• Title/Summary/Keyword: P. grandiflorum

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Apoptotic Cell Death of Human Lung Carcinoma A549 Cells by an Aqueous Extract from the Roots of Platycodon grandiflorum (길경 수용액 추출물에 의한 인체 폐암세포의 apoptosis 유발에 관한 연구)

  • 이성열;이재훈;김원일;배송자;박동일;최영현
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.154-162
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    • 2003
  • Platycodi Radix, the root of Platycodon grandiflorum, commonly known as Doraji, is used as a traditional oriental medicine. Extracts from the roots of P grandiflorum have been reported to have wide ranging health benefits. In the present study, we investigated the effects of an aqueous extract from the roots of P. grandiflorum (AEPG) on the growth of human lung carcinoma A549 cells. Upon treatment with AEPG, a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell growth was observed and cells developed many of the hallmark features of apoptosis, including condensation of chromatin. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed that AEPG increased populations of apoptotic-sub Gl phase. Immunoblot and quantitative RT-PCR analyses indicated that the expressions of Bcl-2 was down-regulated but Bax was up-regulated in AEPG-treated A549 cells. The expression of active form of caspase-3 by AEPG treatment was markedly increased, and the levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and $\beta$-catenin, its target proteins, were decreased in a concentration dependent manner. Taken together, these findings suggest that P. grandiflorum has strong potential for development as an agent for prevention against human lung cancer.

Occurrence of Root-knot Nematode on Dendranthema x grandiflorum and Influences on Plant Growth (국화의 뿌리혹선충 피해 발생 및 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Dong-Geun;Kim, Hyun-Seok;Kim, Seung-Han;Lee, Jung-Hwan;Yoon, Jae-Tag
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.25-29
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    • 2004
  • Over 98% of Dendranthema x grandiflorum plants growing under a glasshouse in Gumi, Korea were infested with Meloidogyne hapla. Dendranthema x grandiflorum cv, 'Ardilo' had fewer eggmass (3.3/g root), followed by cv. 'Euro' (6.5), and cv. 'Monarisa' had the most eggmasses(17). The coefficient correlation between plant growth and nematode reproduction(number of eggmass per plant) indicated that nematode reduced chlorophyll content in leaf (r = -0.418, p = 0.059; r = -0.463, p = 0.040). Number of flowers, number of leaves and stem height to flower were positively correlated with flower weight(p < 0.05).

Optimization for Roast Flavour Formation of Platycodon grandiflorum Tea (도라지차의 구수한 향미 발현 최적화)

  • 이기동;주길재;권중호
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.29 no.5
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    • pp.752-757
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    • 2000
  • Response surface methodology was used to optimized soaking and roasting conditions and monitor organoleptic properties of roasted Platycodon grandiflorum tea. In soaking and roasting processes based on the central composite design with variations in threonine/sucrose concentration for soaking of Platycodon grandiflorum, roasting temperature and roasting time, coefficients of determination ($R^2$) of the models were above 0.86(p<0.05) in organoleptic properties. The maximum conditions predicted for each corresponding organoleptic properties of roasted Platycodon grandiflorum tea were 1.64% threonine concentration, 137.83$^{\circ}C$ and 27.76 min in aroma, 1.46% threonine concentration, 136.1$0^{\circ}C$ and 25.19 min in taste, and 1.39% threonine concentration, 136.44$^{\circ}C$ and 29.05 min in overall flavour. The optimum condition ranges for organoleptic properties of roasted Platycodon grandiflorum tea were soaking in 1.40~1.64% threonine concentration, and roasting at 136.10~137.9$0^{\circ}C$ for 25.19~29.00 min.

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Soil Physico-Chemistry and Saponins Content of Platycodon grandiflorum Radix Cultured from Different Sites in Gyeongnam Province (경남지방에서 도라지 재배지역별 토양이화학적 특성과 사포닌 함량)

