• Title/Summary/Keyword: P-closed

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ON SOME NEW MAXIMAL AND MINIMAL SETS VIA θ-OPEN SETS

  • Caldas, Miguel;Jafari, Saeid;Moshokoa, Seithuti P.
    • Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.623-628
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    • 2010
  • Nakaoka and Oda ([1] and [2]) introduced the notion of maximal open sets and minimal closed sets in topological spaces. In this paper, we introduce new classes of sets called maximal $\theta$-open sets, minimal $\theta$-closed sets, $\theta$-semi maximal open and $\theta$-semi minimal closed and investigate some of their fundamental properties.

ON THE CLOSED RANGE COMPOSITION AND WEIGHTED COMPOSITION OPERATORS

  • Keshavarzi, Hamzeh;Khani-Robati, Bahram
    • Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.217-227
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    • 2020
  • Let ψ be an analytic function on 𝔻, the unit disc in the complex plane, and φ be an analytic self-map of 𝔻. Let 𝓑 be a Banach space of functions analytic on 𝔻. The weighted composition operator Wφ,ψ on 𝓑 is defined as Wφ,ψf = ψf ◦ φ, and the composition operator Cφ defined by Cφf = f ◦ φ for f ∈ 𝓑. Consider α > -1 and 1 ≤ p < ∞. In this paper, we prove that if φ ∈ H(𝔻), then Cφ has closed range on any weighted Dirichlet space 𝒟α if and only if φ(𝔻) satisfies the reverse Carleson condition. Also, we investigate the closed rangeness of weighted composition operators on the weighted Bergman space Apα.

Remarks on M-ideals of compact operators

  • Cho, Chong-Man
    • Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.445-453
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    • 1996
  • A closed subspace J of a Banach space X is called an M-ideal in X if the annihilator $J^\perp$ of J is an L-summand of $X^*$. That is, there exists a closed subspace J' of $X^*$ such that $X^* = J^\perp \oplus J'$ and $\left\$\mid$ p + q \right\$\mid$ = \left\$\mid$ p \right\$\mid$ + \left\$\mid$ q \right\$\mid$$ wherever $p \in J^\perp and q \in J'$.

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The Change of Postural Sway of Diabetic Neuropathy by Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (평류전정자극에 의한 당뇨성 신경증 환자의 자세동요 변화)

  • Hwang, Tae-Yeun;Kim, Young-Nam;Kim, Tae-Youl;Park, Jang-Sung;Yoon, Se-Won
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.71-84
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    • 2005
  • This study had performed with purposes to analyze the influence of the change of vestibular sens, visual and proprioceptive sense to the postural sway, so as to supply the necessary clinical materials through developing the physical therapeutic interventions and assessment format for the diabetic neuropathy patients. The sample consisted of fifteen diabetic neuropathy patients with sensory disorder in their lower limbs and fifteen age-matched normal control group. Then the effect of the GVS and the visual cue open and closed to the postural sway were measured by CoP. The summary of the comparison results were obtained below. In the comparison of diabetes neuropathy patients group and age matched normal control group, however diabetes neuropathy patients group had a decrease in superficial tactile sense(p<.001) and nerve conduction velocity(p<.001), they were able to control the posture and walk. So it is, diabetes neuropaty patients had more disturbance compared with AMC group on at a hard surface, particularly in the visual cue open(p<.001) and visual cue closed(p<.01). Moreover, since diabetes neuropathy patients group had more differences in visual cue open and closed(p<. 01), GVS(p<.01), it meant that they're affected largely by vestibular sense, visual sense. In addition, since there're the largest change in doubled sense disturbance such as visual cue open and closed under GVS, it meant that compensation of other senses were quite important for the diabetes neuropathy patients' postural control. In the conclusion, diabetes neuropathy patients who decrease or lose the somatosensory system, sensory training of visual and vestibular system are likely to be quite essential to control the posture and balance.

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A NOTE ON APPROXIMATION PROPERTIES OF BANACH SPACES

  • Cho, Chong-Man
    • Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.293-298
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    • 1994
  • It is well known that the approximation property and the compact approximation property are not hereditary properties; that is, a closed subspace M of a Banach space X with the (compact) approximation property need not have the (compact) approximation property. In 1973, A. Davie [2] proved that for each 2 < p < $\infty$, there is a closed subspace $Y_{p}$ of $\ell_{p}$ which does not have the approximation property. In fact, the space Davie constructed even fails to have a weaker property, the compact approximation property. In 1991, A. Lima [12] proved that if X is a Banach space with the approximation property and a closed subspace M of X is locally $\lambda$-complemented in X for some $1\leq\lambda < $\infty$, then M has the approximation property.(omitted)

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Design and Implementation of a Peer-to-Peer Data Sharing Scheme for Closed User Group with Security and Flexibility (보안성과 유연성을 갖춘 Peer-to-Peer 데이터 공유 기법의 설계 및 구현)

  • Lee Goo-Yeon;Lee Yong;Kim Hwa-Jong;Jeong Choong-Kyo;Lee Dong-Eun
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2005
  • We propose and implement a flexible secure peer-to-peer(P2P) file sharing scheme which can be used for data sharing among closed user group (CUG) members. When a member wants to share data, notification messages are sent to the members with whom the member wants to share data. Each notification message includes one-time password encrypted with the receiver's public key. A member who received the notification message can download the data by using the one-time password. The proposed scheme provides selective sharing, download confirmation and efficient storage management. In terms of security, the proposed scheme supports authentication, entity privacy, replay attack protection and disguise prevention. We also implement the proposed system and find that the system is very useful among P2P service of closed user groups.

