• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.19-34
• /
• 2011

A bounded linear operator T on a complex Banach space X is said to have property (I) provided that T has Bishop's property (${\beta}$) and there exists an integer p > 0 such that for a closed subset F of ${\mathbb{C}}$ ${X_T}(F)={E_T}(F)=\bigcap_{{\lambda}{\in}{\mathbb{C}}{\backslash}F}(T-{\lambda})^PX$ for all closed sets $F{\subseteq}{\mathbb{C}}$, where $X_T$(F) denote the analytic spectral subspace and $E_T$(F) denote the algebraic spectral subspace of T. Easy examples are provided by normal operators and hyponormal operators in Hilbert spaces, and more generally, generalized scalar operators and subscalar operators in Banach spaces. In this paper, we prove that if T has property (I), then the quasi-nilpotent part $H_0$(T) of T is given by $$KerT^P=\{x{\in}X:r_T(x)=0\}={\bigcap_{{\lambda}{\neq}0}(T-{\lambda})^PX$$ for all sufficiently large integers p, where ${r_T(x)}=lim\;sup_{n{\rightarrow}{\infty}}{\parallel}T^nx{\parallel}^{\frac{1}{n}}$. We also prove that if T has property (I) and the spectrum ${\sigma}$(T) is finite, then T is algebraic. Finally, we prove that if $T{\in}L$(X) has property (I) and has decomposition property (${\delta}$) then T has a non-trivial invariant closed linear subspace.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2004.03b
• /
• pp.873-881
• /
• 2004

A serious of EK remediation tests on contaminated soil are performed under unsaturated conditions and analyzed for electrical potential, water content, pH and so on. The results indicated that electrical potential and pH distributions in the sample are dependent on the amount and inward/outward flow of hydrogen ion. Specially, for the closed system the water content is largely decreased with the flow of hydrogen. The maximum electrical conductivity is measured at the catholyte of CEM(Sealing) test and directly related to the remedial efficiency. Although pHs in the region near to the anode are similarly developed, the different concentration of lead is measured with the electrical gradient contrary to the lead concentration dependent on pH within the sample.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.1299-1307
• /
• 2020

We show that the Liechti-Strenner's example for the closed nonorientable surface in [13] minimizes the dilatation within the class of pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms with an orientable invariant foliation and all but the first coefficient of the characteristic polynomial of the action induced on the first cohomology nonpositive. We also show that the Liechti-Strenner's example of orientation-reversing homeomorphism for the closed orientable surface in [13] minimizes the dilatation within the class of pseudo-Anosov homeomorphisms with an orientable invariant foliation and all but the first coefficient of the characteristic polynomial p(x) of the action induced on the first cohomology nonpositive or all but the first coefficient of p(x)(x ± 1)², p(x)(x² ± 1), or p(x)(x² ± x + 1) nonpositive.

• Annals of Fuzzy Mathematics and Informatics
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.333-336
• /
• 2018

One of the well known results in general topology says that every compact subset of a Hausdorff space is closed. This result in soft topology is not true in general as demonstrated throughout this note. We begin this investigation by showing that [Theorem 3.34, p.p.23] which proposed by Varol and $Ayg{\ddot{u}}n$ [7] is invalid in general, by giving a counterexample. Then we derive under what condition this result can be generalized in soft topology. Finally, we evidence that [Example 3.22, p.p. 20] which introduced in [7] is false, and we make a correction for this example to satisfy a condition of soft Hausdorffness.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• v.10 no.6
• /
• pp.509-514
• /
• 2020

In the preliminary design phase of explosion-proof structures, the use of P-I diagram is useful. Based on the fact that the deformation criteria at failure or heavy damage is significantly larger than the yield deformation, a closed form solution of normalized P-I diagram is proposed using the complete plastic resistance curve. When actual sizes and material properties of RC structural component are considered, the complete plasticity assumption shows only a maximum error of 6% in terms of strain energy, and a maximum difference of 9% of the amount of explosives in CWSD. Thru comparison with four field test results, the same damage pattern was predicted in all four specimens.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.617-623
• /
• 2010

Let p be a hyperbolic periodic point of f, and let ${\Lambda}(p)$ be a closed set which containing p. In this paper, we show that $C^1$-generically, if $f{\mid}_{{\Lambda}(p)}$ has the $C^1$-stably asymptotic average shadowing property, then it admits a dominated splitting.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 1993

