• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.103-121
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the entire world population in many ways. This study aimed to analyze the patterns of changes in eating, food purchasing and preparation, physical activity, and subjective health after COVID-19 outbreak by various sociodemographic factors and to understand the factors associated with changes in subjective health. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a representative sample from Seoul was used for the analysis. The data collection was conducted from September to October 2020. A total of 3,833 citizens aged more than 18 years old participated in the Seoul Food Survey. Descriptive statistics and generalized ordinal logistic regression models were used to understand the changes in health behaviors, health indicators, and subjective general health by various socioeconomic status. RESULTS: It was shown that the changes in household income, food expenditure, food consumption and physical activities differed significantly by age, education, occupation, income, weight, and food security status. Low-income and food-insecure households were affected more severely by the pandemic. Older age, household food insecurity, income reduction, increased home cooking and frequency of having instant foods, decreased physical activity and weight gain were significant factors explaining worse perceived health during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that focusing on older populations and low-income families with food insecurity should be prioritized during infectious disease outbreaks. In addition, the role of physical activities and instant food consumption in explaining perceived health should be investigated further in this prolonged battle with the pandemic situation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권8호
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• pp.1109-1115
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• 2020

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading globally, and the WHO has declared this outbreak a pandemic. Vaccines are an effective way to prevent the rapid spread of COVID-19. Furthermore, the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be understood for the development of an efficient and safe vaccine. Here, we review the current understanding of vaccine targets and the status of vaccine development for COVID-19. We also describe host immune responses to highly pathogenic human coronaviruses in terms of innate and adaptive immunities.

• 임상간호연구
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.179-188
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• 2017

Purpose: This study examined post-traumatic stress (PTS) and the factors affecting it among general hospital nurses after the MERS(Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) epidemic. Methods: Data were collected from 170 nurses who worked at general hospitals since the first reported MERS outbreak. The IES-R-K assessed PTS. Data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The mean PTS level was 7.80 points (range: 0~88); 7.1% of the participants were at a high risk. Nurses who had been in contact with patients suspected or diagnosed with MERS had high post-traumatic levels; those who had been quarantined during the MERS outbreak had relatively higher PTS levels. Shift-work nurses had higher PTS levels than those with fixed working hours. Above charge' nurses stress levels were higher than staff nurses' stress levels. The results showed that factors including contact with an MERS-suspected or diagnosed patient, position at work, and working status of MERS-affected nurses explained 16% of the PTS. Among the main variables, nurses' above charge position was the greatest factor affecting PTS. Discussion: It is necessary to develop intervention studies and programs considering these variables. Furthermore, development and implementation of differentiated programs should be done considering the position of above charge nurses.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2019

Purpose: The human body is a chemical laboratory. Artists are exposed to a variety of chemicals in art studio space and the art materials used in the creation contain toxic ingredients, exposing them to a variety of incurable diseases, including cancer. It aims to analyze the problems of the studio space environment and the risks of art materials, which are fundamental causes of the outbreak of incurable diseases, and to derive the direction of specific practices that can reduce the occurrence of incurable diseases by artists. Method: The harmfulness of an artist's creative space is the cause of a disease outbreak, and two primary factors cause it. One is the environmental hazards caused by the use of tools, air pollution, and chemical hazards caused by art materials in the architectural space environment of the studio. Necessary measures are put forward to control disease outbreaks by identifying the status and cause of intractable diseases caused by studies. Result: The plan is urgent for the establishment of safety rules and regular pre-trainthese two factors and analyzing the results of prior research and implementation investigationing, the legal provisions of studio architecture design and the introduction of labelling rules to control the distribution of harmful art materials.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.981-991
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• 2023

Monkeypox (Mpox) virus, a member of the Poxviridae family, causes a severe illness similar to smallpox, which is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, rash, and pustules. Human-to-human transmission cases have been reported but remained low since the first recorded case of human infection occurred in the Congo in 1970. Recently, Mpox has re-emerged, leading to an alarming surge in infections worldwide since 2022, originating in the United Kingdom. Consequently, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the '2022-23 Mpox outbreak'. Currently, no specific therapy or vaccine is available for Mpox. Therefore, patients infected with Mpox are treated using conventional therapies developed for smallpox. However, the vaccines developed for smallpox have demonstrated only partial efficacy against Mpox, allowing viral transmission among humans. In this review, we discuss the current epidemiology of the ongoing Mpox outbreak and provide an update on the progress made in diagnosis, treatment, and development of vaccines for Mpox.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.12-19
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• 2008

