• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.41-51
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this research was physiological activities, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activities of the Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs. Methods : Physiological activities, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activities were examined through the Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs. Results : In the physiological activities, the electron donating ability(EDA) of the water and ethanol extracts from the Cheongyeolsodokum were over 60% and 80% at 100 ppm, respectively. The EDA of the water and ethanol extract from the Cheongyeolsodokum ingredients were gradually increased as well. Water and ethanol extracts from the Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs inhibited xanthine oxidase activity, they showed superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity. The Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs inhibited cancer cell growth in a dose-dependant manner. Also, the clear zones against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis were clear shown at 2.5 and 5 mg/disc. Its constituent herbs showed the clear zone against various bacteria such as Candida albicans, S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and S. mutans were shown at 0.5 and 1mg/disc. Conclusions : We observed physiological activities, cytotoxicity, and antibacterial activities of the Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs. The results also indicated that water extract and ethanol extract of Cheongyeolsodokum and its constituent herbs can be used as a natural ingredient in food or cosmetic industry.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.113-129
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• 2002

The present study designed to investigate whether hwangryunhaedok-tang show an anti-hypertensive effect and elucidate its possible mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The systolic blood pressures (SBP) were significantly decreased as an oral administration of hwangryunhaedok-tang compared with their control group. The urine volume was significantly increased by administration of hwangryunhaedok-tang but urinary sodium (UNaV), potassium (UKV), chloride excretion (UCIV) were not remarkably affected. The urinary creatinine excretion rate (UcrV) was significantly increased in rats administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang in association with increase of creatinine clearance (Ccr). The urine osmolality (Uosmol) was significantly decreased in SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang without being changed in solute-free water reabsorption ( TcH20). The expressions of Aquaporin 2 (AQP-2). 3 and ${\alpha}\;1$, ${\beta}\;1$ subunits of Na.K-ATPase were determined by Western blot analysis to assess the role of these proteins in association with changes of renal functions in SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang. The expression of AQP-2 and 3 protein was significantly down-regulated in the kidney of SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang compared with those in control rats without being altered expression of ${\alpha}\;1$, ${\beta}\;1$ subunits of Na,K-ATPase. In the in vitro assay, Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was inhibited by hwangryunhaedok-tang in a dose-dependent manner. Berberine and/or palmatine, which are well known as a main components of hwangryunhaedok-tang, also have an ACE inhibitory effects in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that hwangryunhaedok-tang lowered blood pressure through the increase of diuresis caused by down-regulation of water channels and the inhibition of Angiotensin converting enzyme.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2002

This study was performed to observe the effect of hyulbuchukeo-tang and its component groups on recovery of hepatoxicity in alloxan treated rats. The experimental group was divided into 3 groups: hyulbuchukeo-tang(HCT) and its components groups, sayeok-san(H-sa) and dohong-samul-tang (H-do). The results were obtained as follows: 1. The level of Glucose was considerably reduced by HCT, H-sa, H-do with high significancy. 2. In the change of GOT activity, HCT and H-do were decreased with high significancy, H-do was decreased with some significancy. 3. In the change of GPT activity, HCT was decreased with high significancy, H-sa and H-do were decreased with some significancy. 4. In the change of ${\gamma}-GPT$ activity, HCT was decreased with high significancy, H-do was decreased with some significancy. 5. In the change of ALP activity. only HCT was decreased with some significancy. 6. In the change of LDH activity, HCT was decreased with high significancy, H-sa and H-do were decreased with some significancy. 7. In the change of bilirubin contents. only HCT was decreased with some significancy. As result, hyulbuchukeo-tang(HCT) has significant effects on recovery of hepatoxicity, and its components groups. sayeok-san(H-sa) and dohong-samul-tang(H-do) have some effects. It suggests that sayeok-san(H-sa) and dohong-samul-tang(H-do) have more effects on recovery of hepatoxicity in case of the combination of the two (that is hyulbuchukeo-tang) than in case of the separation.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.31-43
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• 1981