The rise of a large gas bubble or slug in a Micro Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon with a thin wire insert has been analiged by the potential flow theory. The effect of the interfacial surface tension is explicitly accounted by application of the Kelvin-Laplace equation and solved for the bubble shape. The solution is expressed in terms of the Stokes stream function which consists of an infinite series of Bessel functions. The conditions of the bubble movement in a Micro Two-Phase Closed Thermosyphon were theoretically ascertained.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.679-686
• /
• 1999

This study is to investigate the effect of a substantial drag reduction caused by the polymer(A611P) when the working fluids flow to the vertical direction in the vertical cylindrical equipment of closed flow system. The drag reduction is associated with the mechanical degrada-tion thermal degradation and heat transfer. By ignore the heat fluxs within the closed system the pressure drop due to the polymer concentration the flow velocity and flow time have been mea-sured. By taking into account the mechanical and thermal degradation in the closed system an experiment has been focused on the determination of the condition which could improve the pump capacity in the heat union electric power plant. Under the condition of non-boiling it has been found out that the change of heat flux has little influence on the drag reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.400-405
• /
• 2000

We investigated the effect of TMIn (trimethly-indium) source depletion on InGaAs, InGaAsP and 1.55 $\mu\textrm{m}$ InGaAs/InGaAsP SMQW by using EPISON ultrasonic monitor for measuring the concentration of metalorganic/carrier gas mixtures. And the problems for the growth reproducibility in MOCVD was solved by using an EPISON ultrasonic monitor with closed-loop mode under the condition of TMIn source depletion. The saturation pressure of TMIn was dramatically decreased over consumption of 80%. In the case of bulk epilayer, Up-shifting of 300 arcsec to Ga-rich direction and FWHM broadening by a factor of two in DCXRD spectrum were observed due to the TMIn source depletion. In the case of SMQW, Up-shifting of 300 arcsec to Ga-rich direction in DCXRD spectrum and blue-shift of 40 nm in PL spectrum were observed due to the TMIn source depletion. However, good reproducibility ($\Delta\theta$<$\pm$100 arcsec) was achieved even the condition of 95% of TMIn consumption, when we used the EPISON with closed-loop mode.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.502-514
• /
• 2002

The aim of this study was to evaluate the marginal adaptation of direct class II sandwich restoration with packable composites(P-60), resin modified glass ionomer cement(Fuji-II LC), flowable compomer(Dyract Flow), flowable composites(Filtek Flow) in comparison with total bond restorations. In addition, for sandwich restorations, influence of different sandwich techniques was also evaluated. Large butt-joint box typed class II cavites with cervical margins 1mm below the cemento-enamel junction were cut into 70 extracted human molars. The cavities(7 groups, n=10) were filled using a closed/open sandwich restoration or total bond restoration technique with materials according to the manufacturer's recommandation using the single-component bonding agent for each system. Teeth were thermocycled 500 times between 5$^{\circ}C$ and 55$^{\circ}C$ with 30-second dwell time. The teeth were then coated with nail polish 1mm short of the restoration, placed in a 2% methylene blue for 24 hours, and sectioned with diamond wheel. Sections were examined with a stereoscope to determine the extent of microleakage. Dentine /Cementum margins were analyzed for microleakage on scale of 0(no leakage) to 4(entire axial wall) and interface between materials, on scale of 0(no leakage) to 3(axial wall). Results were evaluated with Kruskal Wallis Test, corrected for ties, to determine whether there were statistically significant differences among the seven groups. Pairs of groups were analyzed using the Student-Newman-Keuls Method and Dunn s Method. The results were as follows : 1. All groups showed some micoleakage in cervical portion. But there were no microleakage in interface between materials. 2. Closed sandwich restorations with Fuji-II LC and Filtek Flow had significantly lower leakage rating than total restorations with only P-60. However, open sandwich restorations with Dyract Flow showed significantly higher (P<0.05) 3. Closed sandwich restorations had significantly lower leakage rating than total restorations. However open sandwich restoration s showed significantly higher (P<0.05). 4. Sandwich restorations with Fuji-II LC were iou$.$or leakage than only P-60. Filtek Flow, Dyract Flow. But there were no statistically differences among the materials. From the results above, it could be concluded, closed sandwich restorations was effective in reducing microleakage of class II restorations. The best results showing the least microleakage were for the closed sandwich technique with Fuji-II LC and Filtek Flow.