• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.12 no.S1
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• pp.79-82
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• 2003

We present the investigation on P- and As-desorption process from the (001) InP surface in metal organic chemical vapor deposition using surface photoabsorption (SPA). The monochromatic SPA signal showed rapid initial increase to reach In-stabilized surface value after $PH_3$ was turned off, but in case of As-desorption, the signal showed clear existence of a metastable state after the $AsH_3$ was turned off. The SPA spectra at each stable surfaces were taken to confirm the interpretation. This result indicates that the As-desorption process should be understood as a two-step process, in contrast to P-desorption of one-step process.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.3_4
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• pp.188-194
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• 2000

A protease purified from hepatopancreas of shrimp, Penaeus japonicus, had maximum activity at $70^{\circ}C$ and in neutral and alkaline pH ranges. Specific activity at optimum reaction condition of the protease was estimated to be approximately 12 U/mg/min. The protease was stable in neutral and alkaline pH ranges and activity was retained after heat treatment at $50^{\circ}C$ for 30 min. Apparent $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ value against casein substrate were estimated to be $0.29\%$ and $7.8see^{-1}$, respectively, and those against N-CBZ-L-tyrosine p-nitropheny1 ester (CBZ­Tyr-NE) were 0.38 mM and $2,400 see^{-1}$, respectively. The N-termina1 sequence of the protease showed high homology to the trypsin from same species and the proteases from shrimp. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) from shrimp tail meat was the most susceptible to the protease and actin/tropomyosin were degraded progressively during 4 hr incubation, but to a lesser degree than MHC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.566-570
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• 2010

Electro-optic modulators based on 25 monolayer langmuir-blodgett films of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene, P(VDF-TrFE), were fabricated. The LB films were prepared by transferring the monolayers on to an ITO coated glass with a surface pressure of 5 dyne/cm by use of the langmuir-schaefer deposition method. Measurement of the electro-optic coefficient has been carried out using a simple reflection techique. The E/O coefficient was found to be 154.9 pm/V and that value remained stable for at least 50 days.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2010

Bioprospecting has been widely used to assess the economic potential of different plant species and their value-addition. Prospecting for biological material like plants with medicinal or other economically valuable properties like fibre or oil is becoming a dynamic activity. Our folklore with embedded cultural heritage has tremendous possibilities and potential for bioprospecting. This forest region of Western Rajasthan is enriched with diverse vegetational wealth, if subjected to bioprospecting may prove to be a boon for the society.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.133-147
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• 2024

Let G = (V, E) be a connected finite graph. We study the existence of solutions for the following generalized Chern-Simons equation on G $${\Delta}u={\lambda}e^u(e^u-1)^5+4{\pi}\sum_{s=1}^{N}\delta_{ps}$$, where λ > 0, δ_ps is the Dirac mass at the vertex p_s, and p₁, p₂, . . . , p_N are arbitrarily chosen distinct vertices on the graph. We show that there exists a critical value $\hat{\lambda}$ such that when λ > $\hat{\lambda}$, the generalized Chern-Simons equation has at least two solutions, when λ = $\hat{\lambda}$, the generalized Chern-Simons equation has a solution, and when λ < $\hat{\lambda}$, the generalized Chern-Simons equation has no solution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1434-1439
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• 2001

Eighty crossbred pigs (Large White x Landrace) weighing 9.9 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and Jitter to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial $(5\;treatments\;{\times}2\;sexes)$ arrangement to compare the nutritive value of hulled and dehulled peas fed with or without enzyme (0.25% Allzyme PF and 0.5% Biogal-S). A barley and soybean meal diet served as a control. Eight castrates and eight gilts were fed each diet. Digestibility coefficients for dry matter, crude protein and energy were higher for diets containing dehulled peas than hulled peas. In addition, enzyme supplementation modestly increased the digestibility of all three nutrients. Over the entire experimental period (9.9 to 103.3 kg), there were no performance differences (p>0.05) between pigs fed soybean meal based diets or diets based on any of the pea products. In addition, there were no differences in performance between pigs fed diets containing hulled or dehulled peas or between pigs fed diets with or without dietary enzyme. Castrates gained weight significantly faster, consumed more feed but had a poorer feed conversion than gilts (p<0.05). There were no differences in carcass traits between pigs fed diets based on soybean meal or any of the pea products. Carcass traits were similar for pigs fed hulled or dehulled peas while enzyme supplementation also had no effect on carcass data. Castrate pigs had a lower carcass value index, estimated lean yield and loin lean depth (p<0.05). Loin fat depth was greater for castrates than gilts (p<0.05). The overall results of this experiment provide little support for the need for enzyme supplementation of pea based diets fed to swine. In addition, dehulling did not appreciably improve the nutritive value of peas. Therefore, since the process adds to the cost of the raw product, its use is unlikely to be economical.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.76.1-76.15
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• 2021

