• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

An analysis model considered the manufacturing factors and the pellet size has been developed in order to predict the performance characteristics of thermoelectric modules as generators. Since the electrical internal resistance has a significant role in the performance of thermoelectric modules, the variations of electrical internal resistance with operating temperature are experimentally measured. The modified electrical internal resistance calculated from an experimental correlation is applied to the analysis model. To verify the modified analysis model, the output voltage, output current and output power are compared with experimental results for the operating temperature conditions of $T_h=85^{\circ}C$ and ${\Delta}T=40^{\circ}C$. The modified analysis shows a good agreement with the experimental results in terms of the output voltage, current, and power.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04c
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• pp.159-161
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• 2007

$CO_2$ laser sees that is most suitable to get this effect through minimum formation damage and advantage that is root enemy of effect that happen in minimum cellular tissue depth of 0.1mm is stable living body organization or internal organs institution. Formation damage by ten can be related in formation's kind or energy density, length of evaporation time. If shorten evaporation time, surroundings cellular thermal damage 200 - because happen within 400ums laser beam in rain focus sacred ground surroundings cellular tissue without vitiation me by evaporation Poe of very small floor as is clean steam can. Application is possible to vulva cuticle cousins by a paternal aunt quantity, uterine cancer, cuticle tumor by laser system that $CO_2$ laser gets into standard in obstetrics and gynecology application. Because effect that super pulse output is ten enemies of laser if uniformity one pulse durations are short almost is decreased, most of all pulse module special quality of pulse style $CO_2$ laser for obstetrics and gynecology mode stabilization by weight very, in this research to get into short pulse duration and higher frequency density, do switching by high frequency in DC-DC Converter output DC's ripple high frequency to be changed, high frequency done current ripple amount of condenser for output filter greatly reduce can. Ripple of output approximately to Zero realization applying possible inductor realization through a special quality experiment do.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.78-87
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• 2001

A new high-power step-up based on the two-module parallel-input (PISO) modular dual inductor-fed push-pull converter is proposed. The proposed converter is operated at a constant duty cycle and employs and auxiliary circuit to control the output voltage with a phase-shift between two modules. It shows a high efficiency due to the greatly reduced switch turn-off stress. It also shows a high and linear voltage conversion ratio, low current stress in the output capacitor, and fast control-to-output dynamics. The operation principles and the mathematical models of the proposed converter are presented. Features of the proposed converter are discussed in comparison with the two-module PISO modular dual inductor-fed push-pull converter. Also, experimental results from a 50kHz, 800W, 350 Vdc prototype with an input voltage range of 20-32 Vdc are provided to confirm the validity of the proposed converter. The new converter compares favorably with the conventional counterpart, and is considered well siuted to high-power step-up applications.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.397-402
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• 2005

Photovoltaic (PV) module can generate electricity using sunlight without causing any environmental degradation. Due to higher fossil fuel prices and environmental awareness, PV applications are becoming more popular as clean source of electricity generation. PV output is sensitive to the operating temperature and can be drastically affected in Building Integrated PV (BIPV) systems. PV Solarwall (SWPV) combination and PV systems have been evaluated in this study for improvement in electrical output and system costs. PV modules under forced ventilation. A 75W polycrystalline silicon PV module was fixed on SW in front of the ventilation fan as it was indicated to be the coolest position on the SW in phoenix simulations. The effectiveness of cooling by means of the forced ventilating air stream has been studied experimentally. The results indicate that there appears to be significant difference in temperature as well as electricity output comparing the SWPV and BIPV options. Electrical output power recovered is about $4\%$ during the typical day of the month of February. RETScreen(R) analysis of a 3kW PV system hypothetically located at Taegu has shown that with typical temperature reduction of $15^{{\circ}C$, it is possible to reduce the simple payback periods by one year. The work described in this paper may be viewed as an appraisal of a SWPV system based on its improved electrical and financial performances due to its ability to operate at relatively lower temperatures.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1243-1251
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• 2009

This paper presents design and test results of X-Band Transmit/Receive(T/R) module for active phased-array radar. Active phased array radars typically require solid state T/R modules with high output power, low noise figure, high Third Order Intercept(TOI), and sufficient gain in both transmit and receive. The output power of the module is 9 watts over a wide bandwidth. The noise figure is as low as 2.8 dB. Phase and amplitude are controlled by the 6-bit phase shifter and 5-bit attenuator, respectively. Highly integrated T/R module is achieved by using LTCC(Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic) multiple layer substrate. The module incorporates a compact digital interface, requires only three supply voltages.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

