• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.99-102
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• 1997

The otitis externa frequently occurs in dog. The cause is mostlyan increase of bacterias (for example Staphylococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. and Psudomonas spp.) and/or yeast fungi (especially malassizia pachydermatis) and/or infestation with parasites (otodecits cynotis) which growth is promoted by a change of the microclimate in the external auditory meatus. The worse therapeutic results of medicine is explained by an intolerance and resistence of microorganisms which was often observed. In this study of dog with otitis externa developed a generalised pyoderma. This, in fact, could be a causative factor in the development of otitis externa and its recurrence. Concluded, the surgical treatment is the best method for eliminating chronic otitis externa.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2009

This study examined the efficacy of apitoxin for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs. Ten dogs with otitis externa were allocated randomly to two groups. The control group was treated with the susceptible antibiotics and the experimental group was injected with apitoxin into the tragus subcutaneously. There were no significant differences in the clinical scores, blood WBC counts and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios between the control and experimental groups. By 2 weeks, the bacterial cell counts were significantly lower in the experimental group than the control (p < 0.05). No adverse reactions were observed in any of the dogs during the study. This suggests that a topical injection of apitoxin is an effective treatment for otitis externa in dogs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.66-69
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• 2014

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective method for infectious disease, but as yet, no clinical trial on otitis externa has been conducted in animals. This report describes 4 cases of PDT treatment on severe otitis externa in canine. Four canines were treated with various concentrations of 5-aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (5-ALA) and with various J (second ${\times}$ power) and irradiated by light-emitting diode light source at 635 nm, respectively. After the PDT applications, canines incubated in the dark for 5 or 6 hr. All patients showed clinical resolution of otitis externa after PDT treatment at the dose of 0.16~0.3 g ALA and J (54~162 $J/cm^2$). On the basis of these findings, PDT can be considered to be a new therapeutic approach to severe otitis externa in canine.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Canine otitis externa is a common disorder in small animal practice with prevalence up to 20%. In a large percentage of cases, canine otitis externa is a chronic and recurrent disease also associated with drug-resistant bacteria that is difficult to treat with traditional antibiotics. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new strategy to exterminate pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy against canine otitis externa using three photosensitizer (PS); 5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and Methyl aminolevulinic acid (MAL) with semiconductor laser diode (SLD, 635nm of wave length), Chlorophyll-lipoid complex (CLC) with light-emitting diode (LED, 660nm of wave length). After PDT, dogs showed improved Otitis Index Score (OTIS) in swelling, exudate, odor, and pain. A result of the cytology test revealed decrease of bacteria and malassezia count in the oil immersion field and colony forming units count. PDT was effective as a bacteriocide of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) and a fungicide of Malassezia pachydermatis. MAL and 5-ALA were more effective PS against canine otitis externa than CLC. These results suggest that PDT is a new strategy to exterminate pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi. PDT can be considered as a new therapeutic approach for canine recurrent otitis externa and a countermeasure to drug resistance that is a disadvantage of traditional antibiotic and antifungal therapy.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.85-89
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• 2009

This study examined the therapeutic effects of aromatherapy for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs. Eleven dogs with otitis externa were examined. The control group (5 dogs) was treated with susceptible antibiotics, and the experimental group (6 dogs) was treated with aroma-oil applied topically to the ear canal. The aroma-oil contained 10 ml sweet almond oil, 0.3 ml bergamot oil, 0.2 ml lavender oil, 0.1 ml tea tree oil and 0.1 ml roman chamomile oil. The blended aroma-oil (0.1 ml) was applied to the ear canal twice daily for 2 weeks. The authors examined the changes in the clinical signs, bacterial count in discharges, total WBC count and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratios in the two groups. The bacterial cell counts in the experimental group were significantly lower at one (p < 0.01) and two weeks (p < 0.05) after treatment than the control group. These results suggest that aromatherapy is an effective and practical treatment for otitis externa in dogs.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.566-574
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• 1999

