• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 1998

C.I.F. and F.O.B. contracts are the chief terms used in international trade contracts. But, in recently, the multimodal transport which is based on the containerization and the improvement of air transport has been grown gradually, Regardless of theese change in international trade environment, most of the contract of sale is made by C.I.F. and F.O.B. contracts which are based on the traditional port to port transport. In other words, there are some limitation in terms of legal base in which traditional C.I.F. and F.O.B. contract is applied to the changed environment. Especially, problems arised in marine insurance which export by F.O.B. trade terms. Therefore, when the parties of the contracts of sale make an sale contracts by using the container ship and Multimodal Transport, they should use the F.C.A. and C.I.P. contracts Instead of F.O.B. and C.I.F. contracts for the transport of goods. And parties of the contracts of sale need to gain a better understanding of the characteristic of F.C.A. and C.I.P. terms and the problem of the F.C.A. and C.I.P. contracts used in the performance on international multimodal transport.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.102-103
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• 2018

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is dental technicians perception investigation about national health insurance of old persons denture in metropolitan area. Methods: A survey was performed on 103 subjects in metropolitan from January 14 to April 30 in 2009. The research tool was a structured questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by frequency, descriptive and multiple linear regression. Results: Total dental technician who respond to questionnaire was 103(100.0%). Male respondent appeared by 66.0%. 30-year-old low respondent appeared by 60.2% and subjects lived the most in seoul(68.0%). When got married, was expose that realization about national health insurance of old person s denture was high(p<0.05). When made denture, was expose that realization about national health insurance of old person s denture was high(p<0.05). Also, When got married, was expose that necessity about national health insurance of old persons denture was high(p<0.001). Conclusion: When did national health insurance of old persons denture, there were a lot of problems. But, old people was need it. Therefore, I desire that this study is used to basic data of the national health insurance.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.157-179
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• 2020

This study presented the results of meta-analysis through topic modeling among the papers published in the Journal of the International Trade Association for the purpose of presenting academic research trends in the field of trade insurance and future research directions. Among the total 2,010 papers included in the Journal of the Korea International Trade Association, the analyzed paper covers the subject of trade-related insurance. According to detailed topics, 33 marine insurance (42.31%), 16 export insurance (20.51%), 11 hull insurance (14.10%), and 18 others (23.08%), and 4 other products liability insurance. According to the empirical analysis results, Topic 1 was classified as marine insurance, airworthiness, notice obligation, and collateral, and Topic 2 was derived as a representative topic for loading insurance, emergency risk, and immunity as export insurance. And Topic 3 was classified as vessel, sinking and container in relation to ship insurance, and Topic 4 was analyzed as an important topic such as manufacture and British marine insurance. Through the analysis results, we selected the representative topic used for the trade insurance topic and looked at the status of major research. Trade insurance is an area that requires the development of more theoretical and practical research subjects as an optimal risk management means in international trade transactions. To this end, first, support from the Korea International Trade Association is needed to establish a continuous research subject sharing system for the development of research subjects in the field of trade insurance. Second, academic journal operation management must be continuously managed in which academic research papers can be submitted and published.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.42
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• pp.33.1-33.8
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• 2020

Background: We investigated the efficacy of a maxillary Jackson-Pratt (J-P) suction drain for preventing maxillary sinus hematoma and facial swelling after maxillary Le Fort I osteotomy (LF1). Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 66 patients who underwent LF1 at a single institution. Of these, 41 had a J-P suction tube inserted in the mandible and maxilla (maxillary insertion), and 25 had a J-P drain inserted in the mandible only (no maxillary insertion). Facial CT was obtained before and 4 days after surgery. We compared mean midfacial swelling and maxillary sinus haziness by t test and examined correlations between bleeding amount and body mass index (BMI). Results: For the maxillary-insertion group, the ratio of total maxillary sinus volume to haziness (57.5 ± 24.2%) was significantly lower than in the group without maxillary drain insertion (65.5% ± 20.3; P = .043). This latter group, however, did not have a significantly greater midfacial soft tissue volume (7575 mm³) than the maxillary-insertion group (7250 mm³; P = .728). BMI did not correlate significantly with bleeding amount or facial swelling. Conclusions: Suction drainage in the maxilla reduced maxillary sinus haziness after orthognathic surgery but did not significantly reduce midfacial swelling.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.111-130
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• 2014