The Influence of Foot Angle on Standing Balance Upon the Unstable Platform (불안정한 바닥위에서 발목각도가 기립균형에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Han-Suk;Kwon, Hyuk-Cheol
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.4 no.3
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    • pp.34-44
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study was to compare the balance ability at different foot angle with KAT 2000 (Breg, Inc., Vista, CA. 1994). Forty-nine (male 24, female 25) normal subjects participated in this study. All subjects were assessed under two conditions. One was eye-opened condition and the other one was eye-closed one in 3 psi surface condition. All subjects were tested at different foot angle that were toe-in $25^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, toe-out $25^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. The subject attempted to keep the platform as stable as possible with eyes closed and with eyes opened for every 20 seconds. The starting position was that subject crossed their arms across chest and flexed knees slightly. The results of each test were showed by a score on screen, which meant balance index. The se collected data were analyzed by using oneway ANOVA, Scheffe test, and t-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1. When the foot angle were changed, balance index was the lowest in toes-out $25^{\circ}$ condition and greatest with toes-in $45^{\circ}$ with eyes opened and with eyes closed. There were statistically significant difference with eyes opened and with eyes closed (p<0.05). 2. There was statistically significant difference in balance index according to visual condition and the balance index tested with eyes closed was higher than with eyes closed(p<0.05). 3. There was statistically significant difference in balance index by gender(p<0.05).

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Effects of Closed and Open Kinetic Chain Exercises on Knee Extensor Strength and Balance in Patients with Early Stroke (닫힌사슬운동과 열린사슬운동이 초기 뇌졸중환자의 무릎신전근 근력과 균형에 미치는 영향)

  • Kwon, O-Kook;Shin, Won-Seob
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.9 no.2
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    • pp.223-231
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    • 2014
  • PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of closed and open kinetic exercises on knee extensor strength and balance in patients with early stroke. METHODS: Thirty patients with early stroke participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to three groups: an open kinetic chain (OKC) exercise group (n=10), a closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise group (n=10), and a control group (n=10). All participants received conventional physical therapy for 30 minutes. In addition, the two experimental groups (OKC and CKC) participated in a 30-minute knee strengthening training program. Training for the experimental groups was carried out three times a week for four weeks. Outcomes such as knee extensor strength and balance ability (Tetrax, Functional Reaching Test, Timed Up and Go Test) were measured before and after training. RESULTS: There were significant differences in knee extensor strength and balance ability between the pre- and post-treatment of all groups (p<.05). The improvement of knee extensor strength was significantly higher in the OKC group than in the other groups (p<.05), and the improvement of dynamic balance was significantly higher in the CKC group than in the other groups (p<.05). CONCLUSION: These results showed that both open and closed kinetic chain exercises are effective in the improvement of knee extensor strength and balance ability. This study suggests that open and closed kinetic exercise training is an effective training for strength and balance in patients with early stroke.

Evaluation of Axial Behavior of Strengthened Columns according to Different Peripheral Closed Hoops in Jacket Section (확대단면에서 폐쇄형 외부 띠철근 배근 방법에 따른 보강기둥의 중심축하중 거동 평가)

  • Hwang, Yong-Ha;Yang, Keun-Hyeok;Sim, Jae-Il;Choi, Yong-Soo
    • Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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    • v.35 no.7
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    • pp.139-146
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    • 2019
  • This study examined the effect of various arrangement methods for forming peripheral closed hoops in the jacket section on the axial behavior of section enlargement strengthening columns. Four types of peripheral closed hoops arranged in the jacket section were prepared as follows: 1) Closed connection of prefabricated bar units (column P); 2) V-clip installation across the overlapped legs of channel-type bars (column V); 3) Use of glass fiber mesh for an alternative of steel bars (column F); and 4) combination of prefabricated bar units and glass fiber mesh (column PF). The V-clip is designed to form the closed hoops in the jacket section using the overlapped channel-type bars, preventing the opening of the channel bar legs. The glass fiber mesh is to examine the feasibility to apply for closed hoops in the jacket section as an alternative for steel bars, considering the easy construction. In the jacket section of all the strengthened columns, V-ties were arranged for supplementary ties, avoiding the interruption of the existing column. The axial stiffness and strength of the strengthened columns were insignificantly affected by the arrangement methods of closed hoops in the jacket section. The axial ductility ratio of the strengthened columns P, V, and PF was enhanced more than twice of that measured in the non-seismic existing column. However, the column F exhibited a lower ductility than the other strengthened columns because of the fracture of the mesh at the ultimate strength of the column. The V-clip approach was favorable to enhance the ductility of the strengthened column, preventing the opening of the legs of channel-type bars.

The Effectiveness of Forest Walking Program on Stress and Recovery of Schizophrenic Patients in a Closed Ward (숲산책 프로그램이 폐쇄병동 조현병 환자의 입원스트레스와 회복에 미치는 효과)

  • Kim, Eun Ju;Park, Jeong Hwa;Sung, Kyung Mi
    • Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.86-95
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of forest walking program on stress and recovery among schizophrenic patients in a closed ward. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pre-posttest design was used. The participants were composed of 36 patients with schizophrenia admitted in two psychiatric hospitals. The experimental group (n = 18) received the forest walking program twice a week with a total of 6 weeks. Results: The study results revealed that the forest walking program was effective on stress(${\chi}^2=34.11$, p<.001), subjective recovery(${\chi}^2=22.40$, p<.001) and clinical recovery(F=28.34, p<.001) of hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the forest walking program for schizophrenic patients in the closed ward can be an effective nursing intervention to reduce stress and improve recovery ability. We suggest that mental health nurses may adapt this program to help patients with schizophrenia in a closed ward.