References
- Jongbloed AW, Lenis NP. Alteration of nutrition as a means to reduce environmental pollution by pigs. Livestock Prod Sci. 1992;31:75-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(92)90057-B
- Paik IK, Blair R, Jacob J. Strategies to reduce environmental pollution from animal manure: principles and nutritional management: a review. Asian-Aust. J Anim Sci. 1996;9:615-36. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1996.615
- Jeong TS, Heo PS, Lee GY, Kim DH, Ju WS, Kim YY. The influence of phase feeding methods on growth performance, meat quality, and production cost in growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci Tech. 2010;52:29-36. https://doi.org/10.5187/JAST.2010.52.1.029
- Nieto R, Lara L, Barea R, Garca-Valverde R, Aguinaga MA, Conde-Aguilera JA, et al. Response analysis of the Iberian pig growing from birth to 150 kg body weight to changes in protein and energy supply. J Anim Sci. 2012;90:3809-20. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2011-5027
- NRC [National Research Council]. Nutrient requirements of swine. 10th ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 1998.
- NRC [National Research Council]. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th ed. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 2012.
- Buttery PJ, Boorman KN. The energy efficiency of amino acid metabolism. In: Cole DJA, editor. Protein metabolism and nutrition. London: Butterworths; 1976. p.197.
- Noblet J, Henry Y, Dubois S. Effect of amino acid balance on nutrient utilization and carcass composition of growing swine. J Anim Sci. 1987;65:717-26. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1987.653717x
- Le Bellego L, van Milgen J, Dubois S, Noblet J. Energy utilization of low-protein diets in growing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2001;79:1259-71. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.7951259x
- Kerr BJ, Southern LL, Bidner TD, Friesen KG, Easter RA. Influence of dietary protein level, amino acid supplementation, and dietary energy levels on growing-finishing pig performance and carcass composition. J Anim Sci. 2003;81:3075-87. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.81123075x
- Chadd SA, Cole DJA. The performance response of growing and finishing pigs fed differing proportions oat feed as a dietary fiber source. EAAP Annual Meeting; Zurich. 1991.
- Smith JW 2nd, Tokach MD, O’Quinn PR, Nelssen JL, Goodband RD. Effects of dietary energy density and lysine: calorie ratio on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 1999;77:3007-15. https://doi.org/10.2527/1999.77113007x
- De la Llata M, Dritz SS, Tokach MD, Goddband RD, Nelssen JL, Loughin TM. Effects of dietary fat on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs reared in a commercial environment. J Anim Sci. 2001;79:2643-50. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.79102643x
- Lopez J, Goodband RD, Allee GL, Jesse GW, Nelssen LJ, Tokach MD, et al. The effects of diets formulated on an ideal protein basis on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and thermal balance of finishing gilts housed in a hot, diurnal environment. J Anim Sci. 1994;72:367-79. https://doi.org/10.2527/1994.722367x
- Kerr BJ, Easter RA. Effect of feeding reduced protein, amino acid-supplemented diets on nitrogen and energy balance in grower pigs. J Anim Sci. 1995;73:3000-8. https://doi.org/10.2527/1995.73103000x
- Whittemore CT. The science and practice of pig production. London, UK: Longman Scientific & Technical; 1998. p.661.
- Schinckel AP, de Lange CF. Characterization of growth parameters needed as inputs for pig growth models. J Anim Sci. 1996;74:2021-36. https://doi.org/10.2527/1996.7482021x
- Apple JK, Maxwell CV, Brown DC, Friesen KG, Musser RE, Johnson ZB, et al. Effects of dietary lysine and energy density on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs fed ractopamine. J Anim Sci. 2004;82:3277-87. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.82113277x
- Kim BG, Lindemann MD. A spreadsheet method for the experimental animal allotment. J Amin Sci. 2007;85:112.
- AOAC. Official methods of analysis. 16th ed. Washington, DC, USA: Association of Official Analytical Chemist; 1995.
- Folch J, Lees M, Sloane-Stanley GH. A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipides from animal tissues. J Biol Chem. 1957;226:497-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(18)64849-5
- Jin CF, Kim JH, Han IK, Bea SH. Effects of supplemental synthetic amino acids to the low protein diets on the performance of growing pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 1998;11:1-7. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1998.1
- Edmonds MS, Baker DH. Effect of dietary protein fluctuations and space allocation on performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2003;81:2783-91. https://doi.org/10.2527/2003.81112783x
- Kil DY, Ji F, Stewart LL, Hinson RB, Beaulieu AD, Allee GL, et al. Effects of dietary soybean oil on pig growth performance, retention of protein, lipids, and energy, and the net energy of corn in diets fed to growing or finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2013;91:3283-90. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5124
- Bergner H. Protein evaluation and protein metabolism. In: Adler-Nissen J, Eggum BO, Munck L, editors. Biochemical aspects of new protein food. FEBS 11th Meeting. Copenhagen, Danmark: Pergamon Press; 1977. p.149-60.
-
Hahn JD, Gahl MJ, Giesemann MA, Holsgraefe DP, Fodge DW. Diet type and feed form effects on the performance of finishing swine fed the
${\beta}$ -mannanase enzyme product Hemicell. J Anim Sci 1995;73 Suppl 1:75. - Hatori Y, Noguchi G, Itoh M, Ishibashi T. Effects of dietary protein levels on performance, plasma amino acid concentrations and biochemical components of female growing pigs. Anim Sci Tech. 1994;65:942-9.
