• Human Ecology Research
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.151-164
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• 2024

This study examined the effects of perceived discrimination on multicultural adolescents regarding feelings of conflict over their ethnic identity by investigating the moderating role of father-child open communication and mother-child open communication mediated by bicultural competence. A total of 234 middle school students (grades 7-8; 139 girls and 95 boys) from multicultural families, from which the father is Korean and the mother is not, participated in the study. Data was collected through an online self-report questionnaire and was analyzed via SPSS 26.0 and Process (Version 4.1) MACRO. The results can be summarized as follows. First, bicultural competence mediated the effects of perceived discrimination on feelings of conflict over one's ethnic identity. Enhanced bicultural competence resulting from a lower perception of discrimination contributed to a reduction in feelings of conflict over one's ethnic identity. Second, the moderated mediation effect of fatherchild open communication was significant, while the effect of mother-child open communication was not. Thus, the mediation relationship (lower perceived discrimination increased bicultural competence and, thus, reduced conflict over one's ethnic identity) grew stronger as the level of father-child open communication increased. The significance of this study lies in uncovering the causal relationships between individual and environmental factors that contribute to ethnic identity development among multicultural adolescents, particularly highlighting the important role of Korean fathers within multicultural households.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.90-103
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• 1996

The purpose of this paper is to compare two approach to assessment of coping patterns. The sampling method was a purposive sampling technique. The study participants were out patients 113 of rheumatoid arthritis center of one University hospitals in Seoul. Datas were collected from Nov. 13 to Nov. 24, 1995. The instruments used for this study were Graphic Rating Scales of pain, The Beck Depression Inventory and Coping Patterns tool. The collected data were analyzed for frequency, means, SD, factor analysis., Pearsons' correlations and ANOVA. The results were summerized as follows ; 1. When raw scores were used : there were not correlation in all three coping patterns. 2. When relative scores were used : there were significantly correlated in all three coping patterns. 1) Active coping and Positive-cognitive coping (r=-0.352, p< 0.0001) 2) Positive-cognitive coping and Negative-cognitive coping (r=-0.594, p< 0.0001) 3) Active coping and Negative-cognitive coping(r=-0.544, p< 0.0001) The results of this research with relative scales provided more insight into the correlation in all three coping patterns. 3. Pearsons' Correlations were computed for each coping pattern, age, pain level, duration of pain and BDI. 1) Using raw score : (1) Active coping was significantly related to pain level(sensory score ; r=0.268, p<0.05, affective score ; r=0.266, p< 0.05) (2) Positive-cognitive coping was significantly related to age (r=-0.252, p< 0.05), pain level (sensory score ; r= -0.244, p< 0.05) (3) Negative-cognitive coping was significantly related to depression level (r=0.312 p< 0.0001). 2) Using relative score (1) Active coping was significantly related to pain level(sensory score ; r=0.299, p<0.05, affective score ; r=0.246, p< 0.05) (2) Positive-cognitive coping was significantly related to age (r= -0.187, P< 0.05), pain level (sensory score ; r=-0.317, p<0.0001, affective score : r=-0.305, p<0.0001) and depression level(-0.339, p<0.0001)) (3) Negative-cognitive coping was significantly related to depression. level(r=0.313, p<0.0001). 4. When raw and realtive coping scores were compared to those of age groups, religious groups and BDI level(high, middle, low) ; 1) Using raw score : (1) Active coping : there were not significantly difference (2) Positive-cognitive coping ; 20-39 age group and 50-59age group had significantly higher scores than over 60age group. BDI-low level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. (3) Negative-cognitive coping : 20-39age group and over 60age group had significantly higher scores than 40-49age group. Non-religious group had significantly higher scores than christian group. BDI-high level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. 2) Using relative score : (1) Active coping : over 60 age group had significantly higher scores than 20-39 age group and 40-49age group had significantly higher scores than 20-39 age group (2) Positive-cognitive coping ; 40-49age group, 20-39age group and 50-59age group had significantly higher scores than over 60age group. Christian group had significantly higher scores than non-religious group. BDI-low level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. (3) Negative-cognitive coping ; Non-religious group had significantly higher scores than christian group and buddhistic group. BDI-high level group had significantly higher scores than other groups. The current data suggest that relative scores may yield a different perspective on coping patters than raw scores. The use of relative scores reveals the relation clearly, without its being blurred statistically by the effect of other coping strategies or being relegated to a partial correlation. The use of relative scores holds promise for delineating the relations between ways of coping and health-related behavior.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.878-888
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• 1996