In order to determine the effect of Oryeongsan reputed to have diuretic action since Han Dynasty and possible synergetic action of Dianthi Semen, Polygonum avicularis Herba, Kochiae Fructus and Akebiae Lignum, herbs with similar reputation, when added to the above prescription, their decoction powders were solved into distilled water and injected into rabbits through the ear vein. Upon the treatment, the excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride ion together with urine volume was kinetically determined. At the same time the clearance of plasma creatinine and sodium ion was determined and the following results were obtained. Every experimental group demonstrated diuretic action, though feable, of relatively long duration. The diuretic mechanism in the case of Oryeongsan made up by mixing the seperate extracts of individual components and Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen was found to be inhibitory effect of renal tubular reabsorption in contrast to the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Polygonum avicularis Herba, Kochiae Fructus or Akebiae Lignum in which case the diuretic mechanism was found to be glomerular vascular dilatation. The urinary excretion of potassium ion was increased in the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen, Kochiae Fructus of Akebiae Lignum whereas in the other cases no similar change was registered. The diuretic action was most remarkable in the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Polygonum avicularis Herba followed by Oryeongsan(A) plus Kochiae Fructus, Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen, extract mixture of individual component of Oryeongsan, Oryeongsan(A) and Oryeongsan(A) plus Akebiae Lignum decreasing order. The duration of diuretic action was found to be 90 minutes in the case of Oryeongsan and mixture of individual component of Oryeongsan, and 60 minutes in the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Dianthi Semen, Kochiae Fructus or Akebiae Lignum in contrast to the case of Oryeongsan(A) plus Polygonum avicularis Herba which lasted up to 120 minutes.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2011

Gyeongoggo is first described in the Collected Prescription by Hong Family in the Song Dynasty in China. It is composed of Radix Rehmnniae, Panax ginseng, Poria cocos, and Mel. Its main efficacy is to treat weakness of primordial essence of body and dry cough, and to invigorate qi and replenish yin principle. It is one of the most important prescriptions that people have been using for a long time. We studied the documents recorded in the medical classics and comprehended the following results. Gyeongoggo has efficacy to keep a person healthy and live long age, to treat amnesia and dizziness from brain weakness, to strengthen muscle and bone by improving function of stomach and colon, to improve a person's memory and judgement, to invigorate brain weakness, and, to treat tuberculosis and lung cancer. The longer a person take it, the better it is for one's health and meditation. When it is made, it is important to mix four components up, to boil it with an oak tree for three days and nights, and then to add water from a well to reduce heat for a full day, and to boil up again for a full day to mature fully. As gyeongoggo is acquired not only by the full heart of a manufacturer but also the sympathy of nature, it is important to choose a clean place to make and keep. When it is taken, it is proper to take it with warm water or liquors. And when it is made, we came to know that it is possible to make gyeongoggo with special efficacy by adding one to three more components.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 2010

This study is an endeavor to evaluate the safety of medicines from heavy metals, prescribed on the basis of herbal medicinal system and oriental medical prescription which are circulated much recently. For that, six globular types, six granular types and seven liquid types of herbal medicines were bought to compare and analyze the content of heavy metals, such as As, Pb, Cd and Hg, which are harmful to human body. The concentration of As was 0.219 mg/kg to 1.243 mg/kg, Cd was 0.0282 mg/kg to 0.8481 mg/kg, Pb was 0.9582 mg/kg to 5.233 mg/kg and Hg was 0.001 mg/kg to 0.01 mg/kg in globular and granular types. Otherwise, in the liquid types, As was 0.0123 mg/kg to 0.5024 mg/kg, Cd was 0.0128 mg/kg to 0.0568 mg/kg, Pb was 0.1755 mg/kg to 0.712 mg/kg, and Hg was 0.001 mg/kg to 0.002 mg/kg. It was found that the concentration of heavy metals in liquid types herbal medicines was relatively lower than globular and granular types. It is required to treat, manufacture and manage herbal medicines for safety.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-83
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• 2009