- Coma J, Zimmerman DR, Carrion D. Lysine requirement of the lactating sow determined by using plasma urea nitrogen as a rapid response criterion. J Anim Sci. 1996;74:1056-62. https://doi.org/10.2527/1996.7451056x
- Fuller MF, Weekes TE, Cadenhead A, Bruce JB. The protein-sparing effect of carbohydrate. 2. The role of insulin. Br J Nutr. 1977;38:489-96. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN19770114
- Whang KY, Easter RA. Blood urea nitrogen as an index of feed efficiency and lean growth potential in growing-finishing swine. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2000;13:811-6. https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2000.811
- Bergsjo B, Langseth W, Nafstad I, Jansen JH, Larsen HJ. The effects of naturally deoxynivalenol-contaminated oats on the clinical condition, blood parameters, performance and carcass composition of growing pigs. Vet Res Commun. 1993;17:283-94. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01839219
- Matthews JO, Gentry LR, Chapa AM, Higbie AD, Southern LL, Fernandez LM, et al. Changes in plasma metabolites and hormones in pigs relative to time of feeding. J Anim Sci. 1998;76 Suppl 1:168.
- Kil DY, Ji F, Stewart LL, Hinson RB, Beaulieu AD, Allee GL, et al. Net energy of soybean oil and choice white grease in diets fed to growing and finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2011;89:448-59. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3233
- Stewart LL, Kil DY, Ji F, Hinson RB, Beaulieu AD, Allee GL, et al. Effects of dietary soybean hulls and wheat middlings on body composition, nutrient and energy retention, and the net energy of diets and ingredients fed to growing and finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2013;91:2756-65. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5147
- Madeira MS, Alfaia CM, Costa P, Lopes PA, Lemos JP, Bessa RJ, et al. The combination of arginine and leucine supplementation of reduced crude protein diets for boars increases eating quality of pork. J Anim Sci. 2014;92:2030-40. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6876
- Widmer MR, McGinnis LM, Wulf DM, Stein HH. Effects of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles, high-protein distillers dried grains, and corn germ to growing-finishing pigs on pig performance, carcass quality, and the palatability of pork. J Anim Sci. 2008;86:1819-31. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0594
- Meng QW, Yan L, Ao X, Zhou TX, Wang JP, Lee JH, et al. Influence of probiotics in different energy and nutrient density diets on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and blood characteristics in growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2010;88:3320-6. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-2308
- Madsen A, Jakobsen K, Mortensen HP. Influence of dietary fat on carcass fat quality in pigs. A review. Acta Agric Scand. 1992;42:220-5.
- EFSA [European Food Safety Authority]. Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for fats, including saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and cholesterol. EFSA J. 2010;8:1461.
- Teye GA, Sheard PR, Whittington FM, Nute GR, Stewart A, Wood JD. Influence of dietary oils and protein level on pork quality. 1. Effects on muscle fatty acid composition, carcass, meat and eating quality. Meat Sci. 2006;73:157-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.11.010
- Wood JD, Lambe NR, Walling GA, Whitney H, Jagger S, Fullarton PJ, et al. Effects of low protein diets on pigs with a lean genotype. 1. Carcass composition measured by dissection and muscle fatty acid composition. Meat Sci. 2013;95:123-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.03.001
- Nemechek JE, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Goodband RD, DeRouchey JM, Woodworth JC. Effects of diet form and type on growth performance, carcass yield, and iodine value of finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2015;93:4486-99. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2015-9149
- Davis JM, Urrioal PE, Shurson GC, Baidoo SK, Johnston LJ. Effects of adding supplemental tallow to diets containing 30% distillers dried grains with solubles on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and pork fat quality in growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2015;93:266-77. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2014-7895
- Bessa RJ, Hughes RA, Jeronimo E, Moreira OC, Prates JA, Doran O. Effect of pig breed and dietary protein level on selected fatty acids and stearoyl-coenzyme a desaturase protein expression in longissimus muscle and subcutaneous fat. J Anim Sci. 2013;91:4540-6. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5963
- Prandini A, Sigolo S, Morlacchini M, Grilli E, Fiorentini L. Microencapsulated lysine and low-protein diets: effects on performance, carcass characteristics and nitrogen excretion in heavy growing-finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2013;91:4226-234. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-6412
- Hinson RB, Wiegand BR, Ritter JM, Allee LG, Carr SN. Impact of dietary energy level and ractopamine on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of finishing pigs. J Anim Sci. 2011;89:3572-9. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3302
Cited by
- 사료내 에너지 및 단백질 함량이 토종오리 생산성, 영양소 이용률 및 도체 특성에 미치는 영향 vol.46, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5536/kjps.2019.46.3.205
- Back‐fat thickness as a primary index reflecting the yield and overall acceptance of pork meat vol.92, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/asj.13515
- Dietary Energy Level Impacts the Performance of Donkeys by Manipulating the Gut Microbiome and Metabolome vol.8, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.694357
- A reduced CP level without medicinal zinc oxide does not alter the intestinal morphology in weaned pigs 24 days post-weaning vol.15, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.animal.2021.100188
- Black soldier fly larval meal in feed enhances growth performance, carcass yield and meat quality of finishing pigs vol.7, pp.4, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3920/jiff2020.0072
- Nutritive value of common housefly (Musca domestica) prepupae reared on broiler by-products as source of animal feed vol.17, pp.10, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar2021.15742
- Effects of Replacing Medical Zinc Oxide with Different Ratios of Inorganic: Organic Zinc or Reducing Crude Protein Diet with Mixed Feed Additives in Weaned Piglet Diets vol.11, pp.11, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11113132
- Inclusion of probiotic (Lactobacillus plantarum) in high- and low-nutrient-density diets reveals a positive result on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, gas emission, and blood profile in vol.101, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2021-0026