The main purpose of this study was getting related to the pain charactristic data of elderly. It contains past and present health status, daily living activity level, pain frequency, causes, pain area, pain intensity, pain worse causes, and pain releave causes, pain management methods. The subject were 79 elderly whose age were over 65 years old. They were lived in their home environment. Half of them were resident of middle range city at province and the others were Seoul city. The data was collected from Dec. 1st. 1995 to Jan. 30th. 1996. Interviews were held with semi-structured questionaire after pilot study by researchers. Pain measurement tool were used graphic rating scale and Abstract of Korean Pain Language Scale. To analize the subject's general characteristics, past and present health status, daily living activity level, characteristics about pain, pain management methods statistical SPSS for win frequency were employed. The findings were as follows ; 1. There were 33(41.8%) male and 46(58.2%) female Below 69 year old were 20(25.3%), 70-79 year old were 42(53.2%), over 80 year old were 17(21.5%), mean age was 74(from 65 to 89). 2. Buddhist were 24(30.4%), Christian were 29(36. 7%), the other religious status or non religians were 26 (32.9%). 3. Past good health status were 63(79.7%), not so good status were 6(7.6%). Present good health status were 19(24.1%), moderated health status were 6(7.6%), not so good status were 14(17.7%). 4. Daily living activity limitation were 39(49.4%), nonlimitation of activity were 5(6.3%). 5. Walking limitation were 3(3.8%), nonlimitation walking were 52(65,8%). 6. Insomnia was 23(29.1%), no difficult were 38(48.1%). 7. Chronic pain complaints were 64(81%), diseases causes of pain were 25(31.6%), bad health behavior causes of pain were 27(34.2%). 8. Most pain area were back 30(29.4%), leg 17(16.7%), knee 16(15.7%), arm 13(12.7%), teeth, chest and head were each 5(4.9%), loin, trunk were each 4(3.9%), the other areas were 3(3%). 9. Pain intensity was 3.49(mean) by Korean Language Scale, 6.59(mean) by graphic rating scale. Sensitive pain was 3.5(47.9%), affective pain was 3(20.8%) It was high pain level and sensitive pain. 10. Most pain worse causes moving was 35(44.3%), pain relieving causes rest was 29(36.7%), 11. Pain management method were medication 40(42.1%), physiotherapy 23(24.2%), hospital 12(12.6%), the others 7(7.4%), none 13(13.7%). The conclusion ; Present health status of eldery was not so good. Almost half of them have some diseases. Most common diseases of eldery were arthristis, respitatory and heart problems. Foully nine percent of elderly had limitation of daily living activities. Eighty one percent of eldely had chronic pain. Most of them was back pain (30%). Pain intensity was high(score over 3.5). The worsening pain causes was moving and releiving causes was rest. Pain management method were pain medication, physiotherapy. Therefore, Nursing care plan for the elderly have to focus on pain because majority of elderly have chronic high level of pain related to the arthritis.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.109-120
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• 2017

This study aimed to develop Chinese restaurant set menu which was proper to tendency of market segmentation by using conjoint analysis. In order to examine tendency of market segmentation, this study investigated the important factors and effective values of whole market and segment market. First, the study found that whole market and segment market seemed to prefer seafood to meat except Cluster 3 (Gentle demand type). Second, regarding efficiency of attribute level, the study found that crap soup is favored over seafood in both whole market and segment market except Cluster 1 (strong demand type). Third, Cluster 1 (strong demand type) showed a high level of efficiency on menu which is mixed with meat and seafood. In Cluster 2 (middle demand type), there was a high level of efficiency in meat menu. In case of Cluster 3 (gentle demand type), seafood menu showed high level of efficiency. Forth, there was a high level of efficacy in rice and western dessert menu on the result of analysis on whole market and segment market. Therefore, this study suggests that the preference of seafood is more higher than the preference of meat. It means that current customers care their health more than they used to be. According to this study, people who want to develop Chinese restaurant menu should focus on seafood more than meat. What's more, marketers of chinese restaurants have to not only present new awareness and fresh atmosphere but also provide typical composition of set menu for target customers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.204-215
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary energy and crude protein (CP) levels on growth performance, blood profiles, and carcass traits in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred pigs ([Yorkshire ${\times}$ Landrace] ${\times}$ Duroc) with an average body weight of $30.96{\pm}3.068kg$ were used for a 12-week feeding trial. Experimental pigs were allotted to a $2{\times}3$ factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block (RCB) design. The first factor was two levels of dietary metabolizable energy (ME) density (13.40 MJ/kg or 13.82 MJ/kg), and the second factor was three dietary CP levels based on subdivision of growing-finishing phases (high: 18%/16.3%/16.3%/13.2% middle: 17%/15.3%/15.3%/12.2% and low: 16%/14.3%/14.3%/11.2%). Average daily gain (ADG) and gain-feed ratio (G:F ratio) decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linear, p < 0.05; p < 0.05, respectively) in the early growing period, and G:F ration also decreased as dietary CP level was decreased linearly (linearly, p < 0.05) over the whole growing phase. Over the entire experimental period, G:F ratio decreased as dietary ME level decreased (p = 0.01). Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration was increased as dietary energy level decreased in growing period (p < 0.01). During finishing period, total protein concentration was decreased by lower dietary energy level (p < 0.05). In this study, there were no significant differences in proximate factors, physiochemical properties, muscle TBARS assay results, pH changes, or color of pork by dietary treatments. However, saturated fatty acid (SFA) increased (p < 0.01) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) decreased (p < 0.05) when ME was decreased by 0.42 MJ/kg in growing-finishing pig diets. In addition, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) tended to increase when CP level was decreased in growing-finishing pig diets (p = 0.06). A growing-finishing diet of 13.82 MJ/kg diet of ME with the high CP level can improve growth performance and show better fatty acids composition of pork.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 1975

