. 이동성이 높은 피어들은 클러스터 간에 자주 핸드오프가 발생하고, 이로 인하여 슈퍼피어에 파일 목록을 등록하기 위한 트래픽이 많이 발생한다. 제안하는 알고리즘에서 이동성이 낮은 피어들은 기존의 클러스터 기반 P2P의 피어들과 동일하게 동작하고, 이동성이 높은 피어들은 다르게 동작한다. 즉 이동성이 높은 피어들은 새로운 클러스터에 참여시, 자신의 존재를 슈퍼피어에게 알리지만 파일 목록을 등록하지는 않으며 파일을 찾고자 할 때 우선 슈퍼피어에 등록된 파일 목록을 검색하고 만약 찾지 못하였을 경우 검색 메시지를 클러스터 내에 전파(broadcast)한다. 본 논문에서 제안 알고리즘을 수학적으로 모델링하고 P2P 트래픽과 라우팅 트래픽에 대한 분석과 최적화를 수행하였고 수학적 모델링 결과에서 제안 알고리즘의 성능이 기존의 클러스터 기반 P2P 알고리즘과 Gnutella 알고리즘에 비해 비슷하거나 더 좋음을 보였다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.77-89
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was designed to find out the characteristic of patients who had admitted due to traffic accident and to promote the superiority of oriental medical treatment on the sequelae of traffic accident. Methods : We analyzed 332 traffic accident patients statistically according to medical charts, who had been hospitalized from January 1,20000 to October 30, 2004. Results and Conclusions : The analysis showed that there was no significant difference in sex(p<0.05), but the older group and the shorter group of interval time from onset to addmission had the better remedial result(p<0.05). The most common diagnosis that had the better remedial result was lumbar sprain, followed by multiple contusion, cervical sprain, herniated lumbar disc, herniated cervical disc(p<0.05), and the most effective oriental medical treatment was moxibusition, followed by blood cupping therapy, taping therapy, chuna therapy except acupuncture, herbal medication, oriental physical therapy(p<0.05). In using of TENS, ICT, U/S, complex therapy had better remedial result than single therapy(p<0.05). The longer period of treatment group had better remedial result generally(p<0.05).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.575-582
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• 2016

Seoul city has high population density as well as high traffic congestion, which are vulnerable to exposure of environmental pollutions caused by car traffic. However, recent studies are only on local regions about road traffic and air pollution or health effect of road traffic on residents. Thus, comprehensive study data are needed in terms of overall Seoul regions. In this study utilized the nitrogen dioxide concentration through the national air pollution monitoring network data, 2012 to 2013. It also divided regions into high and low exposure districts via the Origin destination data developed by the Korea transport institute to quantify and evaluate the effect of transport policies and analyzed a correlation of asthma symptoms with high and low exposure districts through raw data of community health survey from the Korea centers for disease control and prevention. Based on the collected data, the pearson's correlation analysis was conducted between air pollution substance concentration and high exposure district and multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the effect of traffic environment and factors on asthma symptoms of residents. Accordingly, the following results were derived. First, the high exposure district was higher concentrations of nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) as per time compared to those of the low exposure district (p<0.01). Second, analysis on correlation between average daily environmental concentration in the air pollution monitoring network and road traffic showed that nitrogen dioxide had a significant positive correlation (p<0.01) with car traffic and total traffic as well as with truck traffic (p<0.05) statistically. Third, an adjusted odds ratio about asthma doctor's diagnosis in the high and low exposure districts was analyzed through the logistic regression analysis. With regard to an adjusted model 2 (adjusted gender, age, health behavior characteristics, and demographic characteristics) odds ratio of asthma doctor's diagnosis in the high exposure district was 1.624 (95% CI: 1.269~2.077) compared to that of the low exposure district, which was significant statistically (p<0.001).

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.61-71
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• 1993

Pedestrian injury have been the most important cause of death in children 1 to 14 years of age. This study was attempted to analyze the status and factors of the pedestrian safety education for primary school children. The purpose of this study was to provide the baseline study on pedestrian safety education. The data were collected from 313 respondents of 5th grade elementary school children in Seoul during April 26 through May 6, 1993. The data were cross tabulated for percent distribution and analyzed by multiple regression using SAS for personal computer program package. Major findings are as follows: (1) 50% of the respondents had never received any safety education for Pedestrian. The primary provider of pedestrian safety education was parent. (2) Respondents' knowledge on traffic rules, traffic signals, natures of motor vehicle is high(above 88%). (3) Respondents are very negative to the attitude of playing on the street and transversing under d1e overpass(about 80%). (4) 58% of respondents had never played on the street and 49% of respondents had never run on the street. (5) Factors affecting the knowledge of traffic safety was respondents' sex and job of their mothers(p＜0.05). (6) Factors affecting the attitude of traffic safety was economic status(p＜0.01). (7) Factors affecting the practice of traffic safety was education of respondents' fathers. (8) The multiple regression analysis showed that sex was statistically significant in affecting traffic accident of pedestrians (p=0.05). In order to prevent children's traffic accidents, education for pedestrians' safety by both parents and teachers should be strengthened.