• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.91-98
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects on the growth of Sedum species by different soil in shallow green roof module system, and to find the best soil mixture. The experiment used a module system, 7cm soil depth, five types of soil mixture ratio, and it was carried out on 7th Hoar rooftop in December of 2010. The growth status of the plant showed the most superior of the P5C7P2V1, next P10C1P2V1 and P1P1V1, P1 and C1 showed very poor growth. This result showed that the soil mixture ratio (P5C7P2V1) in green roof module system with minimum management can contribute to the proliferation of rooftop greening in urban settings.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.465-479
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• 2012

For $0<p{\leq}{\infty}$ and a convex body $K$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$, Lutwak, Yang and Zhang defined the concept of dual $L_p$-centroid body ${\Gamma}_{-p}K$ and $L_p$-John ellipsoid $E_pK$. In this paper, we prove the following two results: (i) For any origin-symmetric convex body $K$, there exist an ellipsoid $E$ and a parallelotope $P$ such that for $1{\leq}p{\leq}2$ and $0<q{\leq}{\infty}$, $E_qE{\supseteq}{\Gamma}_{-p}K{\supseteq}(nc_{n-2,p})^{-\frac{1}{p}}E_qP$ and $V(E)=V(K)=V(P)$; For $2{\leq}p{\leq}{\infty}$ and $0<q{\leq}{\infty}$, $2^{-1}{\omega_n}^{\frac{1}{n}}E_qE{\subseteq}{\Gamma}_{-p}K{\subseteq}{2\omega_n}^{-\frac{1}{n}}(nc_{n-2,p})^{-\frac{1}{p}}E_qP$ and $V(E)=V(K)=V(P)$. (ii) For any convex body $K$ whose John point is at the origin, there exists a simplex $T$ such that for $1{\leq}p{\leq}{\infty}$ and $0<q{\leq}{\infty}$, ${\alpha}n(nc_{n-2,p})^{-\frac{1}{p}}E_qT{\supseteq}{\Gamma}_{-p}K{\supseteq}(nc_{n-2,p})^{-\frac{1}{p}}E_qT$ and $V(K)=V(T)$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.2385-2390
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• 2015

Background: Invasive ductal (IDC) and lobular (ILC) carcinomas are the common histological types of breast carcinoma which are difficult to distinguish when poorly differentiated. Discoidin domain receptor (DDR1) and Drosophila dishevelled protein (DVL1) were recently suggested to differentiate IDC from ILC. Objectives: To assess the expression of DDR1 and DVL1 and their association with histological type, grading and hormonal status of IDC and ILC. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on IDC and ILC breast tumours. Tumours were immunohistochemically stained for (DDR1) and (DVL1) as well as estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and C-erbB2 receptor. Demographic data including age and ethnicity were obtained from patient records. Results: A total of 51 cases (30 IDCs and 21 ILCs) were assessed. DDR1 and DVL1 expression was not significantly associated with histological type (p=0.57 and p=0.66 respectively). There was no association between DDR1 and DVL1 expression and tumour grade (p=0.32 and p=1.00 respectively), ER (p=0.62 and 0.50 respectively), PR (p=0.38 and p=0.63 respectively) and C-erbB2 expression (p=0.19 and p=0.33 respectively) in IDC. There was no association between DDR1 and DVL1 expression and tumour grade (p=0.52 and p=0.33 respectively), ER (p=0.06 and p=0.76 respectively), PR (p=0.61 and p=0.43 respectively) and C-erbB2 expression (p=0.58 and p=0.76 respectively) in ILC. Conclusions: This study revealed that DDR1 and DVL1 are present in both IDC and ILC regardless of the tumour differentiation. More studies are needed to assess the potential of these two proteins in distinguishing IDC from ILC in breast tumours.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 1999

Pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the phosphorus (P) availability with cropping in soils where P were highly accumulated. Bray 1-P contents of the used three soils were 584, 695 and $1043P\;mg\;kg^{-1}$, respectively. Corn ${\rightarrow}$ Chinese cabbage ${\rightarrow}$ Chinese cabbage ${\rightarrow}$ corn were sequentially grown from 1996 to 1998. P fertilizer was applied at three levels of 0 (P0), recommended application rate (P1), and double of recommended application rate (P2). At the end of each crop growth, available P content was determined by methods of Bray 1-P, Olsen-P and Lancaster-P. The growth of crops were not significantly affected by the rates of P applications. The relative yields of PO treatment were more than 88% of P1 treatment. The recoveries of added phosphorus were relatively low due to the high content of available phosphorus in soils. Although available phosphorus contents decreased through cropping, the concentration of soil available phosphorus was maintained high level even after the final cropping. In the case of P0 treatment in the three soils, the residual concentration was in the range of $410{\sim}610mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Bray 1-P, $284{\sim}410mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Olsen-P and $368{\sim}524mg\;kg^{-1}$ for Lancaster-P. The amount of soil available phosphorus decreased during the experiments was linearly regressed with high significance to the amount of P taken up by crops. The regressions of soil 1 as follow, Bray 1-P : y=149.7x=102.7, Lancaster-P : y=209.2x-140.2, Olsen-P: y=60.8x=19.9. The decrease rate of available phosphorus in the P0 treatment with cropping was described by an equation of first-order chemical reaction. The equation of soil1 was as follow: Bray 1-P: In(C)= -0.12N + 6.96 r=-0.991, Lancaster-P: In(C)= -0.14N = 6.88 r= -0.938, Olsen-P: In(C)= -0.07N = 6.37 r= -0.959. The rate constants seemed to be affected by ply, sand and silt content, and exchangeable $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. The times of cropping needed to reduce the content of available P to half of the initial or to the index level could be predicted by using that equation.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.963-967
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• 2014