(1) 보육원경영주(保育園經營主)는 원아(園兒)들의 체력(體力)이나 건강면(健康面)을 고려(考慮)해서 영양관리(營養管理)에 유기적변화(劉期的變化)를 가(加)해야 하며 행정당국(行政當局)도 양적(量的)인 보육원경영(保育園經營)을 지양(止揚)하고 물적면(質的面)에 치중(置重)해야 할 것으로 생각된다. 외원(外援)이나 내자지원(內資支援)을 받는 보육원(保育園)이 합리적(合理的)으로 운영(運營)의 묘(妙)를 기(期)한다면 체육중학수준(體育中學水準)에는 미급(未及)일망정 일반가정아(一般家庭兒)의 생활수준(生活水準)을 오히려 능가할 수도 있을 것으로 예측한다. (2) 체육중학교생(體育中學校生)의 1 일(日) 평균(平均) Cal 섭취량(攝取量)은 연령(年齡)(체중(體重))과 운동량(運動量)에 비(比)하여 과식(過食)을 하는 형편(形便)이 아닌가 우려(憂慮)된다. 따라서 영양사(營養士)에게는 영양(營養)의 공급량(供給量)에 대(對)하여 새로운 검토(檢討)가 요망(要望)된다. (3) 기생충감염여부(寄生蟲感染如否)는 고려(考慮)하지 않았다. 그것은 체육중학교(體育中學校)에서 일정(一定)한 식단(食單)(menu)으로 생활(生活)($1{\sim}2$년(年))이 계속(繼續)되는 학생(學生)들의 Hb 량(量)이 많기 때문에 Hb량(量)이 적은 것은 기생충(寄生蟲)과는 무관(無關)하고 오직 영양물질(營養物質)에 기인(基因)한다고 예측(豫測)되기 때문이다. 더우기 어린 학생(學生)이면서 상류생활권(上流生活圈)에 속(屬)하는 리화여대(梨花女大)의 대학생(大學生)들과 같은 수준의 Hb 양(量)을 보지(保持)하므로 더욱 그 신빙도(信憑度)가 높다고 보아도 좋을 것이다. 따라서 일반가정아(一般家庭兒)와 원아(園兒)들의 건강상태(健康狀態)를 정상적(正常的)으로 유지(維持)시키면서 국력(國力)을 증강(增强)시키려면 보육원경영주(保育園經營主)나 한 가정의 책임자(責任者)는 오직 영양관리(營養管理)에 세심(細心)한 주의(注意)를 가져야 하고 행정당국(行政當局)도 보육원운영면(保育園運營面)에 보다 깊은 배려(配慮)가 있어야 한다고 요망(要望)된다.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제33권1_2호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2021

In this study, we identified characteristics of heatwaves on the Korean Peninsula and related atmospheric circulation patterns using data on the daily maximum temperature (TMX) and reanalysis data for the past 42 years (1979-2020) and analyzed their connection to the Arctic oscillation (AO). The heatwave on the Korean Peninsula showed to be stronger and more frequent in the 2000s. The recent strong and frequent heatwaves on the Korean Peninsula are mainly affected by abnormal high-pressure over the Korean Peninsula on the middle/upper-level atmosphere and the strengthening of the North Pacific high pressure. Interestingly, composite difference of sea level pressure showed very similar results to the positive AO pattern. The correlation coefficients between the summertime AO and the TMX and HWD of the Korean Peninsula were 0.407 and 0.437, respectively, which showed a statistical significance in 1%, and showed a clear relationship with the abnormal high-pressure over the Korean Peninsula and the strengthening of the North Pacific high pressure. In addition, in the positive AO phase, the TMX and HWD of the Korean peninsula were approximately 30.1 ℃ and 14.6 days, which were about 1.2 ℃ and 8.8 days higher than in the negative AO phase, respectively. As a result of the 15-year moving average correlation analysis, the relationship between the heatwave and AO on the Korean Peninsula has increased significantly since 2003, and the linear relationship between them has become more apparent. Moreover, after the 2000s, when the relationship developed, AO had more strongly induced the atmospheric circulation pattern to be more favorable to the occurrence of heatwaves in the Korean Peninsula. This study implies that understanding the AO, which is the large-scale variability in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Arctic-mid latitude teleconnection, can improve the performance of global climate models and help predict the seasonality of the summer heatwave on the Korean Peninsula.