The article 742(2) of the Korean Commercial Code allowed the third party to invoke a direct action against the insurer under a liability insurance. Meanwhile, the owners of the vessel enter into the P&I Insurance Contract with the P&I Club to indemnify all kinds of liability or expenses involved in the operation of its vessel. However, the Rule Book under the P&I Insurance mostly included the Pay to be Paid Clause which precludes the third party's direct action. Recently, the Seoul Central District Court passed a judgement on the validity of the Pay to be Paid Clause under the Korean law against the third party i.e. the cargo insurer having the right of subrogation. The court held that (1) the third party's right of direct action is not the right to claim insurance money but the right to claim damages against the P&I Club, (2) the insurer under a liability insurance is deemed to assume liability jointly and severally with the insured against the third party, (3) the Article 742(2) of the Korean Commercial Code is considered as a compulsory provision because it was invented to protect the innocent third party, the Paid to be Paid Clause is thus null and void. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the appropriateness of this court's judgments by comparative analysis of Korean and English law, and to suggest the relevant amendments of the Korean Commercial Code in order to prevent further legal disputes. The article criticizes the decision of the Seoul Central District Court, taking the attitude that, since the third party's right is the right to claim insurance money, the Paid to be Paid Clause is valid against the third party.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.47-51
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• 2006

The variation of marine accidents and ship's insurances is to be the measurement of assessment concerned effect of importing ISM Code because each kind of ship accident's expenses and compensation for the loss have an effect on the ship's insurance and P&I insurance. Therefore in this study, we had grasped the accomplishment of importing ISM Code, using analysis of the variation of marine accidents and ship's insurances in domestic shipping companies from one year ago to 8 years after importing ISM Code. As the result of analysis, compared with the period of a year before carrying out ISM Code, marine accidents were showed a decrease of about 14.4% at 8th year of importing ISM Code. Also, the insurance had tended downward every year.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2015

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the risk factors for the development of coronary artery lesions (CALs) and to determine whether hyponatremia is associated with CALs in children with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 105 children with KD who were admitted to Ilsan Hospital between January 2000 and July 2011. Results: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.013), total bilirubin levels (P = 0.017) were higher and serum sodium levels (P = 0.027) were lower in KD children with CALs than those without. White blood cell (WBC) counts (P = 0.006), neutrophil counts (P = 0.003) were higher and albumin levels (P = 0.009) were lower in KD children with hyponatremia than those without. On multiple logistic regression analysis, hyponatremia (P = 0.024) and intravenous immunoglobulin-resistance (P = 0.024) were independent risk factors for CALs in KD. Furthermore, serum sodium levels were correlated negatively with WBC counts (P = 0.004), neutrophil counts (P < 0.001), total bilirubin levels (P = 0.005) and positively with albumin levels (P = 0.009). Conclusion: Our study indicates that hyponatremia may reflect severe inflammation in children with KD.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-73
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in the length of hospital stay between hemorrhage stroke survivors with health insurance and those with medical care after controlling all factors except for the type of medical insurance by using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: Data from the Korean National Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's In-Depth Discharge Injury Survey between the years 2006 and 2012 were used for analysis. A total of 4,538 cases were defined as persons with hemorrhagic stroke (I60-I62) based on the block of categories in the International Classification of Diseases (10th). In order to analyze the inpatient period differences depending on the type of health care, which reflects one's socio-economic level, the chi-square and t-test was conducted. Results: Frequency and percentage were presented, and regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the inpatient period. Age, severity of disease, treatment outcome, and post-discharge status were no longer statistically significant after matching. The inpatient period of the persons receiving medical aid benefits was found to be significantly longer than those with national health insurance (p<0.05). Conclusions: The factors influencing the inpatient period of hemorrhagic stroke survivors were treatment outcomes, severity of disease, hospital admission process, and the type of health care. It is necessary for systematic and comprehensive governmental management for persons with hemorrhagic stroke to be transferred to long-term care facilities.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.1-44
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• 2018

This paper studies the macroeconomic effects of an enhancement in unemployment benefits in Korea. In particular, I quantify the welfare effect of two specific policy chances which have been mainly discussed among policymakers in recent years: increasing wage replacement rates by 10%p and extending maximum benefit durations by one month. To this end, I build and calibrate an overlapping generation model which reflects the heterogeneity of the unemployed and the specificity of the unemployment insurance (UI) system in Korea. The quantitative analysis conducted here shows that extending maximum benefit durations by one month improves social welfare, whereas increasing wage replacement rates by 10%p deteriorates social welfare. Extending maximum benefit durations is applied to potentially all the UI recipients, including unemployed workers whose wage before job loss is relatively low and whose marginal utility is relatively high. However, increasing wage replacement rates is applied to only a small number of UI recipients whose wage before job loss is relatively high, while the increase in the UI premium is passed onto all of the employed. This study suggests that given the current UI system and economic environment in Korea, it is more desirable to extend maximum benefit durations rather than to increase wage replacement rates in terms of social welfare.