This study was conducted to examine the outbreak rate and the causative agents of otitis externa in 26 dogs (49 ears ; 23 dogs = bilateral, 3 dogs = unilateral), and the normal microfloras of external ear canal in 68 dogs(133 ears ; 65 dogs = bilateral, 3 dogs = unilateral ) in Taegu, 1997. The breed, living environment, sex, age and season distribution of otitic dogs were as follows : Dogs with erect and hairy ears(42.3%), pendulous and hairy ears(38.5%), indoor(92.3%), female(65.4%) and below one year old(38.5%) were more prevalent. According to season, otitis externa was mainly occurred between July and October. The major causative agents of canine otitis externa were Malassezia pachydermatis (32.7%), Staphylococcus aureus (26.5%) and S intermedius (16.3%). In the microorganism isolated 39 otitic ear canals, single infection was 53.8% and mixed infection was 46.2%. The normal microfloras of canine external ear canal were fungi including M pachydermatis, Aspergillus spp, Microsporum canis, Alternaria spp, Verticillium spp and Yeast, and bacteria including Staphylococcus spp(10 species including S xylosus), Bacillus spp, Corynebacterium spp, Listeria spp, Actinomyces pyogenes and Escherichia coli. No growth was 34.6%.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.308-311
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• 2003

Clinical outcomes of dogs treated for end-stage otitis extema with total ear canal ablation (TECA) combining lateral bullar osteotomy (LBO) at Veterinary medical teaching hospital of Seoul National University from 2001 to 2003 were evaluated. In 14 dogs, 23 ears, the operation was successful in alleviating all clinical signs of otitis externa and media. The main complication after TECA combining LBO were facial nerve paralysis and the others were recurrent infection and the formation of fistula and cyst. Two cases were tumors. One was ceruminous gland adenoma and the other was squamous cell carcinoma. The operation successfully resolved the original problems in 100% (23 of 23) of the surgically treated ears of these dogs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.149-153
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• 2004

This study was to determine the procedure for ultrasonographic imaging of the canine external ear canal(ECC). By infusion of warm saline solution into the ear canal, a real-time B mode ultrasonographic examination of the ECC was performed in five healthy Beagle dogs and two dogs with severe otitis externa. The ultrasonography was very useful to detect the structures of the ECC and the tympanic membrane. An 11 NHz linear probe was permitted to assess an anechoic lumen of the ECC and a hyperechoic cartilage surrounding the ear canal. In two dogs with otitis externa, it could be assessed the ECC with ultrasonography without ear cleansing. A lumen of the ECC was irregular and a cerumen could be seen, but edematous inflammatory changes of the ECC could not be identified. The results suggest that ultrasonography of the ECC with an 11 NHz linear probe after infusing the saline solution into the ear canal may be an accurate, non-invasive, rapid, and widely available method for assessment of the ear canal diseases such as otitis externa, polyp, stenosis, hyperplasia, and foreign body in dogs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2006

2002년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 전북지역의 동물병원에 외이염으로 내원한 환자의 Malassezia pachydermatis 이환율을 조사하였다. 외이염으로 진단된 총 589두의 개에서 243두(37.6%)가 M pachydermatis에 감염되어 있었다. 외이염에 감염된 개의 품종, 나이, 계절, 귀의 형태 등과 M. pachydermatis의 이환율과의 상호 관계를 조사하였다. 연령별로는 1-2년, 계절은 여름철, 귀는 pendulous 형태의 귀가 이환율이 높게 나타났다. 특히 귀의 형태와 계절적인 요인이 M. pachydermatis 이환율과 가장 관계가 깊은 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.85.1-85.13
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• 2023

Background: A recent increase in the occurrence of canine skin and soft tissue infections, including otitis externa and pyoderma, caused by antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi has become a significant public and veterinary health issues. Objective: We investigated the virulence potentials associated with the occurrence of canine otitis externa in S. pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi. Methods: In this study, the prevalence of genes encoding leukocidins, exfoliative toxins, and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) was investigated using previously characterized S. pseudintermedius (n = 26) and S. schleiferi (n = 19) isolates derived from canine otitis externa. Susceptibility to cathelicidins (K9CATH and PMAP-36) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) was also examined in both staphylococcal species. Results: A high prevalence of genes encoding leukocidins (lukS/F-I, lukS1/F1-S, and lukS2/F2-S), exfoliative toxins (siet, expB, and sset), and SEs was identified in both S. pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi isolates. Notably, S. pseudintermedius isolates possessed higher number of SE genes, especially newer SE genes, than S. schleiferi isolates harboring egc clusters. Although no significant differences in susceptibility to K9CATH and H₂O₂ were observed between the two isolate groups, S. pseudintermedius isolates exhibited enhanced resistance to PMAP-36 compared to S. schleiferi isolates. Conclusions: These findings suggest that high a prevalence of various toxin genes together with enhanced resistance to cathelicidins may contribute to the pathogenicity of S. pseudintermedius and S. schleiferi in canine cutaneous infections.