Varicella is a highly infectious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus. The varicella vaccine was developed by Michiaki Takahashi in Japan in 1974. Despite the worldwide distribution of efficient vaccines, varicella vaccination policy is extremely variable from country to country. Although varicella vaccine is not currently recommended for universal vaccination in Japan, most countries throughout Europe, and developing countries, it had been introduced into Korea in 1988 and 20 years have elapsed since its use. Currently, varicella vaccine has been most extensively used in the United States where routine 2-dose vaccination program has been recently implemented for children. Recent 2-dose schedule in the United States and the availability of combination measles-rubella-varicella vaccines may lead to future varicella vaccination policy changes in many countries. With this background, this article summarizes the current status of varicella vaccination policies worldwide and presents provisional updated recommendation of varicella vaccination in Korea.

• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2005년도 학술발표논문집
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• pp.7-13
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• 2005

There are two ways to mitigate the drought. One is the structural measures such as storage of irrigation water, development of emergency wells, etc. The other one is the nonstructural measures such as water saving management by the early warning system. To precast and evaluate the drought, we need to develop the drought indices for agriculture. In the present drought preparedness plans of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF), it is prescribed that the preparedness levels should be classified by considering the precipitation, reservoir storage, soil moisture in paddy and upland, and the growing status of crops. However there are not clear quantitative criteria for consistent judgment. This shows that we have not selected and utilized the proper drought index for agriculture and we did not have the information system to calculate the drought indices periodically and warn the outbreak of the drought. The objectives of the study are to develope of Agricultural Drought Evaluation System and to evaluate this indices for current agricultural status using the system.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2017

To minimize and prevent the increasing fire and personal injury, the domestic firefighting organizations are making continuous efforts to strengthen the response system and safety standards. "Fire Reduction Program" has been prepared to reduce the outbreak of fire up to 20% in the next 10 years, and the analysis of fire sources should be done and its countermeasures also should be done accordingly. Therefore, the management status, the improvement tasks, and the limitations of the implementation plan are reviewed and studied so that the implementation and goal of the "Fire Reduction Policy" can be achieved.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.18
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• 2021

The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still threatening human health, economy, and social life worldwide. As a counteraction for this devastating disease, a number of vaccines are being developed with unprecedented speed combined with new technologies. As COVID-19 vaccines are being developed in the absence of a licensed human coronavirus vaccine, there remain further questions regarding the long-term efficacy and safety of the vaccines, as well as immunological mechanisms in depth. This review article discusses the current status of COVID-19 vaccine development, mainly focusing on antigen design, clinical trials in later stages, and immunological considerations for further study.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2004

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) is a very acute systemic disease in poultry, particularly in chickens and turkeys caused by HPAI viruses. An outbreak of HPAI caused by subtype H5N1, was first reported in a broiler breeder farm on December 10, 2003 in Korea, although there had been twenty one outbreaks of the disease reported in the world before. Since mid-December 2003, eight Asian countries have confirmed outbreaks of HPAI due to the same subtype. The outbreak has also resulted in at least twenty three fatal human cases in Vietnam and Thailand as of May 17, 2004 according to the WHO. Regarding the first outbreak of recent Asian HPAI, it has been suspected that some Asian countries with the exception of Korea and Japan veiled the fact of HPAI outbreaks since the last half of 2003, even though it was first reported in Korea. There have been total nineteen outbreaks of HPAI among chicken and duck farms in 10 provinces in Korea since Dec. 2003 and approximately 5,280,000 birds were slaughtered from 392 farms for eradication of the disease and preemptive culling. The origin of the H5Nl HPAI virus introduced into the country are unknown and still under epidemiological investigation. Current status of outbreaks and characteristics of HPAI will be reviewed and discussed on the basis of genetic, virological, clinicopathological, and ecological aspect, as well as future measures for surveillance and prevention of the disease in Korea.