A fuel supply system of heavy-duty CNG engine is composed as a module structure which is integrated by about 6 injectors. There are only one input and output passage for gas fuel supply in this injector module. The response performance for transient operation of an CNG engine is very poor because only one output fuel supply line is connected to the intake pipe after a throttle valve. In this study, a new guideline and internal flow design for the CNG injector module is suggested for the improvement of response performance by fluid dynamic simulations. As a result, the response performance of gas fuel supply can be improved by decreasing the total volume of internal flow passages and a same distance design from each injector to the exit of module shows good response performance and acquirement of linearity of fuel supply. But the injection order has little influence to injection performances.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.119-126
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• 2019

A flexible thermoelectric module, which consisted of 18 pairs of Bi₂Te₃-based hot-pressed p-n thermoelectric legs, were processed by filling the module inside with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and removing the top and bottom substrates. Its power generation properties and bending characteristics were measured. With putting the flexible module on the wrist, an open circuit voltage of 2.23 mV and a maximum output power of 1.69 ㎼ were generated during staying still. On the other hand, an open circuit voltage of 3.32 mV and a maximum output power of 3.41 ㎼ were obtained with walking motion. The resistance variation of the module was kept below 1% even after applying 30,000 bending cycles with a bending curvature radius of 25 mm.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.56-61
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• 2022

Recently, the expansion of the domestic solar market due to the promotion of eco-friendly and alternative energy-related policies is promising, and it is expected to lead the high-efficiency/high-power module market based on M10 or larger cells to reduce LCOE, 540-560W, M12 based on M10 cells Compared to the existing technology with an output of 650-700W based on cells, it is necessary to secure competitiveness through the development of modules with 600W based on M10 cells and 750W based on M12 cells. For the development of high efficiency/high-power n-type bifacial, it is necessary to secure a lightweight technology and structure due to the increase in weight of the glass to glass module according to the large area of the module. Since the mechanical strength characteristics according to the large area and high weight of the module are very important, design values such as a frame of a new structure that can withstand the mechanical load of the Mechanical Load Test and the location of the mounting hole are required. In this study, a structural analysis design model was introduced to secure mechanical reliability according to the enlargement of the module area, and the design model was verified through the mechanical load test of the actual product. It can be used as a design model to secure the mechanical reliability required for PV modules by variables such as module area, frame shape, and the location and quantity of mounting holes of the structural analysis model verified. A relationship of output drop can be obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2023

In the past, the efficiency of solar cells had been increased in order to increase the efficiency of solar modules. However, in recent years, in order to increase output in the solar industry and market, the competitiveness of solar cells based on large-area solar cells and multi-bus bar has been increasing. Multi-busbar solar module is a technology to reduce power loss by increasing the number and width of the front busbar of the solar cell and reducing the current value delivered by the busbar by half through half-cutting. In the case of the existing M2 (156.75×156.75 mm²) solar cell, even with a half-cut, power loss could be sufficiently reduced, but as the area of the solar cell is enlarged to more than M6 (166×166 mm²), the need for more divisions emerged. This affected not only solar cells but also inverters required for module array configuration. Therefore, in this study, the electrical characteristics of a large-area solar cell and after division were extracted using Griddler simulation. The output characteristics of the module were predicted by applying the solar cell parameters after division to PSPice, and a guideline for the large-area solar module design was presented according to the number of divisions of the large-area solar cell.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2009

This presents the equivalent circuit model of solar cell with irradiation and temperature condition. Based on solar cell model, the photovoltaic module specification of manufacturer compare with photovoltaic module simulation and is investigated by simulation results. The obtained results indicate that residual of simulation value and specification value about photovoltaic module is lower. There is considerable validity in simulation of photovoltaic module. Thus, the optimum simulation of photovoltaic module array are studied in this paper. This paper propose the sizing optimization of photovoltaic module array for stand-alone photovoltaic system. Also, the proposed stand-alone photovoltaic system is setting in special region(in seoul). This paper presents simulation characteristic of optimization output power in seoul.