Background: The development of a vaccine for Jembrana disease is needed to prevent losses in Indonesia's Bali cattle industry. A DNA vaccine model (pEGFP-C1-tat) that requires a functional delivery system will be developed. Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) may have potential as a delivery system for the vaccine model. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the in vitro potential of PLGA as a delivery system for pEGFP-C1-tat. Methods: Consensus and codon optimization for the tat gene was completed using a bioinformatic method, and the product was inserted into a pEGFP-C1 vector. Cloning of the pEGFP-C1-tat was successfully performed, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction analysis confirmed DNA isolation. PLGA-pEGFP-C1-tat solutions were prepared for encapsulated formulation testing, physicochemical characterization, stability testing with DNase I, and cytotoxicity testing. The PLGA-pEGFP-C1-tat solutions were transfected in HeLa cells, and gene expression was observed by fluorescent microscopy and real-time PCR. Results: The successful acquisition of transformant bacteria was confirmed by PCR. The PLGA:DNA:polyvinyl alcohol ratio formulation with optimal encapsulation was 4%:0.5%:2%, physicochemical characterization of PLGA revealed a polydispersity index value of 0.246, a particle size of 925 nm, and a zeta potential value of -2.31 mV. PLGA succeeded in protecting pEGFP-C1-tat from enzymatic degradation, and the percentage viability from the cytotoxicity test of PLGA-pEGFP-C1-tat was 98.03%. The PLGA-pEGFP-C1-tat demonstrated luminescence of the EGFP-tat fusion protein and mRNA transcription was detected. Conclusions: PLGA has good potential as a delivery system for pEGFP-C1-tat.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.33-40
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• 2022

Sedimentation and pH neutralization has been investigated as preteatment of acid contaminate water. The settling and neutralizing process derive more effective degradation efficiency as the pre-treatment process before the removal process of adsorption, volatile, biodegradation, or oxidation. Settling velocity, uniformity coefficient, coefficient of curvature, and grain size index can define in the sedimentation process for characteristics of the soil. The stainless steel sieve has been used to separate each particle size of the dry soil by assembling in order of 4, 10, 20, 40, 80, 100, and 200 mesh sizes. The soil from Gamcheon Port in Busan drops upper side of the sieve and shakes back and forth to separate each different size of the particle. The 1L of Imhoff cone and 200 mL of the mass cylinder were used as settling tanks to calculate settling velocity. Stokes' equation was used to figure out the average density of dry soil with a value from settling velocity. In the results, the average particle density and lowest settling velocity were 1.93 g/cm³ and 0.11 cm/s, respectively. These values can detect the range of settling points of sediment to prevent chemical accidents. In pH neutralization, the initial pH of 2, 3, 4, and 5 of nitric acid and sulfuric acid are used as an acid solution; 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 M of sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide are used as a base solution. The main goal of this experiment is to figure out the volume percentage of the acid solution becomes pH 7. The concentration of 0.001 M of base solution exceeds all the conditions, 0.01 M exceeds partially, and 0.1 M does not exceed 5 v/v% except pH 2. Calcium hydroxide present less volume than sodium hydroxide at pH neutralization both sulfuric and nitric acid.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.398-407
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• 2007

This study was performed to evaluate possibility to reduce treatment time for child patient who have limited control activity during flowable composite resin restoration according to comparing microleakage and shear bond strength. Group I, II with Single $Bond^{TM}$, group III, IV with AQ Bond $Plus^{TM}$, group V, VI with Prompt L-$Pop^{TM}$, and group VII as control group without adhesive system. 12 premolars and 10 molars were assigned into each group. Restorative material was used the Filtek $Z350^{TM}$ flowable. The results were as follows; 1. The result of microleakage evaluation, in the group I, II with Single $Bond^{TM}$ showed low dye penetration score. Dye penetration between group I and group II were similar. 2. Results for shear bond strength at group I and group II showed values higher than other groups. (p<0.05) There were no statistical differences between group I and group II. (p>0.05) 3. There was no statistical differences among I and II, III and IV, V and VI groups. 4. Group VII showed significantly low shear bond strength than group I, II, V, VI(p<0.05). Group VII showed low value than group with III and IV, but no statistical significances. In conclusion, adhesive bonding resin was not affect significantly to microleakage and shear bond strength of flowable resin restoration. Therefore, to reduce the operation time, adhesive bonding resin and flowable composite resin can be cured at once. But contamination of saliva, location of cavities can affect to bond strength in clinical field.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.333-339
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• 2010

The objectives of this study were to use the NRC-2001 model and DVE/OEB system to model potential nutrient supply to ruminants and to compare frost damaged (also called "frozen" wheat with normal wheat. Quantitative predictions were made in terms of: i) Truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein in the small intestine; ii) Truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein in the small intestine; iii) Endogenous protein in the digestive tract; iv). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine; and v). Protein degraded balance. The overall yield losses of the frozen wheat were 24%. Results showed that using the DVE/OEB system to predict the potential nutrient supply, the frozen wheat had similar truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (65 vs. 66 g/kg DM; p>0.05), tended to have lower truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein (39 vs. 53 g/kg DM; p<0.10) and had higher endogenous protein (14 vs. 9 g/kg DM; p<0.05). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine was significantly lower (89 vs. 110 g/kg DM, p<0.05) in the frozen wheat. The protein degraded balance was similar and both were negative (-2 vs. -1 g/kg DM). Using the NRC-2001 model to predict the potential nutrient supply, the frozen wheat also had similar truly absorbed rumen synthesized microbial protein (average 56 g/kg DM; p>0.05), tended to have lower truly absorbed rumen undegraded feed protein (35 vs. 48, g/kg DM; p<0.10) and had similar endogenous protein (average 4 g/kg DM; p>0.05). Total truly absorbed protein in the small intestine was significantly lower (95 vs. 108 g/kg DM, p<0.05) in the frozen wheat. The protein degraded balance was not significantly different and both were negative (-16 vs. -19 g/kg DM). In conclusion, both models predict lower protein value and negative protein degraded balance in the frozen wheat. The frost damage to the wheat reduced nutrient content and availability and thus reduced nutrient supply to ruminants by around 12 to 19%.