  • Lee, Byung Jin;Jeon, Seung Ho;Lee, Shin Woo;Chun, Hyun Sik;Cho, Young Son
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.22 no.6
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    • pp.463-468
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    • 2014
  • This study was carried out in order to survey the soil physico-chemical, morphology and content of saponins of 5 year-old Platycodon grandiflorum radix from different areas in Gyeongnam. Soil physical properties was showed 1.01-1.29 of bulk density of soil and soil hardness was increased with increasing soil depth, especially below the 30 cm, however it was maintained or small increased below the 40 cm. T-N and OM contents of top soil were highest at Geochang as 0.27% and 56.9 g/kg, respectively, compared to other areas. The root length was longer at Kimhea and Geochang as 33.8 and 33.7 cm, respectively, and fresh weight was heavy at Geochang as 208.5 g. The contents of saponin of P. grandiflorum radix was higher in fine root compare to main root. By region, content of saponins of P. grandiflorum radix were higher at Hapcheon than other area. Mg content was highly negatively correlated at p < 0.01 with platycodin D3, deapioplatycodin D, platycodin D, and deapioplatycodin D ($-0.499^{**}$, $-0.433^{**}$, $-0.421^{**}$, $-0.511^{**}$ respectively). These results suggest that no-fertilized Mg effected on the improvement of saponin contents in P. grandiflorum.

Effect of N, P and K Fertilizers Application on Growth, Yield and Mineral Nutrient Content in Platycodon grandiflorum for. duplux

  • Soo-Jeong Kwon;Young-Ho Choi;Hee-Ock Boo;Sun-Hee Woo;Hag-Hyun Kim
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.162-162
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    • 2022
  • This study was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (three main macro elements of fertilizer) on growth, yield and mineral contents of Platycodon grandiflorum for. duplux and to obtain the basic data of the proper fertilizer application for increasing the yield of P. grandiflorum for. duplux. Plant height showed significantly good results in all fertilization treatments compared to non fertilizer group (the control, T0), and in particular, the highest was 85.7 cm in the complete group (T4). Chlorophyll content showed a high amount in the range of 20.7 to 23.8 against all fertilization treatment groups, except for non fertilizer (T0) and non nitrogen (T1). The fresh weight of roots were higher quantity than other fertilization treatments in the complete group 55.8 g (T4). The mineral nutrient content ofNa, Mg, Cu and Al of the roots of P. grandiflorum for. duplux from T1 group showed the lowest amount compared to other groups. In addition, P from T2 group, Mn from T3 group and Ca, Fe, Zn from T4 group also exhibited the lowest mineral content compared to other groups respectively.

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Genetic Diversity and DNA Polymorphism in Platycodon grandiflorum DC. Collected from East-Asian Area

  • Park, Chun-Geun;Yan, Zhi-Yi;Lee, Sang-Chul;Shon, Tae-Kwon;Park, Hee-Woon;Jin, Dong-Chun
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.115-120
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    • 2005
  • Broadening the genetic base of Platycodon grandiflorum DC. cultivar to sustain improvement requires assessment of genetic diversity available in P. grandiflorum DC.. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic variation, genetic relationship among 48 samples collected from East-Asian Area by means of RAPD-PCR (random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction) markers. From the 18 primers tested, produced total 211 bands with an average of 11.7 bands per primer and obtained 103 polymorphic band with an average of 5.7 bands per primer,s revealed relatively high percentage of polymorphic bands (48.8%). The genetic similarities calculated from RAPD data varied from 0.688 to 0.994 and were clustered to six major groups on a criterion of 0.78 similarity coefficient. The present study has revealed the significant genetic similarity among the samples tested. The analysis of genetic relationships in P. grandiflorum using RAPD-PCR banding data can be useful for the breed improvement.

Evaluation of Antibacterial, Antioxidant Fractionalities and Hair Loss Prevention Effect of Platycodon grandiflorum (도라지 추출성분의 항균·항산화 및 탈모예방 효과)

  • Jung, Min-Hwa
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.32 no.5
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    • pp.553-559
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    • 2019
  • To investigate the effects of antioxidant activities and hair loss prevention of extracts from Platycodon grandiflorum, we've prepared chloroform (CF) and ethylacetate fractions (EA) extracted from P. grandiflorum. In the results of DPPH radical scavenging assay, the two fractions showed dose-dependent antioxidant activities. Furthermore, in the ABTS assay, the two fractions exhibited the inhibitory effect over 90% at 10, 50, 100, 200 mg/mL. To investigate the inflammation inhibitory effect, we used RAW264.7 cells, these extracts were inhibited inflammatory reaction by suppressing the production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) in dose-dependent manner. In the assay of HaCaT cells' proliferation, the 24 hr treatment of the extracts significantly accelerarted cell proliferation in the range of concentrations used. The two fractions inhibited the proliferation of Malssezia furfur, the bacteria induce the dandruff. Finally, the CF could significantly inhibit the DHT production at 1, 10, 50, $100{\mu}g/mL$, but EA showed the inhibitory effect at the concentration over $50{\mu}g/mL$. The overall results of this study suggest that the chloroform (CF) and ethylacetate fractions (EA) from P. grandiflorum could be a useful raw material for the hair loss prevention products.