Objective : In vitro proapoptotic effect of Hangbaek-Tang (HBT) has been documented by one of us. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate in vivo effect of HBT on tumor growth. Methods : In vitro selective cytotoxicity of HBT was examined by enumeration of viable cell numbers using BC3A mouse leukemic cells and normal spleen cells. In vivo effect of HBT (25 and 50 mg/mouse) on tumor growth was assayed using BC3A cells innoculated subcutaneously in the flank. Annexin-V apoptosis assay and PI staining was performed to determine the effective serum factor in HBT-treated mice. Leukocyte recruitment into peritoneum were analyzed by microscopy with a stained cytosmear of peritoneal lavage fluid. Results : HBT exhibited in vitro selective cytotoxicity to leukemic cells and did not show any toxicity on immune organs. In vivo i.p. administration of HBT induced significant reduction in tumor growth but not complete regression. Sera obtained from HBT-treated mice strongly inhibited BC3A cell growth in vitro and were revealed to markedly enhance apoptosis and accompanying cell death, when compared to those from PBS-treated mice. Abundant extravasation of leukocytes, especially neutrophils, into peritoneum was observed in HBT-treated mice. Conclusions : HBT causes leukemic, BC3A cell death in vivo via apoptosis as well as in vitro, for which functional involvement of leukocytes is suggested.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.163-174
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• 2009

Reactive oxygen species(ROS) can induce hepatotoxicity and trigger apoptosis in the liver. In this study, we investigated the sulfated polysaccharide A-1 from Opuntia ficus-indica against alcoholic oxidative stress in human liver Hep G2 cell. An antioxidant substance A-1 obtained from the enzymatic extract of Opuntia ficus-indica fruit was purified by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange and sephadex G-100 gel permeation chromatography. The purification yield and molecular weight were 14.3% and 1.8 KDa, respectively. The A-1 predominately contained arabinose, galactose, rhamnose and also sulfate group. The structure of A-1 was investigated by periodate oxidation, FT-IR spectroscopy, $^1H$-NMR spectroscopy. The A-1 mainly composed of alternating unit of ${\rightarrow}4$)-$\alpha$-L- Rapp-2-$SO_3^-$-$\alpha$-L-Galp-($1{\rightarrow}$ and branched linkage of $\beta$-D-Arbp- ($5{\rightarrow}$. The antioxidative activity was measured using the SOD, CAT activity and GSH assay, respectively. The expression of Nrf2 protein was analyzed by western blotting. The viable cell count analyzed by autofluorescence. Oxidative stress induced by ethanol(1 M) were dramatically reduced by A-1 treatment. A-1 also prevented cell death induced by oxidative stress. It also increased expression Nrf2 protein level. We concluded that sulfated polysaccharide A-1 from Opuntia ficus-indica effectively protect Hep G2 liver cell from alcoholic oxidative stress.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

Sipjundaebo-tang was a well-known restorative traditional herbal prescription that used to treat anemia, anorexia, fatigue and inflammation. In this study, we examined the bioconversion of compounds in the Sipjundaebo-tang (SJ) and fermented Sipjundaebo-tang with Lactobacillus fermentum KFRI 164 (FSJ) using established HPLC-DAD method. The chromatogram of FSJ has shown that the contents of six bioactive compounds 5-HMF, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, cinnam aldehyde, decursin, glycyrrhizin in SJ has decreased. And the contents of unknown compounds (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) in FSJ were higher than each contents of SJ. The antioxidant activities of SJ and FSJ were conducted by DPPH free radical and Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) scavenging assay. Electron donating activity (EDA, %) value of FSJ has shown higher than 21.9% and 14.5% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging activity and $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity, respectively. Also, the neuroprotective activities of SJ and FSJ against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in a mouse hippocampal cell line (HT22) were evaluated by MTT assay. As a result, FSJ has shown higher neuroprotective activity than 56.5% comparing with SJ. In conclusion, the fermented SJ using microorganism could convert compounds in SJ and enhance antioxidant activity and neuroprotective activity.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.166-174
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• 2020

Cosmetic functional ingredients are products of emotional convergence technology. Unlike pharmaceuticals, it is very important that cosmetics ingredients contain emotional attractiveness because they are household products that have limitations in their effectiveness. Ginseng has long been used as a major prescription of oriental medicine for human health. Detailed records such as the origin and propagation of ginseng can lead to various cosmetical application of ginseng as an emotional convergence ingredients that utilizes the authenticity and excellence of ginseng as an asset of K-beauty. In the unfortunate reality that the first records of ginseng use depend on ancient Chinese literature, it is very meaningful to describe and leave the records of ginseng used in the field of beauty. This study examined the general historical records needed for the study of the cosmetics application of ginseng and the recent findings of ginsenoside in the area of skin function, and provided basic data that can be applied to new cosmetics development research.