Previous studies have suggested anti-tumor effects of asiatic acid in some human cancer cell lines. This agent is reported to increase the levels of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ in human breast cancer cell lines. However, the molecular mechanisms have not been established. Here we report that asiatic acid up-regulates $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ protein expression but not the level of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ mRNA in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Furthermore, we found that the asiatic acid induced increase of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ protein was associated with decreased phosphorylation (ser-146) of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$. Knockdown of NDR1/2 kinase, which directly phosphorylates $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ protein at ser-146 and enhances its proteasomal degradation, increased the levels of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ protein and eliminated the regulation of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ stability by asiatic acid. At the same time, the expression of NDR1/2 kinase decreased during treatment with asiatic acid in HepG2 cells. Moreover, asiatic acid inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells, this being attenuated by knockdown of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$. In conclusion, we propose that asiatic acid inhibits the expression NDR1/2 kinase and promotes the stability of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ protein through attenuating NDR1/2 dependent phosphorylation of $p21^{WAF1/CIP1}$ in HepG2 cells.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.22 no.1_2
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• pp.361-372
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• 2006

In this paper, we consider the multi-point boundary value problems for one-dimensional p-Laplacian at resonance: $({\phi}_p(x'(t)))'=f(t,x(t),x'(t))$, subject to the boundary value conditions: ${\phi}_p(x'(0))={\sum}^{n-2}_{i=1}{\alpha}_i{\phi}_p(x'({\epsilon}i)),\;{\phi}_p(x'(1))={\sum}^{m-2}_{i=1}{\beta}_j{\phi}_p(x'({\eta}_j))$ where ${\phi}_p(s)=/s/^{p-2}s,p>1,\;{\alpha}_i(1,{\le}i{\le}n-2){\in}R,{\beta}_j(1{\le}j{\le}m-2){\in}R,0<{\epsilon}_1<{\epsilon}_2<...<{\epsilon}_{n-2}1,\;0<{\eta}1<{\eta}2<...<{\eta}_{m-2}<1$, By applying the extension of Mawhin's continuation theorem, we prove the existence of at least one solution. Our result is new.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2016

Human cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s, CYPs) are major oxidative catalysts that metabolize various xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. Many carcinogens induce cancer only after metabolic activation and P450 enzymes play an important role in this phenomenon. P450 1B1 mediates bioactivation of many procarcinogenic chemicals and carcinogenic estrogen. It catalyzes the oxidation reaction of polycyclic aromatic carbons, heterocyclic and aromatic amines, and the 4-hydroxylation reaction of $17{\beta}$-estradiol. Enhanced expression of P450 1B1 promotes cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. There are at least 25 polymorphic variants of P450 1B1 and some of these have been reported to be associated with eye diseases. In addition, P450 1B1 polymorphisms can greatly affect the metabolic activation of many procarcinogenic compounds. It is necessary to understand the relationship between metabolic activation of such substances and P450 1B1 polymorphisms in order to develop rational strategies for the prevention of its toxic effect on human health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.384-388
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• 1995

High content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in fish oil makes it very susceptible to oxidation, which prevent fish oil from successful application to food processing or functional foods. To resolve this problem, oxidation stability model of fish oil was developed using the following differential equation : $dp/dt=k{\cdot}p(t){\cdot}[P_{max}\;-\;p(t)]$. This differential equation can be intergrated using analytical techniques to give : $p(t)=P_{max}/[1\;+\;[(P_{max}/P_{(0)})\;-\;-1]{\cdot}EXP(-K_p{\cdot}t)]$. At 50, 60, 70 and $80^{\circ}C,\;K_p$ were 0.00535, 0.01345, 0.02516 and 0.04675, respectively. The proposed model was well agreed with the measured data except for some minor deviations. In addition, $K_p$ was expressed as a function of temperature : $K_p=(1/P_{max})EXP\;[1\;-\;(8148/T)+20.1]$. Where T is absolute temperature($^{o}K$).

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 1995

Binary vectors, pBI-ActR1, pBI-ActF1 and pBSH-ActR1, were constructed using pGA642, the replication origin of pTi12 and the rice actin promoter. The sizes of pBI-ActR1, pBI-ActF1 and pBSH-ActR1 were 12.9 kb, 13.2 kb and 11.95 kb, respectively. These vectors containing a rice actin promoter followed by a GUS structural gene could induce stronly the expression of GUS gene in transformed rice cells. Rice explants from 3-4 day old seedlings after germinatin were cocultured with A. tumefaceins harboring pBI-ActR1, pBI-ActF1 or pBSH-ActR1, and then GUS expression in the explants was assayed. Transformation of rice explants by these binary vectors was tissue-specific, such that the meristematic regions of shoot apex, root and hypocotyl were transformed by these binary vectors.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-23
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• 1989

Let $S_p*({\alpha},{\beta},{\mu})$ denote the class of functions $f(z)=z^p-{\sum}{\limit}^{\infty}_{n=1}a_{p+n}\;z^{p+n}(a_{p+n}{\geq}o,\;p{\in}N)$ analytic and p-valent in the unit disc $U=\{z:{\mid}z{\mid}<1\}$ and satisfy the condition $${\mid}\frac{\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}-p}{\mu\frac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}+p-(1+\mu)\alpha}\mid<\beta,\;z{\in}U$$, where $o{\leq}{\alpha} and $o\leq\mu\leq1$. Further f(z) is said to belong to the class $C_p*({\alpha},{\beta},{\mu})\;if\;zf'(z)/p{\in}S_p*(\alpha,\beta,\mu)$. In this paper we obtain for these classes sharp results concerning coefficient estimates, disortion theorems, closure theorems, Hadamard products and some distortion theorems for the fractional calculus.