Effect of the Feeding Platycodon grandiflorum on Lipid Components of Liver and Liver Function in Hypercholesterolemia Rats (도라지의 급이가 고콜레스테롤혈증 흰쥐의 간기능 및 간조직의 지질조성에 미치는 영향)

  • 김희숙;김군자;김한수
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.312-318
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    • 1998
  • The object of this study was to investigate the effects of the feeding mixed with powders and extracts of Platycodon grandiflorum (4 or 22 years) on the lipid metabolism of liver in rats. After cholesterol-feorats of Sprague-Dawley strain were fed 5% level of frozen powder, fiber, saponin and ethanol extract for 3 weeks, the activity of enzymes related to liver function, liver tissue and lipid components of liver were examined. The activity of enzymes was significantly lower in the P. grandiflorum powder diet group than in control. The concentration of total cholesterol in liver was rather lower in powder and fiber diet group of each P. grandiflorum than in the other experimental groups, and triglyceride concentration was rather lower in all experimental groups than in the control group, while phospholipid was not significant. On observing through electromicroscope of liver tissue, there was showed to increase fat droplet in control group, but decrease fat droplet in all experimental groups, and glycogen was found to accumulate in rats fed twenty-two years P. grandiflorum.

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Antioxidant Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of the Guzeunggupo-procossed Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle Roots in Caenorhabditis elegans (구증구포 도라지 Ethyl Acetate 분획물의 예쁜 꼬마선충 내의 항산화 효과)

  • Kwon, Kang Mu;Kim, Jun Hyeong;Yang, Jae Heon;Ki, Byeolhui;Hwang, In Hyun;Kim, Dae Keun
    • Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.325-331
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    • 2020
  • Through Caenorhabditis elegans model system, the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of the guzeunggupo-processed Platycodon grandiflorum A. De Candolle (Campanulaceae) roots was calculated. Between the methanol extracts of guzeunggupo-processed and non-processed P. grandiflorum roots, the processed P. grandiflorum root showed higher DPPH radical scavenging effect than the non-processed one. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract of the guzeunggupo-processed P. grandiflorum showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample was measured for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species level. In addition, to confirm the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain (CF1553). Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample, increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ethyl acetate fraction of the processed sample-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control worm.

Effect of Saponin Fraction from Platycodon grandiflorum on Clinical Chemical Changes in TCDD (2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin)-induced Rat Toxicity

  • Kwak, Yi-Seong;Moon, You-Jin;Kyung, Jong-Soo;Kim, Tae-Hwan;Rhee, Man Hee
    • Biomedical Science Letters
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.66-74
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    • 2020
  • This study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of crude saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum on Clinical chemical parameters in male rats acutely exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-ρ-dioxin (TCDD). Crude saponin was prepared from Korean Platycodon grandiflorum with Diaion HP-20 adsorption chromatography after extraction of 80% ethanol at 75℃. The crude saponin was confirmed by thin layer chrmatography. When compared with ginseng saponins, the crude saponin had both a few number of saponins and a broad distribution. Forty male rats (200±20 g) were divided into 4 groups. Normal control (NC) group received vehicle and saline; TCDD-treated (TT) group received TCDD (40 ㎍/kg, single dose) intraperitoneally; Platycodon grandiflorum saponin (PG5 and PG10) groups received crude saponin 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg (p.o), respectively, for 2 weeks before 1 week of TCDD-exposure. Increase of body weight was retarded greatly by TCDD-exposure. Body weight of animals in TT group was significantly decrease after 2 days of TCDD-exposure. However, body weights of animals in PG groups increased through the experimental perimental period, although the increasing rate was slower than that of NC group. Increases in contents of blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) and activities of amylase, lipase, AST, ALT and LDH by toxic action of TCDD were significantly attenuated by crude saponin from Platycodon grandiflorum (P<0.05). In conclusion, these results suggest that crude saponin prepared from Korean Platycodon grandiflorum might be a member of useful protective agents against TCDD, which is one of the environmental hormones.