• 대기
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.311-326
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• 2021

To improve the predictability of high-impact weather phenomena around Seoul, where a larger number of people are densely populated, KMA conducted the intensive observation from 22 June to 20 September in 2020 over the Seoul area. During the intensive observation period (IOP), the dropsonde from NIMS Atmospheric Research Aircraft (NARA) and the radiosonde from KMA research vessel Gisang1 were observed in the Yellow Sea, while, in the land, the radiosonde observation data were collected from Icheon and Incheon. Therefore, in this study, the effects of radiosonde and dropsonde data during the IOP were investigated by Observing System Experiment (OSE) based on Korean Integrated Model (KIM). We conducted two experiments: CTL assimilated the operational fifteen kinds of observations, and EXP assimilated not only operational observation data but also intensive observation data. Verifications over the Korean Peninsula area of two experiments were performed against analysis and observation data. The results showed that the predictability of short-range forecast (1~2 day) was improved for geopotential height at middle level and temperature at lower level. In three precipitation cases, EXP improved the distribution of precipitation against CTL. In typhoon cases, the predictability of EXP for typhoon track was better than CTL, although both experiments simulated weaker intensity as compared with the observed data.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2020

Purpose : To identify changes and relationships in the fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) gene polymorphism, body composition, and physical fitness from childhood to adolescence over a three-year period spanning elementary school to middle school (2015-2018) Methods : A total of 84 male student participants were divided into two groups based on FTO genotype: aa+at (group A) and tt (group T) and tracked down. Body composition, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, muscle strength, power, and other characteristics were measured in the two groups in both 2015 and 2018, respectively, and the changes over the three-year period were analyzed and compared. Results : Increases in height and weight did not differ significantly between the two groups, but body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in group A (p=.035). With regard to physical fitness, there was no significant difference in flexibility, but cardiovascular endurance, strength, and power were significantly higher in group T (p<.001, p=.063, and p=.040, respectively). Conclusion : Group A is more likely to become obese than group T because of their lower level of physical fitness and increased BMI relative to group T. This result supports previous studies showing that group A has a relatively low level of physical activity and a greater tendency to eat fatty foods as compared with group T. Therefore, we suggest that the FTO gene polymorphism should be identified early and that students educated on diet and physical activity to help prevent adult obesity.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.467-473
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 중학교 교사의 분산적 리더십이 교사효능감과 교직헌신도에 어느 정도 영향을 미치는지 알아보고, 전체적인 영향력의 크기를 알아보는데 있다. 이를 위해 J지역 중학교 교사 460명을 대상으로 빈도와 백분율을 산출하였으며, t/F 검증을 하고, 일원변량분석과 Duncan 사후검증을 실시하였다. 또한 상관의 정도를 알아보기 위해 Pearson의 적률상관분석과 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 첫째, 분산적 리더십에 대한 중학교 교사들의 배경변인에 따라 인식 수준은 여교사, 평교사, 21년 이상 교사, 사립학교 교사가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 분산적 리더십과 교사효능감 및 교직헌신도 간에 상관관계는 통계적으로 정적인 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 교사효능감이 교직헌신도보다 높은 정적인 상관을 보였다. 셋째, 분산적 리더십이 교사효능감 및 교직헌신도 전체의 영향력은 통계적으로 유의미하게 나타났다(41%). 결론은 분산적 리더십의 하위요소가 교사효능감과 교직헌신도와의 하위요소에 유의미한 정적인 상관관계가 있다. 분산적 리더십의 하위요소가 교사효능감의 자기조절효능감과 자신감 요소, 교직헌신도의 교육애 요소를 긍정적으로 설명하고 있다. 분산적 리더십의 하위요소가 교사효능감과 교직헌신도에 미치는 설명력은 학교상황이 27%, 학교장의 리더십이 28%, 교사의 리더십이 28%, 교사의 상호작용이 28%로 나타났다. 추후 교사들의 능력을 학교에서 다양하게 수행할 수 있는 교육환경개선을 위한 교육정책수립이 필요하다.